Dissertações em Sociologia e Antropologia (Mestrado) - PPGSA/IFCH

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/6623

O Mestrado Acadêmico pertence ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia e Antropologia (PPGSA) é vinculado ao Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (IFCH) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Partilhando o sensível: práticas dissidentes de cinema na Amazônia paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-11-14) ARAUJO, Gabriela Laroca; CARDOSO, Denise Machado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685857306168366; SANTOS, Patricia da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3554364096207512; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1266-1311
This dissertation investigates the democratization of audiovisual media in the Amazon region of Pará, focusing on the Telas em Rede project in Santarém/PA, which uses audiovisual media as a tool for popular communication to amplify the voices of peripheral communities and strengthen their struggles for recognition and rights. The study discusses dissident practices of audiovisual production as a form of countercolonial resistance, exploring the intertwining of art and politics. Anchored in Jacques Rancière's aesthetic theory, the research analyzes how audiovisual media can reconfigure perceptions, sensibilities, and ways of acting, both at the individual and collective levels, proposing new forms of political subjectivation and social transformation. The main objective is to examine the relevance of audiovisual media as a tool for struggle in contexts of popular organization and defense of territories, in addition to discussing the multiple meanings attributed to audiovisual media in the peripheries of the Amazon. The methodology used includes a multi-sited ethnography that combined participant observation, open and semi-structured interviews with members of Telas em Rede, and analysis of the audiovisual productions carried out in the project. The fieldwork was carried out in Santarém and was expanded with analyses of activity reports and digital materials related to the project. The research highlights the importance of democratizing audiovisual production technologies as a way of reconfiguring the sensitive, allowing historically marginalized groups to create their own narratives and question dominant colonial representations, articulating new political and social horizons. In this way, Telas em Rede seeks to reconfigure the perception of the Amazon space, not only as an area of exploration, but as a territory of resistance, creation and collective transformation, where audiovisual becomes a means of amplifying the demands and voices of invisible populations.
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A dendeicultura em Igarapé-Açu/Pará: um olhar sobre as relações de trabalho que tipificam o trabalhador rural na Agroindustrial Palmasa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-29) CARDOSO, Marlon Kauã Silva; RIBEIRO, Tânia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1193175057010343; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1683-3659
The objective of this research was to analyze the work relationships that characterize rural workers in the palm oil agroindustry in Igarapé-Açu, notably analyzing Agroindustrial Palmasa. The palm oil agroindustry, at a macropolitical level, was territorialized in the northeast of Pará through state developmental actions in civil-military governments in the 1960s, planned by the Superintendence for Economic Valorization of the Amazon (SPVEA) and the Superintendency for the Development of the Amazon (SUDAM), and, it has a new impulse with the neo-developmentalism of the 2000s, associated with sustainable development, through the National Biodiesel Production Program (PNPB) and the Sustainable Palm Oil Program (PSOP). These led to integration projects, to obtain the Social Fuel Seal (SCS), between palm oil producers and family farmers in municipalities in the northeast of Pará. Through qualitative methodology, combining interview, bibliographic and quantitative data, we verified that the most recent public policies did not cover the economic activities of Agroindustrial Palmasa, in Igarapé-Açu. In the region, contracts predominate, but only for purchase and sale, an associative relationship, between medium/large rural palm oil producers and the company itself. In this way, direct relations between classes gravitate between medium/large farmers and farm workers responsible for working on the farms.
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Guardiães de saberes quilombolas da Amazônia brasileira: relações entre mulheres, território, memórias e plantas no Médio Itacuruçá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-17) CARVALHO, Silviane Couto de; CARDOSO, Denise Machado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685857306168366
This dissertation focuses on studying the relationships that women from the quilombola community Igarapé São João in Médio Itacuruçá establish with the plants and herbs they cultivate. I turn to the knowledge, practices and worldviews historically arising from the management and cultivation of a diversity of plant species and fruit trees, medicinal herbs, roots, tree bark, vegetables and greens. Production that promotes the local and municipal economy, in addition to being a source of food supply and different forms of use by families in this community. The place of study where I carried out the ethnographic research is the riverside and quilombola community of Igarapé São João, in the Middle Itacuruçá, located in the municipality of Abaetetuba, in the region of the islands, a rural area in the state of Pará, Amazon, northern region of Brazil. Ethnography is one of the paths of qualitative research as it comprises the study based on direct observation of the customary living practices of a particular group of people (Mattos, 2011). Therefore, I used participant observation, ethnobiography (Gonçalves, 2012) and writing (Evaristo, 2020), with a view to capturing the experience lived by the interlocutors of this research. Between illnesses, observation of backyards, reports about home remedies and plants, in addition to my childhood memories, experiences and coexistence in the quilombola community of Médio Itacuruçá, I noticed the diversity of knowledge acquired and transmitted by women. In the face of a global environmental crisis and the confrontation of environmental conflicts (monoculture of oil palm and livestock), the agroforestry system used by traditional populations, including riverside and quilombola populations, is of paramount importance for the maintenance of life and biodiversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O rio que embaçou no horizonte: narrativas e percepções sobre os impactos urbanos da construção e operação do terminal da Cargill em Santarém - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-27) PIMENTA, Karina Cunha; SILVA, Carlos Freire da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7489756177996098; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0202-8678
This study investigates the urban impacts of the installation and operation of the Cargill terminal in Santarém, Pará (Brazil), focusing on the socio-environmental transformations resulting from this intervention and the lived experiences of the city’s residents. The research emerged from an ethnographic approach initiated in 2017, aiming to understand changes in urban landscapes through the narratives of residents who, prior to the terminal’s installation, lived in the former Vera Paz beach area and were displaced to the current Laguinho neighborhood. From this perspective, the study reflects on the effects of the eradication of this leisure and sociability space, expanding the analysis to the economic dynamics of agribusiness, the expansion of soy monoculture, and the impacts of large infrastructure projects. Based on a qualitative methodology, the research employs oral narratives, life histories, interviews, poems, songs, and document analysis to explore how the transformations caused by the Cargill terminal have shaped new forms of sociability and resistance. The dissertation interrogates how processes of economic exploitation reshape urban and environmental dynamics, addressing not only economic consequences but also impacts on the "sensible" (affective, sensory, and symbolic dimensions) and the subjectivities of residents. The study also highlights the reconfiguration of the "sensible," symbolized by the disappearance of the former Vera Paz beach, and how this represents an infringement on the right to the city. It reveals an acceleration of socio-environmental violence, rendered invisible by mainstream media, and proposes an interdisciplinary lens for analyzing urban issues in the Amazon, integrating emotional and cultural dimensions often neglected in such debates. Ultimately, this work aims to pave the way for deeper investigations into Amazonian landscapes and the new forms of struggle and belonging emerging from these socio-environmental conflicts.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pandemia e a espiral das crise: memórias de professoras e professores da Educação Básica durante a implementação do ensino remoto no Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-09) MONTEIRO, Ádima Farias Rodrigues; BUENO, Michele Escoura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3126701924384242
With the aim of understanding the social, professional, and emotional effects of the emergency political arrangements implemented by the Government of the State of Pará in the state public education during the COVID-19 pandemic, based on the experience of teachers from the State Public Education Network in the Municipality of Ananindeua, in the metropolitan region of Belém, this dissertation brings an analysis of the memories that the 24 teachers I interviewed shared with me about their professional experiences. As I listened to them, I was also reliving my memories, and thus, I take on the position of a native/ethnographer (Peirano, 2014) in the text. I also analyze the main documents that regulated public education in the State of Pará in 2020 and 2021, relating them to the decisions of the federal government. Guided by what I heard in the field in January and February 2022, this study focuses on the period during the pandemic when the government of the State of Pará implemented "remote teaching" in the state public network, specifically from January to June 2021. The analysis of these experiences is in dialogue with anthropological and sociological perspectives on the topic. In Chapter I, I show how the state government managed basic education during the pandemic period when face-to- face classes were suspended in the public network. In Chapter II, I show how teachers experienced the changes resulting from the new standardization and regulation of basic education established by the state government. By analyzing the teachers' experiences, I realized that besides the contradiction between professionals and the State, other contradictions emerged as teachers practiced their profession from the domestic environment, elements to which I dedicate Chapter III. As results of this research, I argue that the pandemic deepened pre-existing crises and inequalities while producing new dynamics of crisis. According to the data, I show that as the state's educational public policies proved insufficient to contain the effects of the pandemic on basic education in Pará, teachers' lives became marked by a process of worsening precariousness of teaching work, expressed in the total flexibilization of the workday and physical and mental illness resulting from labor activities. Additionally, I highlight that in the case of women teachers who are mothers, daughters, and/or wives, there was also an endless workload of caregiving tasks, which was multiplied by the suspension of public services offered by the State, making the period one of overlapping labor and class inequalities with gender inequalities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Precisamos pisar no chão: plantas medicinais e ancestrais usos de práticas e saberes entre os quilombolas de Deus Ajude
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-11-07) SOUZA, José Luis Souza de; CARDOSO, Denise Machado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685857306168366
This research is carried out in a traditional territory recognized as Deus Ajude and investigates the relationship between the use of medicinal plants and the Quilombola identity in this community, located in the Marajó archipelago, Pará, Brazil. Motivated by the debates on the preservation of Quilombola territories, especially after the constitutional recognition of traditional lands by Art. 68 of the ADCT (1988), this anthropological and sociological research examines how ancestral knowledge linked to the use of plants strengthens the Quilombola cultural identity and contributes to territorial conservation. With a population of approximately 300 inhabitants, the community makes sustainable use of a biodiverse area composed of forests that provide the use of their fruits, ancestral and medicinal plants, lianas and rushes, in addition to rivers with fish and other aquatic animals that make up a rich scenario with potential for the development of different activities. The research also analyzes the challenges imposed by the expansion of agribusiness on these territories and the replacement of traditional knowledge by modern pharmacological practices, highlighting the relevance of traditional knowledge for cultural resistance and environmental sustainability.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Violências e narrativas: trajetórias de mulheres que romperam com o relacionamento íntimo violento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-29) SILVA, Elcione da Silva e; GONÇALVES, Telma Amaral; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7335593537033167
The issue of violence against women is a reality in various life stories, leaving deep marks on the subjectivities and memories of the victims. This study sheds light on the scientific public space on a problem traditionally associated with the realms of romantic relationships and consequently considered of a private nature. This dissertation investigates the trajectory of six women who have broken free from violent intimate relationships, whether with a boyfriend or husband, exploring their experiences during and after the end of these relationships. The research is based on a qualitative approach, using the "Life Narratives" method (Bertaux, 2010), with the use of narrative interviews to access their stories. The aim was to understand the subjective meanings attributed to these experiences, highlighting the attempts at resignification and resistance by the participants, aiming at possible ruptures with the cycle of violence. The results reveal rich and complex narratives, evidencing the challenges faced during the violent relationship, the difficulties encountered when trying to break free, and the processes of personal and social reconstruction after the breakup. We identify how social discourses about love shape the subjectivity of women in abusive relationships, emphasizing the idealization of love and expectations surrounding relationships, and how women tend to value positive characteristics of partners, even in the face of abusive behavior, as violence manifests culturally ingrained. The various types of social and institutional support available to women in situations of violence are also discussed, as well as the marks and psychological and social impacts of these experiences. We identify the resistance strategies adopted by women experiencing domestic violence to resist and eventually break free from abusive relationships. Experiences of violence vary in their manifestation, context, and specific circumstances, but share lasting negative effects for both victims and society as a whole. However, the survival stories of these women reveal a desire to rebuild their lives, demonstrating a movement towards resilience, autonomy, and resignification, indicating a shift in power relations, as discussed in feminist studies on gender violence.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agarrada nos jogos de identidade quilombola: representatividade, conflitos e resistência no Arquipélago do Marajó
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-11-05) SANTOS, Paulo Henrique Santos dos; ZAMPARONI, Valdemir Donizette; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9786959916347562; CARDOSO, Denise Machado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685857306168366
This study addresses Agarrada, a traditional wrestling practice featured in the Quilombola Identity Games in the Marajó Archipelago, focusing on the communities of Salvaterra, Pará. The work explores how this practice, beyond its playful and competitive aspects, serves as a space for identity reaffirmation, as well as symbolic and political resistance. Agarrada, deeply integrated into the daily lives of the quilombola people, is analyzed from different perspectives, ranging from its symbolic value to the tensions and narrative disputes surrounding it. The research also investigates the land and territorial conflicts faced by the quilombola communities, relating them to the practice of Agarrada, which becomes a reflection of ongoing political and social struggles. The methodology includes interviews with quilombola leaders, participant observations during the games, and documentary analysis, highlighting the importance of Agarrada not only from a sporting perspective but as a symbol of resistance and community mobilization. The study concludes that the quilombola struggle transcends the realm of physical competition, representing a form of resistance against exclusion and the erasure of the ancestral heritage of Salvaterra's quilombola communities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mudanças e continuidades no Salgado Paraense: dinâmica das relações sociais em torno do universo da pesca artesanal em Marudá/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-31) COSTA, Layse Rosa Miranda da; CARDOSO, Denise Machado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685857306168366; FURTADO, Lourdes de Fátima Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1828475659148260; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5243-4607
The research area of this dissertation is Marudá, located in the municipality of Marapanim/PA, within the Salgado Paraense microregion, and part of the Mestre Lucindo Marine Extractive Reserve, established in 2014. It is important to highlight that studying the universe of artisanal fishing is complex, as it involves various variables marked by social indicators, such as environmental issues, climate, gender, education, public health, and others. However, given the variables presented by the field of research in which I work, this study aims to highlight, through my participant observation and ethnography conducted between 2018 and 2024, the dynamics observed in the social relationships surrounding the fishing universe in Marudá. During fieldwork, many developments emerged from the observed evidence, opening paths for future projects and research. In this context, tradition and modernity constantly intertwine in the fishing lifestyle of the region's inhabitants, provoking both changes and continuities, especially regarding what fishing activity represents for them. Thus, another objective is to emphasize, based on my ethnographic research, what artisanal fishing currently represents for the sons and daughters of Marudá, considering that this relationship is no longer the same as it was in past decades of the 20th century, as changes and continuities occur constantly, where fishing activity was more intense. Other aspects addressed also include issues related to tourism, a category that has been transforming the way of life of the residents. Since the construction of the first roads and highways that connected and still connect Marudá/PA to the large and medium-sized urban and commercial centers of the State of Pará, such as the municipalities of Belém and Castanhal, the region has received many tourists, especially during vacation periods and holidays, thus causing some impacts. Currently, other means of communication have been transforming social relationships around the universe of artisanal fishing in the locality, such as internet access, as the digital medium has become integrated into everyday life, facilitating communication and mobilization of social categories, both internal and external, that is, beyond the territorial boundaries that make up the district of Marudá and Marapanim. In this way, the concepts of changes and continuities will metaphorically serve as the oars that will help me navigate the tides of this dissertation. It is also important to note that this research was conducted in a pandemic context, which generated many difficulties for fieldwork, as well as demands arising from the aftereffects of COVID-19.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O lago virou canal: desigualdade ambiental nas entrelinhas do saneamento básico em uma baixada de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-07-05) PESSOA, Cláudia de Fátima Ferreira; RIBEIRO, Tânia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1193175057010343; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1683-3659
This paper analyzes the reproduction of environmental inequalities through the impacts of precarious basic sanitation services on the perimeter of Lago Verde, a tributary of the Tucunduba River in the Terra Firme district of Belém, Pará. This relationship is justified by the recognition that certain sections of the population, allocated to specific areas such as the lowlands of Belém, have no guarantee of equitable access to the resources and policies that are fundamental to life in the city. The research used a methodological approach to the problem based on a predominantly qualitative approach, employing the techniques of bibliographical research, field research and the application of interviews with semi-structured scripts, collection and analysis of secondary data, such as statistical data on sanitation collected from official data platforms, research institutions and municipal bodies in Belém, as well as census analysis of the neighborhood based on data from the IBGE Automatic Retrieval System (SIDRA) statistical database and documentary research in journalistic sources. The theoretical analysis is based on the category of environmental inequality (Acselrad, Mello and Bezerra, 2009) articulated with the theme of basic sanitation as a public policy to promote well-being (Rezende, Heller, 2008; Souza et al, 2015). The category of environmental inequality represents a synthesis between social and environmental inequality, going beyond differences of income and class by broadening the sociological view of the environment. The perspectives elaborated on sanitation influence ways of appropriating the city, guiding practices, temporalities and impacting the subjective spheres of individuals in two distinct moments. The first is the absence and/or precariousness of services. This can be seen in the financial security of the residents interviewed, which is compromised by works and adjustments to their homes after flooding, in the disruption of activities and habits that they maintained in their daily lives due to public works interventions, and the distress and concern in managing their homes, which represent their dreams and achievements, symbolized in their own homes. A second moment is the spatialization of the state in the lowlands, where aspects of political participation were triggered by the Tucunduba Pro Lago Verde socio-environmental movement. A legitimate social critique was made of the way in which the interventionist actions were implemented. The concerns and afflictions that make up the daily lives of the residents of the Lago Verde community alter their relationship with the neighborhood, as well as their way of being in the city. A social process of sanitation is mobilized that attests to and stands against the sustaining and reproduction of social and environmental inequalities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O “interior” e as águas: entre paisagens, mobilidades e tecnologias de uma vida ribeirinha em São Sebastião da Boa Vista no Marajó-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-20) LIMA, Joicieli Pereira de; BUENO, Michele Escoura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3126701924384242
This research arises from an internal confrontation with my own identity, and so I question whether the people who live in São Sebastião da Boa Vista in Marajó identify themselves as riverside or not. However, upon arriving in the field I realize that people in their daily lives are not using riverside as an identity, except in certain sporadic moments, and what appears constantly is the “interior” category, which in turn will be activated i ) sometimes as something negative and pejorative, considering the entire historical and social process that the word “interior” carries with it, ii) or from the confrontation with the “other”, this category will be one of valorization and reaffirmation. From the practice of people's daily lives, it was possible to notice that they were moving whether through the river, the dry land, the mud, but that within this movement the notion of time and space to refer to what is close and what is far it was being mediated by people's relationship with different landscapes, mainly by the presence or absence of water, understanding it as part of their reality and their way of life, acting in accordance with this connection to their own daily lives. Given this, I try to understand what it means to be from the “interior” for people, and from this I realize that the State reduces what it means to be riverside to a way of life linked only to the river, but that when seen through the practice of life people's daily lives, not only the river matters, but all the waters and their variations will constitute the production of the perception of belonging and their ways of life.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Nosso território, nossas regras! a construção do protocolo de consulta como instrumento pedagógico e de defesa do modo de vida no território quilombola de Moju Miri, Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-07-20) LIMA, Ruth Cardoso; PEIXOTO, Rodrigo Corrêa Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9872938064820413
Our Territory, Our Rules! This statement guided and gave meaning to the construction of the Free, Prior, and Informed Consent Protocol in the territory of Moju Miri. Taking this process as a reference, the dissertation brings the collective dimensions of a writing based on many voices. I am part of this polyphony (Clifford, 1998), referenced in the concept of "escrevivência" by Conceição Evaristo (2018), as I place myself in the text as a quilombola woman belonging to the Moju Miri quilombo and also as a researcher. From this "in-between place" (Bhabha, 1998), situated between academia and my community, I bring the experience of the process in Moju Miri as well as theoretical contributions from other consultation protocol experiences in various locations. I conduct an ethnography not only of the protocol process but also of the daily life of my community, with reference to Mariza Peirano (2014). Ethnographically, I worked on aspects characteristic of the community's daily life, focusing on memory, ancestry, and the history of our quilombo. I actively participated in the workshops held since 2020, with a pause due to the pandemic, and resumed at the end of 2021 until the first months of 2023. The work for the construction of the Consultation Protocol was collective, with intense participation from the residents of Moju Miri. Additionally, the work involved allied institutions like Fase, which sponsored the project, and leaders from other communities who were invited to integrate into the Moju Miri protocol, bringing experiences from other processes. It is important to mention that all this produced cohesion not only in the territory of Moju Miri but also among several other territories – such as Abacatal, Jambuaçu, and Bom Remédio in Abaetetuba, for example. Therefore, a central argument of the dissertation is the ability to produce cohesion and aggregation through a political process like the consultation protocol. This was a highly significant pedagogical effect. In the protocol process, various collective actors converged on the central value of defending the territory against assaults from companies and the government itself, with projects such as palm oil cultivation, electricity transmission lines, road openings, railways, and ports. When it comes to defending our territory, ethnographic writing cannot avoid being engaged, as Grada Kilomba (2019) does, criticizing traditional academicism. The struggle is for the right to consultation, in the face of the government's and companies' initiatives that affect our lives and harm our forests, rivers, knowledge, and ways of life. The work uses narratives from residents who participated in the process, thus bringing their experiences through orality, the collective voices that join the writing to produce "escrevivência." The dissertation investigates how the Consultation Protocol has become an instrument of the community's right to participate in the territory's destiny, how it allowed or did not allow for a less asymmetrical negotiation with the large economic interests advancing in the vicinity and even within the domain of Moju Miri territory. In the "escrevivência," the following issues were considered: How did the Consultation Protocol process influence the strengthening of protagonism, ancestry, and political organization of the community? How did it contribute to affirming our identity? Which moments/debates most contributed to what we want? Did the process inform us about rights? Did it produce pedagogical effects? We bring voices from Moju Miri to this discussion.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Paradoxos da conservação da biodiversidade e da salvaguarda do patrimônio imaterial no Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-07-12) CUNHA, Ana Paula Araújo Gomes; CARVALHO, Luciana Gonçalves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9870905738650852; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7916-9092
This research focuses on issues relating to policies relating to the cultural and natural heritage of the State of Pará. Even though the inseparability of nature and culture is recognized in chapters of the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the Constitution of the State of Pará of 1989, the cultural and environmental dimensions are addressed separately in the process of patrimonialization of balata crafts in the face of restrictions on access to this raw material. The general objective of this research was to discuss whether, and how, the practices of the State of Pará in relation to intangible cultural heritage and the environment contribute to its safeguarding and conservation, respectively. This is qualitative and explanatory research to specify characteristics that determine or favor the occurrence of the social phenomena focused on. The methodology involved bibliographical research and field research, which included semi- structured interviews and participant observation. Thus, it was found that the State of Pará, although it has recognized the balata craftsmanship as intangible heritage through the legislative power, threatens the material support of the craftsmanship through the executive power insofar as it allocates the trees that provide the material- cousin who makes handicrafts for companies to manage in the Paru State Forest. The bodies responsible for managing cultural heritage and the environment, as well as the legislative and executive powers, are disjointed. It is necessary to accelerate disconnections in the operations carried out by agencies and seek more integrated practices.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Castanhal: a “cidade modelo”, os caminhos e descaminhos do projeto de desenvolvimento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-20) CRUZ, Laiane Helena Silva da; MOURA, Edila Arnaud Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2154370107837866; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0093-8464
Inspired by developmentalism ideas, the Brazilian government implemented several public policies during the second half of the last century intending to promote economic growth, fueled mainly by industrialization. After the 1964 coup d’état, to integrate the Amazon region to the rest of the country, the government adopted several public policies such as road construction and generous tax incentives. This region, which was seen as an empty space by the State, began to attract thousands of migrants in search of plots of land. Thus, the goal of this dissertation is to assess the role of the State in the municipality of Castanhal within a political scenario driven by the ideology of development. The city of Castanhal, located in the state of Pará, is analyzed considering three different periods: its creation associated with the construction of the railway station of Bragança-PA, the revitalization of its downtown, and the creation of the Cupiúba rural settlement. This study was carried out based on bibliographic research and literature review about the history of Castanhal and its surrounding area (Bragantina region), as well as on socio-demographic, economic, and agricultural indicators collected from the following databases: SIDRA and Atlas Brasil. The results indicate that Castanhal stands out positively among the other municipalities that were crossed by the Bragança railway due to a set of investments the city received during the analyzed periods. On the other hand, concerning the social reproduction of farmers in rural settlements, there are still many challenges that need to be overcome. The State’s neglect, to which they are subjected, and the creation of the Cupiúba settlement as a palliative measure in response to their land occupation reveal how familiar farming is devalued by public authorities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Vai rolar essa diamba?”: uma etnografia de usos medicinais, religiosos e recreativos da maconha em um bairro periférico de Belém/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-26) PASSOS, Bruno Ferreira dos; DANTAS, Luísa Maria Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1573989294603242
This work aims to identify and understand different uses of marijuana by residents of a neighborhood on the outskirts of Belém/PA. The presence of marijuana could be perceived in recreational, medicinal and religious contexts. People who live in the same territory experience police repression, spatial segregation, moral prohibition, and the high cost of the drug derived from marijuana in a scenario in which recreational use suffers strong repression, while medicinal use has its own consequences. discrete and selectively flexible access. I carried out this ethnography in different places within the neighborhood: the condominium - a well-urbanized leisure space with a landscape very different from the rest of the neighborhood; the margin - space that is divided between a fair during the day and headquarters of sound system parties during the night; and in the streets and squares - on the outskirts of both places. The first entries into the field were due to my personal experiences, which were added to what was experienced with the interlocutors in the production of ethnographic data. To protect everyone involved in the research, places and people had their names hidden or fictionalized. The results of the ethnographic work will be presented in three sections. First, we will address recreational uses, discussing differences in police repression of users based on racial criteria, and how the stereotype of the pothead has historically fallen on blacks and the poor, supporting policies of spatial segregation to this day. Then, we will present the religious uses in a candomblé terreiro in the neighborhood, in which marijuana appears as another ritual element, albeit invisible. The third section will reflect on the unequal difficulties that women in the neighborhood face in seeking health care with medical marijuana, due to a hegemonic morality, and the racism experienced in attempts to access health services.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Quando o pesquisador e o sujeito da pesquisa são um: reflexividade quilombola sobre pesca, conflito e disputa na RESEX Ipaú-Anilzinho e TQ de Joana Peres (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-26) RIBEIRO FILHO, Manoel Machado; CAÑETE, Voyner Ravena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9961199993740323; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-3086
When considering the looks full of meanings that pass through me, as I am a quilombola, born, raised in the quilombo and today working in a place of leadership, of a minority that seeks to communicate with the hegemonic society in a relationship without hierarchies, I bring my speech in this writing. By bringing my speech in this text, my memories, my belonging and experiences are present from the beginning to the end of this dissertation. Thinking and writing like this, this study comprises an autoethnography, which for Miranda (2022, p. 71) is understood “as a cultural analysis elaborated through personal narrative, where it is possible to develop a critical lens in an inside-outside praxis, of way to understand who we are in our communities.” In this context, I come to talk about the tensions that shape new relationships in the process of new delimitation of the territory in the context of the Extractive Reserve (RESEX) and Quilombola Territory (TQ), in conflict scenarios that came to be established and mark this relationship, particularly considering fishing activity and the community of Anilzinho. Joana Peres and Anilzinho are the only quilombola communities, of the six that make up RESEX, created on June 14, 2005. Two quilombola territories, pre-defined over time by leaders and fishermen, being joined to the same RESEX territory, from of its creation. While the territory of the Anilzinho community was included in its entirety in the RESEX, with regard to my quilombo village of Joana Peres, the RESEX divided its territory, part of the community area is inside the RESEX, the other is not, which goes beyond the surroundings of the unit.
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Estratégias de permanência de indígenas estudantes na Universidade Federal do Pará: desafios e resistência
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-23) ARAYA, Ignacio Gabriel San Martin; CAÑETE, Voyner Ravena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9961199993740323; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-3086
The Federal University of Pará/UFPA UFPA is known as one of the public institutions that receives the most indigenous and quilombola students through the Special Selection Process- IQ. However, although it is recognized as one of the pioneers in reserving vacancies for indigenous students, according to the report presented at the IQ Seminar, a significant number of dropouts are observed in the courses. Therefore, this dissertation aims to identify and describe the resistance strategies for the permanence of indigenous students at UFPA. To achieve this objective, during the field research, between 2021 and 2023, the theoretical and methodological assumptions of multisited and digital ethnography, visual anthropology, and biographical approach were used. This research presents the narratives of life trajectory and struggle of indigenous students, as well as the tools created from the pressure exerted by these students. As conclusions, it is concluded that although the university reserves vacancies for indigenous students at UFPA, there is still a long way to go to combat the existing racism in the institution, as well as to improve and expand policies for the permanence of indigenous people in the university. Challenges faced by them were observed, such as adaptation to academic writing, change of city and quality of life, as well as facing racism. This research concludes by pointing out two issues: first, the processes of transformation in the university are due to pressures exerted by the indigenous students themselves, who are part of the Association of Indigenous Peoples Students of the Federal University of Pará, as well as actions taken in conjunction with professors; in this sense, UFPA needs to create an effective institutional policy against the evasion of indigenous students, through the expansion of the number of permanent assistance and housing scholarships, for example.
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A internet como espaço de atuação política para mulheres capoeiristas em tempos de isolamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-22) PENA, Luana de Nazaré Pinto; BUENO, Michele Escoura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3126701924384242
Networked spaces have shaped new dynamics of sociability, enabling the intertwining of different historical-social contexts, a multiplicity of groups, organizations and subjects with different profiles of action and social and political mobilization, which have reached new heights from the contexts driven by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. It was in this scenario that capoerista paraense Sabrina Silva used Facebook lives to spread the female capoerista movement in Pará. In view of the above, this study aimed to analyze how the internet became a locus of political action for women capoeiristas during the pandemic in 2020, based on the case study of Sabrina Silva's Lives. To carry out the analysis, we adopted digital ethnography as a method, which is an adaptation of ethnographic analysis for the study of online cultures, aiming to explore and expand the possibilities through the constant use of digital networks, posting the material collected. With regard to the theoretical framework, we selected, among others, authors who work on issues related to capoeira, such as Nestor Capoeira (1999), Letícia Reis (2000) and Luiz Augusto Leal (2005); authors who discuss social movement relations today, such as Manuel Castells (2014) and Maria da Gloria Gohn (2011); authors who debate issues of gender, race and class, for example Anne McClintock (1995) and Kimberlé Crenshaw (2002); and theorists who discuss the digital ethnography , namely Beatriz Lins, Carolina Parreiras and Eliane Freitas (2020). As a result, it was found that social media was appropriated by women during a period when physical meetings were suspended, in order to spread a struggle so important to the construction of Brazilian culture, thus highlighting the power relations present in capoeira and its possibilities for expanding discussions on the subject and giving it more visibility.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Em todo tempo mulher foi tapete”: a escrevivência de um corpo rebarbado sobre as relações assimétricas de gênero na Assembleia de Deus em Boa Esperança - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-19) COSTA, Thaís de Oliveira; BUENO, Michele Escoura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3126701924384242
This text summarizes part of the results of the research I have been developing since 2018 and focuses on discussions regarding women's leadership in the evangelical church Assembly of God. The institution, founded in 1911, in Belém do Pará, over the years spread to other states outside the Amazon of Pará and is currently present in all Brazilian states. Starting from a colonialist bias, the church built its hierarchy on the sacralization of gender inequality, reserving subservient roles for women, especially black women, and not allowing them to ascend in the ecclesiastical hierarchy. This factor endorses the androcentric stance of the church which, in its 110 years of founding, never consecrated women to positions of ecclesiastical leadership, even though it had a woman as a pioneer in the founding of the church and a majority black female audience. Seeking to develop writing skills, as proposed by Conceição Evaristo, I defined as an “ethnographic research field” the Christian community of which I am a “deviant member”, whose headquarters are in Boa Esperança, in the rural area of the municipality of Santarém, in the west of Pará. More specifically, the work developed through dialogue between the researcher and the members of the Prayer Circle. In short, this text is about how the structures of oppression that act on women's bodies and their subjectivities operate within the church.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Peregrinos da fé na Amazônia urbana: faces do individualismo religioso
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-29) PINTO, Daniel Silva; MORAES JÚNIOR, Manoel Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2429279552706202; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6986-7671
The study of the dynamics of religiosity in modern times, especially on the processes of individual identity construction, indicate more systematic and far-reaching investigations on the effects of modern religious individualism in the configuration of national religious fields; this phenomenon affects the size and measurement of traditional religions such as Christianity and, mainly, how institutionalized religion is affected in its ability to transmit its memory or authorized religious heritage. The analysis of such a phenomenon in Brazil, at its theoretical level, in this work - which could lead to the production of a sociological literature of religion with less focus on institutions and more on the individual in his free transit through the immense national symbolic-religious market - is centered on Danielle Hervieu-Léger's concept of the pilgrim. The figure of the pilgrim would be the symbol of a new religiosity - or could we call it spirituality? - at the beginning of this century, always on the move and with no vocation for traditional religiosity, accustomed to symbolic borders and fixed rituals. In the Amazon, this more fluid and deterritorialized religiosity can be better exemplified and identified in its urban dimension and with more intensity in the groups practicing those generically classified as New Age religions in fusion or hybridity with practices and cosmologies of the Amazonian religious imaginary. Its adherents or practitioners emphasize more a religiosity of personal search or spiritual development in contrast with the traditional religiosities of Christian transcendence. In turn, Christians, Catholics and Evangelicals, do not cease to manifest practices and beliefs hybridized with other symbolic-religious matrices, and even an intense transit, whether internal or endogenous, that is, between the diversity of evangelical denominations, (Pentecostal and Neo-Pentecostal ), or external, exemplified by the double or multiple belongings of Catholics.

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