Dissertações em Sociologia e Antropologia (Mestrado) - PPGSA/IFCH

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/6623

O Mestrado Acadêmico pertence ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia e Antropologia (PPGSA) é vinculado ao Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (IFCH) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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A doença do petróleo: extração petroleira na comunidade achuar nuevo Jerusalén no rio corrientes na Amazõnia Peruana
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-11) PALACIOS, Cynthia Cárdenas; LÓPEZ-GARCÉS, Claudia Leonor; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5655397771707702; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-0152
In the Northern Peruvian Amazon, near the border with Ecuador lives the Achuar people. More than forty years ago this indigenous group coexists with oil extraction, product of concession policies for the exploitation of hydrocarbons promoted throughout the Amazon by several governments. This research looks into the perceptions, actions and dynamics of the Achuar of the community of Nuevo Jerusalem, whose territory is superimposed by Lot 192. Based on the particular experiences of leaders and some community members, especially young girls and boys, I study the way in which the Achuar perceive and build their relationship with their territory. This approach privileges the point of view of the Achuar themselves. I argue that despite the changes in their territory, mainly due to environmental and social pollution, poor implementation of extractive oil activities and poor environmental regulations, the relationship that this indigenous group establishes with its territory is strong, and bounded both by their epistemology and oil extraction. I study the way in which the Achuar learn to relate to their territory, a territory that is inhabited by other beings besides humans and that can no longer offer them everything necessary to guarantee their livelihood.
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“Em todo tempo mulher foi tapete”: a escrevivência de um corpo rebarbado sobre as relações assimétricas de gênero na Assembleia de Deus em Boa Esperança - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-19) COSTA, Thaís de Oliveira; BUENO, Michele Escoura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3126701924384242
This text summarizes part of the results of the research I have been developing since 2018 and focuses on discussions regarding women's leadership in the evangelical church Assembly of God. The institution, founded in 1911, in Belém do Pará, over the years spread to other states outside the Amazon of Pará and is currently present in all Brazilian states. Starting from a colonialist bias, the church built its hierarchy on the sacralization of gender inequality, reserving subservient roles for women, especially black women, and not allowing them to ascend in the ecclesiastical hierarchy. This factor endorses the androcentric stance of the church which, in its 110 years of founding, never consecrated women to positions of ecclesiastical leadership, even though it had a woman as a pioneer in the founding of the church and a majority black female audience. Seeking to develop writing skills, as proposed by Conceição Evaristo, I defined as an “ethnographic research field” the Christian community of which I am a “deviant member”, whose headquarters are in Boa Esperança, in the rural area of the municipality of Santarém, in the west of Pará. More specifically, the work developed through dialogue between the researcher and the members of the Prayer Circle. In short, this text is about how the structures of oppression that act on women's bodies and their subjectivities operate within the church.
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Maretório: o giro ecoterritorial dos povos extrativistas costeiro-marinhos do litoral da Amazônia paraense do litoral da Amazônia paraense?
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-13) LIMA, Paulo Victor Sousa; RIBEIRO, Tânia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1193175057010343; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1683-3659
This dissertation presents a reflection on the socio-anthropological construction of the identity of the coastal extractive peoples of the Amazonian coast of Pará. In view of this, the study aimed to understand how the leaders of the National Commission for the Strengthening of Coastal and Marine Extractive Reserves and Extractive Peoples (CONFREM) from Coastal-Marine Extractive Reserves (RESEXs) on the coast of Pará give meaning to the maretório, that by mobilizing it for the recognition of a singular identity, that of coastal-marine extractivistas, they are drawing a concept in practice - as an ecoterritorial turn. It is qualitative exploratory research, which involved a set of techniques and methodological procedures that include bibliographic research, documentary research, and interviews with semi-structured scripts. This material was analyzed in dialog with a proposal of conceptual synthesis of the theoretical field of social movements. However, given the specificities of socio-environmental struggles in the context of the Pará Amazon coast, there was a need to incorporate other analytical categories, such as socio-environmental conflicts and expropriation of the sea. Currently there are 30 Coastal-Marine RESEXs decreed between the years 1992 and 2018, and 13, are located on the coast of the state of Pará. The mobilizations led by coastal-sea extractive peoples demanding the creation of these Sustainable Use Conservation Units originated from socio-environmental conflicts triggered by the incorporation of the coast of the Pará Amazon into an agenda composed of actions, policies, and initiatives, characterized by literature as the ocean grabbing. The results of the research indicate that it was only in 2008, that is, a little more than a decade after the institutionalization of the first Coastal-Marine RESEXs in Brazil, that the idea of forming an organization to represent the socio-environmental movement emerged. Over the years CONFREM has been expanding its window of action and gaining recognition from the State and Society as a whole. The main agendas defended by CONFREM involve the demand and the monitoring of the processes of creation of new Conservation Units, as well as the access to policies that meet and recognize the specificities of the category. In different participation spaces, such as meetings, forums, and seminars, these leaders of CONFREM of the Coastal-Marine RESEXs of the coast of Pará present a claim directed to academia: the construction of the concept of the maretório. Based on these leaders, it was possible to understand that the maretório, as a concept, would be characterized as the necessary lenses for those who wish to understand the socio-environmental dynamics, which occurs on the coast of the Pará Amazon, of the population segment self-denominated as "coastal-marine extractive peoples," which is linked to the singularity of a way of life based on cultural, political, and economic reproduction amidst the fluidity of the processes of appropriation and use of common resources of coastal and marine environments and ecosystems.
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Nas veredas da sobrevivência: mulheres no setor informal na feira do Ver-o-Peso em Belém, do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-03-17) SILVA, Mayara de Oliveira; DANTAS, Luísa Maria Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1573989294603242
This dissertation aims to present, based on an ethnography, the trajectories and narratives of women who found at the Ver-o-Peso fair, in Belém do Pará, opportunities for income generation and that without permission by the Municipality of Belém to the use of space at the fair, survive through their informal, autonomous and mobile work. The field research was divided into three moments: a) arrival at the field b) immersion in the field c) meeting women who work at the fair. It was carried out between the months of April 2018 and February 2020. Bibliographic data were collected to provide theoretical support for anthropology and sociology, as well as some quantitative data from the research universe. 66 women were interviewed, aged 17 to 69 years. Qualitative research proved to be essential for the knowledge of life trajectories of women belonging to the informal sector; also, through participant observation, of their work at the fair, essential work activities for daily subsistence. It was observed that the fair represents a welcoming space, which absorbs a large portion of the unemployed population in the city and at the same time represents a challenge for the control of public power and the locus of criminal practices. Informal work is abundant and a hallmark of the Ver-o-Peso fair, mainly represented by the female figure in the space.
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Nosso território, nossas regras! a construção do protocolo de consulta como instrumento pedagógico e de defesa do modo de vida no território quilombola de Moju Miri, Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-07-20) LIMA, Ruth Cardoso; PEIXOTO, Rodrigo Corrêa Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9872938064820413
Our Territory, Our Rules! This statement guided and gave meaning to the construction of the Free, Prior, and Informed Consent Protocol in the territory of Moju Miri. Taking this process as a reference, the dissertation brings the collective dimensions of a writing based on many voices. I am part of this polyphony (Clifford, 1998), referenced in the concept of "escrevivência" by Conceição Evaristo (2018), as I place myself in the text as a quilombola woman belonging to the Moju Miri quilombo and also as a researcher. From this "in-between place" (Bhabha, 1998), situated between academia and my community, I bring the experience of the process in Moju Miri as well as theoretical contributions from other consultation protocol experiences in various locations. I conduct an ethnography not only of the protocol process but also of the daily life of my community, with reference to Mariza Peirano (2014). Ethnographically, I worked on aspects characteristic of the community's daily life, focusing on memory, ancestry, and the history of our quilombo. I actively participated in the workshops held since 2020, with a pause due to the pandemic, and resumed at the end of 2021 until the first months of 2023. The work for the construction of the Consultation Protocol was collective, with intense participation from the residents of Moju Miri. Additionally, the work involved allied institutions like Fase, which sponsored the project, and leaders from other communities who were invited to integrate into the Moju Miri protocol, bringing experiences from other processes. It is important to mention that all this produced cohesion not only in the territory of Moju Miri but also among several other territories – such as Abacatal, Jambuaçu, and Bom Remédio in Abaetetuba, for example. Therefore, a central argument of the dissertation is the ability to produce cohesion and aggregation through a political process like the consultation protocol. This was a highly significant pedagogical effect. In the protocol process, various collective actors converged on the central value of defending the territory against assaults from companies and the government itself, with projects such as palm oil cultivation, electricity transmission lines, road openings, railways, and ports. When it comes to defending our territory, ethnographic writing cannot avoid being engaged, as Grada Kilomba (2019) does, criticizing traditional academicism. The struggle is for the right to consultation, in the face of the government's and companies' initiatives that affect our lives and harm our forests, rivers, knowledge, and ways of life. The work uses narratives from residents who participated in the process, thus bringing their experiences through orality, the collective voices that join the writing to produce "escrevivência." The dissertation investigates how the Consultation Protocol has become an instrument of the community's right to participate in the territory's destiny, how it allowed or did not allow for a less asymmetrical negotiation with the large economic interests advancing in the vicinity and even within the domain of Moju Miri territory. In the "escrevivência," the following issues were considered: How did the Consultation Protocol process influence the strengthening of protagonism, ancestry, and political organization of the community? How did it contribute to affirming our identity? Which moments/debates most contributed to what we want? Did the process inform us about rights? Did it produce pedagogical effects? We bring voices from Moju Miri to this discussion.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Paradoxos da conservação da biodiversidade e da salvaguarda do patrimônio imaterial no Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-07-12) CUNHA, Ana Paula Araújo Gomes; CARVALHO, Luciana Gonçalves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9870905738650852; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7916-9092
This research focuses on issues relating to policies relating to the cultural and natural heritage of the State of Pará. Even though the inseparability of nature and culture is recognized in chapters of the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the Constitution of the State of Pará of 1989, the cultural and environmental dimensions are addressed separately in the process of patrimonialization of balata crafts in the face of restrictions on access to this raw material. The general objective of this research was to discuss whether, and how, the practices of the State of Pará in relation to intangible cultural heritage and the environment contribute to its safeguarding and conservation, respectively. This is qualitative and explanatory research to specify characteristics that determine or favor the occurrence of the social phenomena focused on. The methodology involved bibliographical research and field research, which included semi- structured interviews and participant observation. Thus, it was found that the State of Pará, although it has recognized the balata craftsmanship as intangible heritage through the legislative power, threatens the material support of the craftsmanship through the executive power insofar as it allocates the trees that provide the material- cousin who makes handicrafts for companies to manage in the Paru State Forest. The bodies responsible for managing cultural heritage and the environment, as well as the legislative and executive powers, are disjointed. It is necessary to accelerate disconnections in the operations carried out by agencies and seek more integrated practices.
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Partilhando o sensível: práticas dissidentes de cinema na Amazônia paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-11-14) ARAUJO, Gabriela Laroca; CARDOSO, Denise Machado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685857306168366; SANTOS, Patricia da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3554364096207512; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1266-1311
This dissertation investigates the democratization of audiovisual media in the Amazon region of Pará, focusing on the Telas em Rede project in Santarém/PA, which uses audiovisual media as a tool for popular communication to amplify the voices of peripheral communities and strengthen their struggles for recognition and rights. The study discusses dissident practices of audiovisual production as a form of countercolonial resistance, exploring the intertwining of art and politics. Anchored in Jacques Rancière's aesthetic theory, the research analyzes how audiovisual media can reconfigure perceptions, sensibilities, and ways of acting, both at the individual and collective levels, proposing new forms of political subjectivation and social transformation. The main objective is to examine the relevance of audiovisual media as a tool for struggle in contexts of popular organization and defense of territories, in addition to discussing the multiple meanings attributed to audiovisual media in the peripheries of the Amazon. The methodology used includes a multi-sited ethnography that combined participant observation, open and semi-structured interviews with members of Telas em Rede, and analysis of the audiovisual productions carried out in the project. The fieldwork was carried out in Santarém and was expanded with analyses of activity reports and digital materials related to the project. The research highlights the importance of democratizing audiovisual production technologies as a way of reconfiguring the sensitive, allowing historically marginalized groups to create their own narratives and question dominant colonial representations, articulating new political and social horizons. In this way, Telas em Rede seeks to reconfigure the perception of the Amazon space, not only as an area of exploration, but as a territory of resistance, creation and collective transformation, where audiovisual becomes a means of amplifying the demands and voices of invisible populations.
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Quando o pesquisador e o sujeito da pesquisa são um: reflexividade quilombola sobre pesca, conflito e disputa na RESEX Ipaú-Anilzinho e TQ de Joana Peres (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-26) RIBEIRO FILHO, Manoel Machado; CAÑETE, Voyner Ravena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9961199993740323; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-3086
When considering the looks full of meanings that pass through me, as I am a quilombola, born, raised in the quilombo and today working in a place of leadership, of a minority that seeks to communicate with the hegemonic society in a relationship without hierarchies, I bring my speech in this writing. By bringing my speech in this text, my memories, my belonging and experiences are present from the beginning to the end of this dissertation. Thinking and writing like this, this study comprises an autoethnography, which for Miranda (2022, p. 71) is understood “as a cultural analysis elaborated through personal narrative, where it is possible to develop a critical lens in an inside-outside praxis, of way to understand who we are in our communities.” In this context, I come to talk about the tensions that shape new relationships in the process of new delimitation of the territory in the context of the Extractive Reserve (RESEX) and Quilombola Territory (TQ), in conflict scenarios that came to be established and mark this relationship, particularly considering fishing activity and the community of Anilzinho. Joana Peres and Anilzinho are the only quilombola communities, of the six that make up RESEX, created on June 14, 2005. Two quilombola territories, pre-defined over time by leaders and fishermen, being joined to the same RESEX territory, from of its creation. While the territory of the Anilzinho community was included in its entirety in the RESEX, with regard to my quilombo village of Joana Peres, the RESEX divided its territory, part of the community area is inside the RESEX, the other is not, which goes beyond the surroundings of the unit.
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Roda Cultural de Benevides: uma pesquisa-ação sobre a atualização da luta antirracista em Benevides/PA.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-01-31) OLIVEIRA, Evelyn Talisa Abreu de; PEIXOTO, Rodrigo Corrêa Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9872938064820413
The main objective of this master's thesis is to investigate the mobilization of the collective “Roda Cultural de Benevides” (RCDB), founded on August 8, 2018, as a black resistance movement, born in a city that brings in its historical configuration the first liberation of slaves in the Amazon. Thus, this research sought to answer the following problem: how does the Roda Cultural de Benevides' collective contribute to the updating and visibility of the anti-racist struggle in Benevides/PA? For this, first of all, we characterized the RCDB, in order to identify the dynamics and meanings of collective actions in relation to the anti-racist struggle in the city, and then, through the intervention proposal, we aim at cooperation for the improvement of the racial awareness of the collective, in view of the knowledge acquired at the university in dialogue with the experiences in the RCDB. The methodology of this investigation is supported by the principles of socially critical action research, a modality of political action research. The analysis categories used in this work are the new social movements, black movement, hip-hop movement, cultural collective, anti-racist struggle, colonialism, coloniality. Among the theoretical references are Abdias Nascimento (2016), Aluízio Marino (2013; 2015), ngela Alonso (2009), Aníbal Quijano (1992;2005;2009), Bruno Borda (2016), Frantz Fanon (2008), Glória Diógenes (2015), Grada Kilomba (2019), Kabengele Munanga (2019), Leila Ferreira (2019), Nilma Lino Gomes (2017), Petrônio Domingues (2007), Regina Novaes (2006), Remo Mutzenberg (2015), Ricardo Campos and Ágata Sequeira (2018). The analysis' results of the elements and actions that build and characterize the RCDB, as well as the experience of implemented social practice, led us to two conclusions. The first conclusion is the reproduction of one of the updated forms of racism in Brazilian type, that is, racism by omission, highlighting the urgency of an explicit stance against racism. The second conclusion corresponds to the answer to the proposed research problem, namely, art is the main strategy of contemporary anti-racist struggle in the Benevides City.
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São João em Santarém (PA): uma análise das performances da quadrilha humorística “As virgens do beco”
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-29) VIANA, Andreza Cristina Moraes; CARVALHO, Luciana Gonçalves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9870905738650852; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7916-9092
his study investigates the expressions and meanings of laughter in the performances of June gangs classified as humorous in the city of Santarém, Pará. The course of the study starts with the performances of the quadrilha entitled “As Virgens do Beco” (The Virgins of the Alley), taken as the empirical units of investigation. This gang is particularly renowned in Santarém for its ability to mobilize laughable elements, dance and theater in its performances. These are analyzed using an approach based on the anthropology of performance and the study of laughter, in the light of Bakhtin's contributions, especially regarding grotesque realism. The investigation also considers the quadrilha shows as ritualized events, with emphasis on the face-to-face interactions that take place during the performances. The analysis sought to understand the exploitation and meanings of humor in the performances. It emerged that, while some comic parts are predefined, a significant portion of the humor is created improvisationally. Furthermore, this study explores the nuances of laughter and the laughable in the context of the humorous quadrilhas of Santarém. Themes related to the body and sexuality play a prominent role in the skits of this style of June dance, as indicated by the name of the group itself, "As Virgens do Beco".

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