Dissertações em Zoologia (Mestrado) - PPGZOOL/ICB

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2344

O Mestrado Acadêmico foi criado em 1985 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia (PPGZOOL) do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) foi consolidado como um convênio entre Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aprendizado espaço-tempo no forrageamento de abelhas sem ferrão amazônicas (Apidae, Meliponini)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) JESUS, Thiago Nazareno Conceição Silva de; VENTURIERI, Giorgio Cristino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7180149611727426; CONTRERA, Felipe Andrés León; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3815182976544230
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biologia reprodutiva e alimentar de Liophis reginae semilineatus (Wagler,18424) e Liophis taeniogaster jan, 1863 (Serpentes, Colubridae, Xenodontinae) da Amazônia oriental, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) CASTRO, Luiz Paulo Printes Albarelli de; COSTA, Maria Cristina dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biologia reprodutiva e hábito alimentar de Dendrophryniscus minutus (Melin, 1941)(Amphibia : Bufonidae) na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-06) TRAVASSOS, Alessandra Elisa Melo; GALATTI, Ulisses; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1040132527458660
This study examined reproductive characteristics, nutritional status and feeding habits in the litter anuran Dendrophryniscus minutus through individuals collected in the Estação Cientifica Ferreira Pena, Caxiuanã National Forest from April 1997 to April 1998. In a sample of 166 specimens were measured snout - vent length (SVL), mass of fat bodies, diameter, mass and number of ova in females and testis volume in males. The feeding habit in this species was also determined through analyses of stomach contents. Population structure showed a pattern with most adult individuals, including gravid females, in the rainy months, and juvenile recruitment in the beginning of the dry season. Similarly, the diameter and mass ova in the mar', used as indexes of gonadal development stage, were greater in the rainy season. Among males, the biggest testis volume also appeared in february and april, but there was no evident pattern of correlation to rainfall. Food consumption also did not show any pattern in variation along months and it was not correlated to fat mass. Fat bodies measurements were positively correlated to ova development in females indicating that fat accumulation and gonadal development may occur simultaneously. The diet in specie was composed for ants, termites and mites, terrestrial invertebrates in a great number in a litter in the studied area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição, ecologia e história natural das serpentes de uma região de transição Amazônia - Cerrado, Mato grosso, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) ABE, Pedro Santos; COSTA, Maria Cristina dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
This study aimed to document the composition and natural history of a community of snakes recorded at Tanguro Farm, Querência municipality, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, an area which represents a transition between two major neotropical biomes, Amazonia and Cerrado. Six expeditions to the study site were carried out, resulting in the record of 203 specimens (194 captures), distributed in 34 species, 26 genera and 8 families. An estimate based in the incidence of rare species (Jackknife 1) indicated a total richness of 38 species in the study site, which demonstrate that the inventory was relatively exhaustive. The most abundant species were Caudisona durissa (N=50), Philodryas olfersii (N=15), Philodryas nattereri (N=13), Xenodon rabdocephalus (N=12), Lachesis muta (N=10) e Liophis almadensis (N=10). A Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCO) demonstrated that the taxocenosis are superimposed, revealing a trend to formation of three distinct groups: Amazonia’s, Cerrado´s and Mata Atlantica´s taxocenosis. The species composition at Tanguro Farm was intermediary between the groups formed by Amazonian and Cerrado species, occurring species with wide distribution ranges as well as species restrict to either Amazonia or Cerrado. The pattern of habitat use of the studied taxocenosis is terrestrial, followed by semi-arboreous and fossorial. With regards to the feeding strategies, there are a predominance of generalist snake species. An analysis of ecological groupings showed four functional groups, suggesting that the taxocenosis complexity could be explained by ecological and historical factors.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição, riqueza e abundância de espécies de anfíbios na região do médio rio Xingú
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) LIMA, Amanda André; GALATTI, Ulisses; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1040132527458660
This study aimed to identify the amphibian fauna of different habitats in the region of the Middle Rio Xingu. We selected six sites, with samples taken from three breaths, between November 2007 and March 2008, totaling 48 days. We identified six types of habitats in the region: terra-firme forest, seasonally flooded forest (lowland), banks of the river, "pedral”, pond area and area with antropic disturbance. For data collection were used two field sampling methods: pitfall traps with drift fences and visual surveys. The traps were installed only in areas of terra-firme forest, while visual survey was employed in all types of habitats identified. The sampling resulted in the record of 56 species of amphibians and eight species were identified and recorded in previous studies in the area. Species diversity and richness were higher in Caracol site, where the predominance of the terra-firme forest was observed, and lower in the Ilha Grande, which is dominated by seasonally flooded forest. Nine reproductive modes were recorded in the study area, all found in the terra-firme forest and only three in the "pedral" which may reflect the low environment heterogeneity of this area. Two tests of similarity were performed to compare study sites, one for each method of collection. Similarity analysis of the data from visual surveys showed more similarity for species composition between areas of terra-firme forest than the other habitats. Cluster analysis between this study and other surveys conducted in the Amazon grouped the study area to another area also located in the Middle Xingu.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A comunidade de tubarões (Chondrichthyes : selachii : Galea) da formação pirabas, Neógeno da Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-03-10) COSTA, Sue Anne Regina Ferreira da; RICHTER, Martha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9381228195500524; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986
The shark community (Selachii:Galea) from the Pirabas Formation in one of the most representative of the Neogene in South America due to its high diversity of taxa and range of ecological components. The presence of eight known genera enabled to establish hypothesis about the trophic chain of the vertebrate palaeocommunity, as well as to corroborate previous reconstructions about the paleoenvironmental parameters of this geologic unit. This study dealt with the taxonomic revision of the shark community on both generic and species leveis, allowing the following composition: Carcharhinus spl, Carcharhinus sp2, Carcharhinus sp3, Carcharhinus priscus, Sphyrna magna, Hemipristis serra, Carcharodon megalodon, Isurus sp, Ginglymostoma serra, Ginglymostoma obliquum. The analyses of newly collected specimens and microscopic material allowed a considerable expansion of identified individuals up to 231 teeth. This work is a contribution to refine the knowledge about the regional patterns of shark paleobiogeography.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dieta e uso de hábitat por Physalaemus ephippifer (Steindachner, 1864) (Anura: Leptodactylidae) na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) RODRIGUES, Lenise Chagas; COSTA, Maria Cristina dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dieta, área de uso e transporte de girinos de Ameerega trivittata (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Dendrobatidae) em uma região de floresta de terra firme na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) LUIZ, Luciana Frazão; OLIVEIRA, Selvino Neckel de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1315649023145433; CONTRERA, Felipe Andrés León; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3815182976544230
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A diversidade de mamíferos de médio e grande porte e o potencial desta fauna na regeneração de clareiras artificiais na região do Rio Urucu, Coari, Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) SANTOS, Fernanda da Silva; OLIVEIRA, Ana Cristina Mendes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1199691414821581
The region of Urucu River, in western Brazilian Amazon, is a priority area for conservation due to its species richness and biogeographical importance. In this region activities of oil and natural gas extraction are developed, which results gaps opening in the continuous forest. The objective of this study was to 1) estimate the species richness, composition and abundance of the medium and large-sized mammals community by linear transect, indirect evidences and camera traps; and to 2) record the presence of the mammals species on the gap through camera traps and direct observations, verifying its participation on the gap regeneration process. Additionally, camera traps were also installed in forest to work as control-areas. A total of 40 mammal species were recorded, 25 by linear transect, 16 by indirect evidences, and 15 by camera traps. The species Lagothrix cana was the most abundant by using linear transect, while T. terrestris was the most abundant by using camera traps and indirect evidences. Camera traps sampled seven species in gaps and 14 in forest. The most frequent species sampled in gaps are herbivore-frugivorous. The direct observation in gaps totalized 144 hours, where three species were registered. In gaps, the specie Dasyprocta fuliginosa frequently exhibited behavioral categories “walking” and “stopped”, while the species Tapirus. terrestris and Saguinus pileatus spent more time feeding. Data obtained by monitoring gaps let us to suggest that mammals can play an important role on the regeneration of these areas through the processes of herbivory and dispersal of fruits and seeds.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia alimentar de Saimiri macrodon (Elliot, 1907) (Primates: Cebidae) em floresta de várzea na Amazônia Central
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-20) LAUTON, Denise Costa Rebouças; BAHIA, Marcelo de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627
The availability of fruits in the Amazon floodplain forests is seasonal what demand from frugivorous adaptive strategies to ensure their survival in periods of fruit scarcity. In this scenario we evaluated the diet, activity patterns and the use of space by Saimiri macrodon during periods of higher (aquatic phase) and lower (terrestrial phase) fruit availability in the várzea forest of Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, Brazil. Social units were followed and the behavior of the animals was recorded through scan sampling method within two minutes between eight-minute intervals. Saimiri macrodon presented faunivorous-frugivorous diet, and arthropods were important in the diet during both ecosystem phases (59.5% of the records; N = 899), despite the highest consumption during the terrestrial phase (t = 3.40, df = 41; p = 0.001). In the aquatic phase, S. macrodon consumed an average of 29 fruits more than in the terrestrial phase. Fruits of Ficus species were the most consumed in both phases, demonstrating the relevance of this genus to S. macrodon, especially during the period of greater fruit scarcity. The general activity budget followed the common pattern of squirrel monkeys, with the predominance of travelling (56%) and feeding (23%), and the rest of the records distributed among social interactions (6%) resting (< 1,0%) and others (7,5%). Among the activities, social interactions, resting and food were the only ones that showed a significant difference between the phases, having been both more frequent during the aquatic phase, in which fruit availability is higher. In both phases, S. macrodon occupied the low várzea more often and fed mainly on medium (55.8%) and high (35.8%) forest vertical strata. The results are similar to other studies on squirrel monkeys, which indicate typical genus behavior patterns though, S. macrodon, different of the expected, has used mostly the medium and high strata of the canopy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia comportamental de Alouatta belzebul (Linnaeus, 1766) na Amazônia Oriental sob alteração antrópica de hábitat
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-03-14) CAMARGO, Carolina Cigerza de; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352
The behavioural ecology of two groups of red-handed howler monkeys (Alouatta belzbul) was monitored ou Gennoplasma island (Tucuruí, in the Brazilian state of Pará), between April and September 2004. The two study groups were of similar size and composition, but inhabited different forest types: native forest (group P) and a plantation of native tree species (group Q). Quantitative behavioural data were collected in three-minute scan samples conducted at ten-minute intervals. "AH events" sampling was used to record rare activities such as social and interspecific interactions. Resting was the predominant activity in both groups (P: 67.3%; Q: 61.9%), followed by feeding (P: 15.7%; Q: 21.4%), and locomotion (P: 15.8%; Q: 15.5%). The proportions of the first two categories were significantly different. The diet of both groups was folivorous-frugivorous, supplemented mainly by flowers. No significant seasonal variation was recorded in the diet of either group. The groups occupied home ranges of similar size (P: 5.25 ha; Q: 5.50 ha), although group P travelled 612 m ou average per day, as against 541 m for group Q. Both groups used preferentially their "original" habitat (group P: native forest; group Q: plantation), and the uppermost forest strata. Interspecific interactions were pacific, and social interactions were rare. The results of the present study present greater similarities with those of A. belzebul studies carried out in fragments of Atlantic Forest than at other Amazonian sites (continuous forest). This suggests that habitat disturbance may be a more important determinant of behaviour patterns than the characteristics of the biome. Overall, the results of the present study conicide with the typical Alouatta patterns of behaviour described in the literature.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia de culicídeos vetores de febre amarela silvestre em relação ao microclima na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã-Melgaço-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) PINTO, Claudeth de Souza; MASCARENHAS, Bento Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3279744837272788; CONFALONIERI, Ulisses Eugênio Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0960107425984526
The species vectors of yellow fever are distributed, in the Americas, in the genera Haemagogus and Sabethes. The culicidae have their blood-sucking activities influenced both by endogenous and exogenous factors, such as the responses to microclimatic factors. The micoclimate and the stratification of the mosquito hosts are the main determinants for the occupation of ecological niches by culicids in the tropical forests. This study was developed in the micrometeorological tower of the Caxiuanã National Forest, in the municipality of Melgaço, State of Pará, Brazil. The aims were to analyse the vertical distribution of the species vectors of yellow fever in relation to microclimate in the dense upland forest, from July 2005 to April 2006, at ground level and in platforms at 8m, 16m and 30 meters. Collections were made for 12-hour periods, both at night and during the day, with the use of human attractors. Temperature and humidity records were made at all heights where the collections were made and the precipitation was measured at the top of the tower. A total of 25,498 specimens of culicids were collected, among which 1028 were from the genus Haemagogus and 502 from Sabethes, captured during daytime. The species of Sabethes and Haemagogus janthinomys were found mostly at the canopy level, especially at the heights of 16 and 30 meters, while Haemagogus leucocelaenus was more frequent in the ground. The rainiest months were associated to the greatest number of specimens of the different species but this was not statistically significant. However, there was a significant relationship between temperature, relative humidity and the number of yellow fever vectors collected.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia de cuxiús (Chiropotes Satanas) na Amazônia oriental: perspectivas para a conservação de populações fragmentadas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-10-04) SANTOS, Ricardo Rodrigues dos; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352
Found throughout much of Brazilian Amazonia, the bearded sakis (Chiropotes albinasus and Chiropotes satanas) are primates specialised for seed predation. In order to delineate activity patterns and the exploitation of dietary resources, two social groups (10 and B4) of C. satanas were monitored between July and November, 2001, at the reservoir of the Tucurui hydroelectric power station in the state of Pará. Group 1G (C.s. utahicki), with 24 members, occupies an island of 100 ha, whereas group B4 (C. s. satanas), with 27 members, inhabits an area of continuous forest, both protected by Eletronorte S.A. Quantitative behavioural data were collected in scan samples, with a 5 min interval, collected continuously during five days per month. Complementary observations were recorded in ad libitum fashion throughout the study period, which started in April. A total of 5490 reords were collected for group 1G (only the feeding behaviour of group B4 was analysed here), distributed between feeding (58,8%), locomotion (30,8%), rest (9,5%) and other activities (0,9%). These proportions varied considerably between months. One hundred and ten plant species were exploited by the sakis. As expected, seeds were the main dietary item in both cases (group 1G: 75,6%, n = 2721 records; group B4: 49,6%, n = 1865). Remaining dietary items included flowers, fruit, leaf shoots and the mesocarp of palm fruits, although insectivory was not observed. Similar variation in the consumption of different items was observed in the two groups between September and November. Taxonomic diversity of the diet of group 1G was greater than that of B4, as was its home range (100 vs. 57 ha). No systematic variation was found in foraging party size. The results of the study indicate that the remnant populations of bearded sakis in the region's fragmented landscape have good long-term potential for conservation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia trófica e reprodutiva de Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis (Daudin, 1802) (Hylidae, Phyllomedusinae) na Amazônia Oriental, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) SILVA FILHO, Heriberto Figueira da; COSTA, Maria Cristina dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia, comportamento e associações poliespecíficas do macaco-de-cheiro (Saimiri sciureus), Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) MAGALHÃES, Tatyana Pinheiro; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecomorfologia de três espécies de Dipsas Laurenti, 1768 e Sibynomorphus Fitzinger, 1843 (Dipsadidae: Dipsadinae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) SANTOS, Marina Meireles dos; MARTINS, Marlúcia Bonifácio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8882047165338427; PRUDENTE, Ana Lúcia da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1008924786363328
Ecological factors such as the use of the environment and feeding habits may influence the body and cephalic morphology of an organism, however, this can also reflect the phylogenetic lineage. The subfamily Dipsadinae includes South American snakes formed by two clades, one including Geophis and Atractus and another including Dipsas, Ninia, Sibon and Sibynomorphus, which are the tribe Dipsadini. The snakes of this tribe show a high degree of modification in their body and cephalic morphology wich is related to the environment and malacophagous feeding habits. The species of Dipsas and Sibon have specializations related to the use of arboreal environment, offering a better performance in locomotion in the vegetation, while the Sibynomorphus species are mostly adapted to terrestrial environment. Regarding their feeding habits they posses, in varying degrees, a number of changes related to cranial modification and to manipulation and ingestion of gastropods such as slugs and snails. Whereas there is a direct relationship between the shape of the head and the diet, this study aims to analyze the divergences of cephalic morphology between species of diet related to Dipsas and Sibynomorphus, as well as analyze possible convergences between species of these genera and Tomodon dorsatus, species of the tribe Tachymenini, recognized as specialized in slugs. This study is structured in two parts: the first refers to the general introduction, where a broad approach on the morphological adaptations related to feeding habits of Dipsadini, as well as the advantages of the use of geometric morphometry technique in morphological studies; and the second part refers to the work itself, titled "Ecomorphology of three species of Dipsas Laurenti, 1768 and Sibynomorphus Fitzinger, 1843 (Dipsadidae: Dipsadinae)".
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da conversão de floresta amazônica de terra firme em plantação de palma de dendê (Elaeis guineensis jacq.) sobre a fauna de mamíferos de médio e grande porte
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) MARIA, Susanne Lúcia Silva de; OLIVEIRA, Ana Cristina Mendes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1199691414821581
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da fragmentação florestal sobre a estrutura da comunidade de drosofilídeos (Diptera) no extremo sul da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-02-28) SANTOS, Ronildon Miranda dos; MARTINS, Marlúcia Bonifácio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8882047165338427
Ambient disturbances frequently produce changes in the structure of landscape and fauna diversity. Data about degradation's history, ambient structure and species have been collected in 30 forest fragments of different sizes in Alta Floresta and Apiacás towns, south of the Amazonia, to verify how Drosophilidae community answers to forest fragmentation. The results showed great heterogeneity between forest fragments; however diversity was similar between larger and best conserved and small with high degree of degradation. A total of 10.692 individuals of Drosophilidae, divided in 62 taxons, were collected. Relation between forest fragments size and species diversity was not observed. However, e opening of sub-forest was one of ambient variables that contributed the more to reduction of species diversity. Estimate of species richness for the region was around 100. The structure of abundance of communities was more similar between the forest fragments than species composition. About 34% of total richness was restricted to de forest edge and 19% to the center of the remnants; 47% of the species was common to both habitats. Some species of drosophilids answered to a distance gradient forest matrix-center. D. malerkoffiana, S. latifasciaefonnis and Z. indianus decreased their frequencies with the proximity of the center. On the other hand, the group willistoni increased in abundance. The main effect of the forest spalling on the community of drosophílids is the drastic alteration in species composition, with the matrix of the habitat being determinative in species composition of forest fragments.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da monocultura da palmeira de dendê (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) sobre a fauna de primatas na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-25) MINEIRO, Ivo Gabriel Barros; OLIVEIRA, Ana Cristina Mendes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1199691414821581
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do plantio de dendê sobre a diversidade funcional de aves na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-29) SILVA, Larissa Cardoso; SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7941154223198901
Oil palm plantations (Elaeis guineenses, Jacq.) are among the fastest growing agricultural practices in the world, and are among the most disturbing in the landscape in tropical regions and are known to affect species diversity. In this sense, we evaluated the functional diversity of birds in 11 points of palm plantation, 11 in permanent preservation areas (APP), which are portions of ciliary forest that includes the margins of water courses with a width of 10m to 30m of each Side of the stream, and 11 in adjacent forest fragments in the eastern Amazon. To evaluate the effect of palm plantations on the functional diversity (DF) of birds, three functional metrics, functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve) and functional divergence (FDiv) were calculated. To test the response of functional characteristics to environmental conditions, we used RLQ ordering analysis. We recorded 269 bird species, 52 species recorded in palm plantations, 158 in APP and 203 in forest fragments. The FRic was lower in palm plantations when compared to APP and forest fragments. However, the APP did not differ from the forest fragments. Functional evenness did not differ between treatments and the functional divergence was shown to be higher in forest fragments compared to APP and palm. However, there was no difference between palm and APP. The RLQ analysis showed a relationship between traces and environmental variables. This decline in functional diversity shows that the loss of forest species has not been offset by the addition of new, disease tolerant species. We emphasize the importance of the maintenance and preservation of forest fragments and riparian forests (APP) in agricultural areas, and that this is a good conservation strategy within highly endangered regions, such as the Eastern Amazon.