Dissertações em Agriculturas Amazônicas (Mestrado) - PPGAA/INEAF

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2307

O Mestrado em Agriculturas Amazônicas teve início em 1996 anteriormente Curso de Mestrado em Agriculturas Familiares e Desenvolvimento Sustentável e reconhecido em 2000 pela CAPES e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agriculturas Amazônicas (PPGAA) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). É um curso interinstitucional, sendo sua oferta responsabilidade do Instituto Amazônico de Agriculturas Familiares - INEAF da UFPA e da EMBRAPA/CPATU – Amazônia Oriental.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ação coletiva e meios de vida: análise das transformações operadas pela Cooperativa dos Pequenos Produtores Agroextrativistas de Lago do Junco (Coppalj) em comunidades do Médio Mearim, MA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-26) NASCIMENTO, Aline Souza; PORRO, Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2282097420081043
The search for better living conditions and commercialization of production led to the emergence of the Cooperative of Small Agroextractive Producers of Lago do Junco (Coppalj), which, since its emergence, has contributed to improve social reproduction conditions for its subjects, through a combination of a range of social, economic and environmental resources, that allow them to guard against lack of opportunities, poverty and marginalization resulting from social injustices. The work seeks to identify the transformations in local livelihoods derived from the combination of strategies adopted by Coppalj and the perceptions of members and non-members about its effectiveness, as well as its contribution to the construction of self-management, peasant autonomy and productive and technological diversification within its territory. The study is based on bibliographic and documentary consultation, combined with semi-structured and interactive interviews in communities where Coppalj operates. It demonstrates how, with its policy of valuing agricultural and extractive production, the cooperative collaborated for the emergence of new perspectives and the increase in families‟ access to income. It also highlights the actions taken by peasants during agrarian conflicts, which resulted in the creation of organizations that have played an important role in guaranteeing their rights, and the contribution of actions of the Catholic Church to peasant political organization in the Mearim Valley.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ação coletiva e Sistemas Agroflorestais na comunidade São Manoel, Quilombo Jambuaçu, Moju/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-06-15) ANDREATA, Helton Kania; MOTA, Dalva Maria da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4129724001987611; SCHWARTZ, Gustavo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0774787368316223
The Agroforestry Systems (SAF) can be used as a means of forest recovery and are interesting due to their diversity of products and the sustainability of the system, mainly in the Northeast of Pará, which has a predominance of secondary forests, popularly called “capoeiras”, areas which can be used for its implementation. The aim of the study was to analyze the relation between Collective Action and SAF in the São Manoel community, in the municipality of Moju, Pará state. The survey data were collected in the years 2018 and 2019, with the main instruments used being historical, open and semi-structured interviews with farmers and main leaders in the community. The data are predominantly qualitative and the procedures to summarize were the transcription of the interviews, with the creation of tables and vertical and horizontal analyzes of the speeches. The community of São Manoel is a small rural village with a history of struggling against large companies to maintain its territory and whose main source of income is native açaí. Land titling is collective and the main issues of resource management are discussed with the Quilombola Association of Farmers of São Manoel, which also has other duties, such as discussing the issue of security, community organization, improving income sources, in addition to legal representation in different instances. The results shows that the SAF arrived in the community in 2015, taken by one of the farmers (who has agricultural training), and had great repercussions after the community verify the success of the system in São Manoel. The working group who has the SAF is composed of 15 people, who work from the plants nursery to the implantation of areas through the collective effort. They have a differentiated system of implantation of SAF, when carrying out the management of capoeira in order to use it as an input for plant nutrition. Three different types were found among the SAF of São Manoel, varying in the number of species in the system, being cupuaçu, cocoa, açaí and banana the main species implanted. The data show that the SAF had a good acceptance among farmers because the system was brought by one of the members of the community, which has also had repercussions in other communities in the Jambuaçu Territory. Collective action was fundamental to the success of SAF, since most farmers reported that they would not be able to implement their areas alone, reason why this community strength was essential for the success of a system which aims to generate income through diversification of production, resignifying the territory with their occupation through productive conservation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A adoção de práticas agroecológicas por camponeses: estudo de caso no oeste maranhense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-24) SÁNCHEZ COUTO, Xoán Carlos; ALVES, Lívia de Freitas Navegantes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337509239539346
Agroecology has been defined as a science, a social movement and a set of alternative practices. Here we examine the last two dimensions. In order to study the social organization of Brazilian agroecology we used the political process theory, finding evidence that the Brazilian agroecological movement meets the requirements of this theoretical proposal for being considered as a social movement. In a second paper we focus on the problems surrounding technologies’ adoption by peasants in Western Maranhão. From a systems approach of the farm and through the construction of a typology of the production systems found in this region, we analyze the difficulties related to the adoption of agroecology, seen as a technical change from exogenous origin. Thus, we conducted participant observation, participatory rural appraisal and semi-structured interviews in 38 peasant families in three rural communities. We also explored the opportunity of integration between agroecology and the dynamics of transformation of production systems, as an endogenous innovation process. In the third paper we apply the concepts of strategy and tactics to peasants’ decision making about adoption of agroecological practices. Focusing on those who have chosen the farm diversification strategy, we find a variety of diversification strategies and that criteria used for strategic decision making are different from those applied for tactical decisions. In a fourth paper we try to understand the motivations of family farmers in Western Maranhão to make their productive and technological choices, understanding the historical decisive factors for the differentiation of production systems, which caused only some of them had the opportunity to join the agroecological practices. Through retrospective analysis, we identified two transformation vectors, contributing to family farmers deem different answers to the same influences from the environment. External variables, attached to productive family decisions, influence the historical path of the farms. We found that not always the promotion of agroecology is consistent with peasant families’ logic. However, effective technical support and permanent interest groups about this innovation, perform an environment in which peasants feel more confident to adopt agroecological practices.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agrobiodiversidade e as relações de trocas entre agricultores familiares que possuem sistemas agroflorestais na região de Itabocal, Irituia (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-04-30) SANTOS, Tasseli Figueiredo dos; STEWARD, Angela May; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6123114287861055
This research project deals withthe processes of local knowledge, seedlings and seeds exchange among family farmers and the influences of these processes on the advancement of Agroforestry Systems (SAFs) and local agrobiodiversity. The project aims to analyze the dynamics local knowledge, seedling and seed exchange among farmers who have SAFs in Itabocal (Irituia-PA) region and their influences on local agrobiodiversity. Data collection was based on field research, in which an exploratory study of the area was carried out and visits were made to family farmers; at this time semi-structured interviews and/or a semi-open-ended questionnaires were conducted and accompanied by a guided tour. Afterwards, a sketch of the study area was presented to the farmers for them to indicate exchange relationships. Research results are described in three topics: the first deals with SAFs and the dynamics of seed and/or seedling exchange, describing the process of the advance of SAFs in the region and the role of the D'Irituia cooperative in this process. In relation to the exchange of seedlings and/or seeds, research showed that there is an intense flow of these materials between farmers and also outside the region at the municipal level, occurring during farmers' fairs, when they visit neighbors or family members, and during meetings or gatherings of cooperative farmers. The second topic deals with local knowledge, exchange and its relationship with technical-scientific knowledge, revealing that local knowledge is formed by the accumulation of cultural experiences, specifically with years of work and learning from older subjects combined with technical-scientific knowledge obtained from institutions. Therefore, the exchange of knowledge occurs both between farmers and between technicians or researchers through orality, being important to understand solidarity and reciprocity as bases for improving planting and production. The third topic deals with local agro-biodiversity from the formation of SAFs, revealing a diversity of 81 (eighty-one) species distributed in 45 (forty-five) botanical families, 59.8% for food use and 24.4% for wood use. In this sense, the processes knowledge seedling and seed exchange are fundamental for the advance of the SAFs in the region and have contributed significantly to the maintenance and management of local agrobiodiversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agrobiodiversidade e conhecimentos locais das plantas alimentícias no quilombo de Deus Ajude, Arquipélago do Marajó – Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09-08) BEZERRA, Sueyla Malcher; SABLAYROLLES, Maria das Graças Pires; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0250972497887101; SILVA, Luis Mauro Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7285459738695923
In this study, we seek to analyze the traditional knowledge and practices associated with agrobiodiversity of food plants, as well as the constitution of sovereignty and food autonomy in the production of two non Quilombo of Deus Ajude, Salvaterra, Pará state, Brazil. For the development of the research, we used a qualitative and quantitative approach. Regarding the methodological procedure, we opted for the case study, participant observation, non-directive identification, questionnaires, free lists, collection and identification of botanical material. Data analysis was carried out by systematizing information collected and by the vertical and horizontal analysis of interviews, data triangulation and Cognitive Salience Index. Results showed that the traditional knowledge of the Quilombola community regarding plant foods is constituted through their daily relationship between the community and nature, as well as through the continuous exchange of knowledge between different generations. Amazonian seasonality has revealed itself as a regulator of the plurality of productive activities throughout the year, and these are carried out through a symbiotic relationship, where both nature and the Quilombo are sustained. In addition, the representative foods of the Marajoara Quilombo, such as beiju, cação, tiborna, cunhapira and crueira, become one of the ways of maintaining the Quilombo's agrobiodiversity. On the other hand, the limitations of access to the territory of common use, the impositions of the farmes around the Quilombo, and the influences of capitalist market that promote changes in the way food is obtained and on the eating habits of quilombolas are evident. Therefore, the valorization of Quilombola culture and its way of life becomes an ally for the preservation of traditional knowledge and practices, as well as the managed of agrobiodiversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agrobiodiversidade, conhecimentos e práticas tradicionais sobre plantas alimentícias na comunidade quilombola do Jacarequara, Santa Luzia do Pará, Nordeste Paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-09) ALVES, Ellem Suane Ferreira; FITA, Didac Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4290251127696280
The present study analyzes the role of agrobiodiversity and traditional knowledge and practices related to food plants and how they influence the promotion of food and nutrition sovereignty and security (SSAN) in the quilombola community of Jacarequara, in Santa Luzia do Pará, Pará. For that, methods were used, with observation techniques, semi-structured interviews, participants, guided tour and free list. The data obtained were tabulated and systematized to proceed with data triangulation, in addition to calculating the citation frequency and the Cognitive Salience Index (ISC) of the food plants inventoried. The results showed that productive practices such as the cultivation of homegardens, the extractivism of açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru Mart.), fishing and hunting are the food base and a means of income generation. Important traditional knowledge is linked to these practices, where knowledge is built by the constant exchange between the quilombolas, across generations, and has as its core the dynamics of the natural environment that surrounds them. It was observed that seasonality influences the productive dynamics and the agricultural calendar of the community, always considering the relationship between the quilombolas and nature. The botanical inventory cataloged 140 food ethnospecies, with emphasis on the families Euphorbiaceae (27), Arecaceae (12), Musaceae (10) and Rutaceae (9). Among the food plants with the highest ISC, açaí, banana (Musa paradisiaca L.), mandioca/macaxeira (Manihot esculenta Crantz), coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), acerola (Malpighia glabra L.), bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.) and orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbe). Twenty-seven ethnovarieties of M. esculenta were cataloged, demonstrating its fundamental importance for the diet of the quilombolas, being composed of manioc and tapioca flour, beiju, manicueira, tucupi, among other foods. However, the advance of pasture areas on farms around the community and adherence to food habits outside the community imposed by capitalism, marked by the increase in consumption of processed foods mainly by children and young quilombolas, reflects changes and risks to food. These factors lead to a new food reality, which can also interfere with their permanence in the quilombo, income generation, respect for the quilombola way of life and the appreciation of traditional knowledge and practices existing and maintained there.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agropecuária dos Produtores Familiares Irituienses e o potencial de extratos de plantas medicinais no manejo de pragas e doenças do maracujazeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) SILVA, Clenilda Tolentino Bento da; ISHIDA, Alessandra Keiko Nakasone; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756162526907626; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6021-185X; LEMOS, Walkymário de Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6841621785311887; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1608-9551
The present study aimed to broaden the knowledge of the productive systems, the social, economic and cultural aspects of the affiliates the Agricultural Cooperative of Family Farmers Irituienses (Irituia-PA), evaluating the effect of alcoholic extracts of medicinal plants grown by farmers on the in vitro growth of passion fruit culture of pathogens and reduce the severity of spot in the greenhouse as well as evaluate the potential of insecticide extracts on larvae of Tenebrio molitor L. 1758. In the survey, we used taped interviews and guided by previously structured questionnaires. It was noted that agriculture is the main economic activity for the cooperative, hand-to-work is familiar and the production system is based on temporary and perennial crops, fish farming, setting up small animals, in addition to the recovery work and preservation of native forest. The main medicinal plants grown by farmers are: basil (Ocimum gratissimum L.), aloe (Aloe vera L.), boldo-the-kingdom (Plectranthus barbatus Andrews), holy grass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf), d'vine garlic (Mansoa alliaceae Gentry) coramina (Pedilanthus tithymaloides Port), lemon balm (Lippia alba (Mill) NEBrown.), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.), ginger (Zingiber officinalis Rosc.), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), mastruz (Chenopodium ambrosioides L .), neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) and hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). To evaluate the antifungal effect on mycelial growth in vitro of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated passion fruit, alcoholics extracts were added to the culture medium (PDA) melting, 55 ° C at 1%. After solidification of the culture medium on the plates, they were deposited a fungus mycelium disk about 8 mm in diameter in the center of each plate. The control did not receive the treatment. Mycelial growth was assessed daily with the aid of a digital caliper until than the fungus one of treatments reached the ends of the plate. The experimental setup was completely randomized with 15 treatments and five repetitions. In the evaluation of the antibacterial effect on the growth of X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae the extracts were added to the medium 523 at a 1% concentration at 55 ° C. After the solidification of medium, it is deposited 100 L of bacterial suspension which is spread with the aid of a Drigalski handle. The plates were incubated for 48 h at 28 ° C and the experimental setup was completely randomized. The evaluation was conducted by counting the colony-forming units (CFU) on the plates. In the in vivo test, the extracts at 1% were applied in passion fruit plants with 2-3 pairs of true leaves three days before the pathogen inoculation. The experimental setup was randomized blocks with 16 treatments and five repetitions. The evaluation was 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days after inoculation, copper oxychloride was used as the control treatment. In both trials the data were submitted to analysis of variance and the statistical analysis was performed by the Scott & Knott test (1974) using the statistical program SISVAR. It was found that all extracts have antifungal potential and, eucalyptus extract reduced the mycelial growth of all fungi studied with results between 21.06 to 51.73%. While the lemon balm, eucalyptus, garlic d'vine, mastruz, neem, aloe and vinegar extracts inhibited the growth of X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae from 15.35 to 30.3%. In greenhouse of Boldo-do-kingdom, coramina, ginger, neem, eucalyptus extracts and copper oxychloride promoted reducing the severity of bacterial spot between 27.24 and 53.86%. The evaluation of potential pesticide was used two methods, contact and topical application on larvae of Tenebrio molitor. In effect by contact of the contaminated surface, filter paper discs were impregnated with 700 μl of crude extracts for topical application route was used 3 μl extract applied to each larva. Which were held in camera of BOD, at 25 ± 2 ° C, relative humidity of 70% and photoperiod of 12 hours. The experimental setup was completely randomized with 18 treatments and four replications evaluated daily. After 10 days it was found that contaminated surface in the extracts did not show insecticidal properties. However, the extracts, when topically applied, promoted mortality between 50 and 100%, demonstrating biocide effect against T. molitor larvae in the laboratory. In conclusion, Cooperative D'Irituia plays an important role in economic, social and cultural development of farmers. The adoption process of agro-ecological practices is occurring gradually. Based on the results obtained it can be inferred that the extracts of medicinal plants studied in this research, in addition to insecticide potential, they possess promising substances potentially that can be used as an alternative control in the management of bacterial and fungal diseases on passion fruit.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise sistêmica da biodiversidade de sistemas agroflorestais (SAF) de agricultores familiares em Tomé Açu, PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-03-30) OLIVEIRA NETO, Mário Morais; GERARD, Blanc Lilian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0310835136618539; ALVES, Lívia de Freitas Navegantes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337509239539346
This research followed the principles of two sciences for the elaboration of this dissertation: a forest ecology and a systemic approach. Seeking to integrate the complexity of family farmers with the richness and floristic diversity of SAF. Aiming, in general, to analyze, from a systemic approach, as possibilities of balance between ecological and socioeconomic factors of Agroforestry Systems (SAF) of family families from Tomé Açu, PA. Thus generating two chapters in the form of a scientific article with the following objectives: to examine the socioeconomic factors that influence the floristic diversity of agroforestry systems (SAF) of family families in the municipality of Tomé-Açu, PA; and analyze how family farmers' practices are able to favor the diversity and floristic richness of agroforestry systems in Tomé Açu, PA. The existence of outlier farmers was found in the correlation analysis, which they are, demonstrated the possibility of a system with high floristic diversity and that is profitable for them. The differential for these farmers reached such a resource that it was reached with a high number of spontaneous species (natural regeneration), but with an even greater number of fruit species for the supri-financial power. A different type of SAF was found, different from the others, called SAF with corridors of natural regeneration. It demonstrates a possibility of a balance between ecological and socioeconomic factors. For, even though it is a highly rich and diverse SAF, in floristic terms, it also provides the means of economic resilience for family members. Thus, the SAF with natural regeneration brokers is recommended for other family farmers who live in situations similar to those used here.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Antes a gente tinha um rio, agora a gente tem um lago: a construção do território ribeirinho às margens do reservatório do CHE Belo Monte
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-03-27) GRAÇA, Denise da Silva; SANTOS, Sônia Maria Simões Barbosa Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2136454393021407
The construction of hydroelectric power plants causes a process of deterritorialization and reterritorialization of traditional communities. This work aims to analyse the construction of the riverside territory, i.e., the ways used to reconstruct living in a destroying environment, post-installation of CHE Belo Monte. Therefore, a case study was carried out in the locality of Palhal, on the banks of the main reservoir, in the municipality of Altamira, in Pará, using participant observation and interviews. Riverside families have been through a violent process of compulsory displacement, full of human rights violations. Thus, the families were looking for ways to denounce and to recover the traditional way of life and that starts a movement which culminated in the creation of the riverside territory. The beginning of construction of the new territory has been marked, mainly, by the new attribution of meanings to the space; by the updates of traditional knowledge to appropriate the new environment; by the for the reconstruction of parentage networks and reciprocity; and by the use of moral values to regulate access to the scarce natural resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do uso sustentável da água na produção agrícola: impacto da inserção de sistemas agroflorestais em unidades produtivas familiares do Nordeste Paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) VANZIN, Mariana Menezes; KATO, Osvaldo Ryohei; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4241891652832872; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-9227
The inclusion of technical innovations in rural areas changes the survival mode of the farmer and the productive dynamics, reflected the logic of family farming advantage environmental and socioeconomic impacts. In this context, the use of water in the agricultural production process illustrates these impacts, the implications of which put to the test sustainability through duality: rational demand and the appropriate quality of water resources, surface (use of river water); or underground (use of well water). Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the sustainable use of water in the production process of family production units (FPU) that have implemented agroforestry system (AFS) as a technical innovation. The FPU investigated are inserted in the municipalities of Igarape-Açu and Marapanim, northeastern Para state, members of Earth Roots project, funded by Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. Therefore, we adopted as initial hypothesis that the insertion of AFS must offer minimally adequate quality and rational use of water used in the production process as well as providing positive impacts on the environmental dimension, social and economic. In this sense, the methodology was drawn from the three stages of compliance: (I) characterization of water use, a questionnaire of open type being applied to identify: funding source and intended use; and perceived by the farmer on scarcity, grants and quality; (II) application of Ambitec-Agro system, the final product was impact factors in the environmental, social, economic; (III) establishing and quantifying impact coefficients in the quantity and quality of water, with the inclusion and analysis of physical and chemical parameters, bacteriological and Salmonella. Verification of the initial hypothesis was checked by a t-test. The features most of the FPU were the underground source of water abstracted is used in the production process and for their own consumption, from the pumping of groundwater wells; even without the science of grant, some farmers did derivations and natural course of the bus of the rivers that cross their properties, and frequent drought period may reflect these actions. In general, farmer's perception of the quality was associated with color, odor and taste. Applied Ambitec-Agro system, FPU indicated positive impacts in all dimensions; however, negative impacts on the environmental dimension were verified in the UPF. The amount of the impact coefficient was negative in all FPU, suggesting that there was an unreasonable demand for water. The presence of Salmonella in some FPU contributed to the impact coefficient as has classified water as minimally adequate. Although the initial hypothesis has been rejected, indicating an irrational demand and inadequate water quality; AFS insert the was not associated as an untenable alternative. Thus, unreasonable demand was due to increased water consumption for irrigation due to a decrease in the area of cultivation, since volumes of water after the AFS remained constant. The inadequacy of water quality was directly related to some FPU still used pesticides and use of fire; and have watering livestock and nearby toilets funding sources of water.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Bem viver vivido, conquistado e almejado: um estudo sobre comunidades tradicionais que lutam por reconhecimento territorial na Baixada Maranhense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-29) BRITO, Ciro de Souza; SHIRAISHI NETO, Joaquim; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1945327707689415; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3982338546545478
The notion of buen vivir emerges inspired by the knowledge emanating from the ways of life of indigenous peoples of Latin America, being presented by academics and militants as an alternative to the models of achievement of the State based on the hegemonic proposals of development. Since its incorporation into the constitutional order of Bolivia and Ecuador, on the basis of this notion, nature has been elevated to the position of subject of rights, historically occupied only by human beings. In this notion, there is an intrinsic relation between human beings and nature, and a strong linkage of traditional peoples and communities to their territories. In this sense, this dissertation sought to analyze the notion of buen vivir in the light of a land regularization case for traditional peoples and communities in Brazil. It is a claim for regularization as a quilombo by traditional communities of the Sesmaria do Jardim Territory, in the Baixada Maranhense, an area of natural fields that are composed of dry lands and wetlands inserted in the Environmental Protection Area of Baixada Maranhense, which is considered a site under the Ramsar Convention. The research was carried out based on a critical review of the literature in the light of observed and participated empirical processes and by means of action research with the communities involved and with the land agency that formalizes the process of land regularization. The work has a juridical and anthropological approach, has a qualitative character and was carried out from July 2016 to January 2018, with field work in the villages and in the Institute of Colonization and Lands of Maranhão. It was identified a complex link between the process and the form of land regularization with the notion of buen vivir, given the diversity of traditional groups in situation of conflict in common territory. It was learned that, on the same territory, there are groups with different conceptions on how to live on shared lands and water bodies: while self-identified Quilombolas conceive the notion of buen vivir based on commons, while others reject this notion and its consequences. These antagonists, even those with shared ancestrality, do not share the notion of buen vivir based on common use of certain components of nature, because their practices and forms of private appropriation of nature disqualify and are incompatible with this notion. This creates conflicts that have forced traditional communities to mobilize in the face of violations of rights and to find solutions that will allow them to recover the so called time of buen vivir and to guarantee their right to land - dry and flooded lands - that allows their physical and social reproduction. The case investigated showed that buen vivir is constructed from the articulation of specific territorialities, in which distinct conceptions and forms of appropriation of nature can be responsible for breaking the cohesion of community and territory, although the traditional communities can cope with certain degree of dissent based on the right to difference. The study also shows that buen vivir has being built at daily basis, through social and juridical practices that embrace resistance as current practice and freedom as a desired stage. However, buen vivir, in the discourse, is viewed as a potential better future. The research aims to problematize and better qualify who and in what situation subjects have rights to have which rights and the effectiveness of that issue. This dissertation is, therefore, a reading and a reflection about social and localized processes as emerging alternatives for the attainment of lived, participated and conquered buen vivir.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comercialização como fator de mudança nas práticas de produtores de leite do município de Paragominas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) SILVA, Rozangela Sousa da; ALVES, Lívia de Freitas Navegantes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337509239539346
The dairy farming dynamics developed in the agrarian frontier in Eastern Amazon, especially the municipality of Paragominas, northeastern region of Pará state, it’s characterized by strong transformations of the natural environment as the sale of land-use rights, the establishment of pastures and the strong migratory influence from the southern and Midwest states of the country. To make the development policy of the Brazilian Amazon integration possible , the municipality of Paragominas comes up with the construction of the highway BR -14 , known as the highway Belém- Brasília, bringing perspectives of road- territorial integration from the Amazon to the other states of the Federation, providing the Amazon occupation. In recent years, however, significant changes are occurring in Paragominas related to the family farming with the implementation of public policies, rescuing the mixed or dairy farming as an alternative to generate significant and regular income throughout the year. The family farmers insertion in the dairy production chain introduces a new marketing logic, and changes to the production systems. These producers will invest in their production continuously, considering more than a food supply to their families or as a living savings. The general objective of this Master's dissertation was to identify and analyze the different ways of dairy production and its influence to the family farmers’ practices from the municipality of Paragominas, in the Pará State. This work was developed over the years 2013, 2014 and 2015 using: secondary data analysis; researching primary information with field surveys and application of questionnaires with semi-structured questions; preparation of typologies; and retrospective interviews based in the Moulin Method (2005), which is the study of rural transformation through the identification and interpretation of technical, economic and social changes occurred in terms of production systems as in the study area. Based on studies conducted about dairy farming with farmers from this municipality, it is found a change caused by these factors in their production systems, leading prospects of better investment, market insertion and improvement of quality of life. This change is due to external factors as migration, the dairy production structure, commercialization of products, and the recent sanitary inspections that occurred in the city
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A comida que vem da mata: aspectos etnoecológicos da caça em uma comunidade quilombola da Reserva Extrativista Ipaú-Anilzinho (Amazônia, Brasil)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) FIGUEIREDO, Rodrigo Augusto Alves de; BARROS, Flávio Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4706140805254262
This work presents some appearances related to the use of the wild animals in alimentary practices by habitants of Vila of Joana Peres, a community quilombola of the Reserva Extrativista (RESEX) Ipaú-Anilzinho (Pará, Brazil), tackling: ethno-species used, alimentary preferences, alimentary security, strategies of obtaining of the food, political conditions and partner-environmental. The theoretical contribution of the investigation is associated to the field of the ethnoecology, wrapping authors like Descola, Victor Toledo and other theorists that developed anthropological studies around the relation man and animal in the Amazônia. The methodological procedures wrapped mainly the observation participant, open interviews and semi-structured, and the results were analysed from the qualitative and quantitative perspectives. The work revealed that the activity of hunting wraps so many nutritional appearances how much socioculturales in the plan of reproduction of the families, that, from his ways to eat and organize the space, establish diverse relations with the foods connected to the uses, habits, imaginary, symbolic and economic and environmental infrastructure, between others.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“ Um conhecido estranho ”: transformações no lugar de morada e nas relações de sociabilidade sob influência da dendeicultura na vila Forquilha, Tomé-Açu/Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-10-30) COSTA, Raquel de Jesus; MOTA, Dalva Maria da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4129724001987611
This dissertation deals with the themes of changes in the place of home and sociability between old and new residents, the latter attracted by the possibility of working in oil palm. Thus, the general objective is to analyze the transformations in the place of residence and the sociability relations under the condition of the influx of new residents to work as salaried workers in the oil palm industry in the village Forquilha in Tomé-Açu / PA. It is a case study, using quantitative and qualitative approaches with literature review and secondary data collection. Semi-structured and non-directive interviews were conducted with residents of vila Forquilha, 46 with people who have lived longer (“those from here”) and 51 who recently arrived motivated by wages (“from outside”). Observations were made in the field about people and the place, considering what happened related to the way of living, the sociability relations, the physical structures and the meanings of the place of residence. The main conclusions show that the changes were not only in the structure of the village, but also in the working relationships and sociability between the different groups. There was an expansion in the village area, an increase in population and changes in infrastructure and social organization. The interactions also changed due to the arrival of people to work, mostly young men who migrated more than once in search of wages. As a result, there are three types of social interaction: between residents “from here”; between “outside” residents and; between both residents. It is noticeable an interaction with greater fluidity in the coexistence between the same type of resident, however, between one type and the other it is superficial and sociability becomes more difficult due to differences.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cooperativa Agroleiteira Transamazônica (COOPETRA): fatores que influenciam na sua persistência
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) FARIAS, Elielson Soares; SCHMITZ, Heribert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2294519993210835
Analyze the persistence of collective action and cooperation in Agroleiteira Cooperative Trans, West of Pará State. Data were collected between January 2013 and January 2014. This is a case study and the methods and techniques used were: direct observation; interviews with semi - structured questionnaire application and documentary research. The observations were made at general meetings and meetings of the board of directors. Interviews were conducted with members in their rural setting, not unlike the way were interviewed local and regional leaders. For employees a structured questionnaire was administered and direct observations were made at the factory. Present a contextualization of the region, which includes this research, highlighting the historical aspects and the construction of collective action based on the mobilization of farmers, leaders and other organizations, especially Catholic and Lutheran Churches. The core category is collective action, but also highlights the power, participation and management. I use the theory of the sociology of organizations to understand the role of stakeholders in building cooperation and action. Present some aspects of the dilemma of cooperation in this study, partly shown negotiated and set by the actors that structure and maintains cooperative. Describe how actors' interests manifest themselves and affect the stability of the organization do not constitute a specific threat. The leaders assume the role of filter external pressures and to control what enters the context of the organization. The leaders have political experience, organizational and know how to negotiate. I also emphasize the active participation of members who, even by proxy, assume an important role in controlling the organization, define the purposes and activities do not interfere in the management of media activities. Finally, this construct, which is dynamic and negotiated within the cooperative, has avoided failure and built a possible alternative of cooperation and collective action to succeed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cultivando autonomia: análise da socioeconomia e agrobiodiversidade no quilombo de Providência, Salvaterra, Ilha do Marajó/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-06-15) LEÃO, Victor Miranda; STEWARD, Angela May; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6123114287861055
Traditional Quilombola communities have strategies for maintaining their way of life and reinforcing their cultural identity through traditional productive practices. This study sought to investigate the role of agrobiodiversity in economic and food strategies, recording the traditional knowledge and practices associated with it, as well as its relationship with food sovereignty in the Quilombola community of Providência, Salvaterra, Marajó, Pará state, Brazil. Methodologically, the research took place over sixty days in the months of February, May, July and November of 2019, being authorized by local leaders and the other residents through the signing of the Informed Consent Form. Later interviews were conducted with household representatives, with selection occurring through non-probabilistic sampling. Non-directive interviews were carried out and semi-structured questionnaires were applied with questions on socioeconomic, productive and food aspects, along with participant observation. Data were organized into Microsoft Excel spreadsheets for graphical optimization and, subsequently, diversity and diversity indexes were calculated, along with cultural salience and the community's food profile. Research with 11 heads of household showed that the local productive practices are strongly linked to local religious and food customs and that traditional activities, such as farming, extraction, fishing and animal husbandry, contribute to family income, which is mainly comes from state social benefits. Thus, we can conclude that traditional productive practices are directly related to the local Quilombola culture developed in part through agrobiodiversity, also expressed in faith, religiosity, historical heritage, as well as in daily life and in group's food preferences.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cultivando sonhos: a Escola Nacional de Formação da CONTAG no Estado do Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-15) PRAZERES, Maria de Jesus Corrêa dos; ASSIS, William Santos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0188412611746531; GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4262726973211880
The present research aimed to analyze the training processes developed by ENFOC in the State of Pará and its interference in trade union practices. In this, priority was the Case Study, focusing on the qualitative approach. In the study, there were no fundamental concerns with the processing and quantification of statistical data in terms of numerical representation. The time frame was 2006-2013, during which the ENFOC expanded in the state, becoming a reference in the Brazilian labor scenario by introducing the "Pedagogical Days" as teaching methodology, and has been a pioneer in conducting Regional, Micro-Regional and Municipal Courses. It is based on historical documents and interviews with different actors that integrate the MSTTR. 15 interviews were conducted. Considering the reflections promoted by this school in regard of changes of union practices that are inconsistent with the struggle of the movement, there was the question of what would be the interferences of the formation processes developed by ENFOC in the practices of those who are part of the MSTTR of the State of Pará, focusing on the democratization of trade union spaces and the renewal of leadership. The survey showed that this school introduced debates that are directly linked to their practices and actions, leading to a contribution to a change in trade union organizations to increase the participation of rural workers in the deliberative and consultative bodies of the movement, as well as motivating the renewal of managers and leaders in trade union organizations both at the municipal and state levels, and, above all, was an indicator of the change and the strengthening the union base. There is evidence of positivity and limitation elements of this school in the state. Finally, there is a presentation of new issues to be considered and reflected by the unions
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Da floresta ao mar”: participação e gestão de uma recém-criada Reserva Extrativista Marinha no nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-12-04) CARDOSO, Letícia Malcher; GOMES, Carlos Valério Aguiar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8029121431602869
The Extractive Reserve model (Resex) has its genesis in the social movement of rubber tappers in Acre who fought in the 1980s against the destruction of the forest by farmers who aimed to implement pastures. The movement expanded and the Resex model was adopted by several groups of extractive populations in different socio-cultural scenarios and diverse ecosystems, including the coast of Pará, at the other end of the Amazon. This trajectory “from the forest to the sea” comes with benefits, but also with tensions and challenges. In this context, the research addresses how stakeholder participation has been established in the process of creating and managing the most recent (2014) Marine Resex created in the state of Pará, Resex-Mar Mocapajuba, in São Caetano de Odivelas. The general objective was to analyze the participation of the actors in the creation and management processes of this Conservation Unit. The research is based on approaches to conservation units, political ecology and participation and management. Qualitative, ethnographic research was used, and the methodological procedures adopted were: bibliographic and documentary review, participant observation, non-directive interview, and application of semi-structured questionnaires with several actors involved in the process of creating and managing the Resex. It was found that the Resex Mocapajuba was a demand from the social fishing movement, with great feminine empowerment and protagonism, articulated with representations at local, regional, and national scales. It was evident that, currently, in the management process, participation is marked by political issues, power relations, and conflicts that affect governance instances and contribute to the participatory processes being unsatisfactory. This leads to some discussions and contributes to other reflections, including other perspectives. Thus, it becomes increasingly necessary to deepen and expand the debate on traditional populations living in the Amazon, resisting challenges, and fighting for Chico Mendes' legacy to survive and perpetuate itself.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Da natureza à mesa: a pesca artesanal na vida e alimentação dos quilombolas da Comunidade de Mangueiras (Ilha do Marajó – Pará)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-03-21) NASCIMENTO, Anael Souza; BARROS, Flávio Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4706140805254262
This research was committed to study the ways of capturing and preparing fisheries resources, as well as the relationship of the quilombola community of Mangueiras in Salvaterra - Ilha do Marajó - PA with food. I started from the cultural dimensions in the context of traditional knowledge, the ways to obtain, prepare, pack and consume food of fishery origin in the quilombo. The field research took place in 2019 and the main instruments of the methodology employed were open interviews, semi-structured interviews, participant observation, tours guided by local fishermen, free listing technique and ethnophotography. The results achieved demonstrated that fishermen and fisherwomen maintain a constant dialogue of knowledge, acquired through daily contact with fish and the river from the early stages of life. Traditional knowledge reveals much of the quilombo's identity and culture, a territory dominated by social actors with expertise in fish species, differentiating them by their habitat, food preferences and specific behaviors, including knowledge about climatic and lunar aspects that influence the dynamics of fishing in the region. Fishing resources have proved to be important for the preparation of foods such as fried, roasted and boiled fish, snail mujica, snail pie, coconut milk crab, turkey stew. However, we also observed an increase in processed foods, caused by a greater relationship with the city and access to social programs of the Brazilian federal government. Even with all the changes that have taken place, it is undeniable that the way food is prepared is still maintained today as a way of valuing culture and resistance. Thus, food choices are directly influenced by environmental characteristics, in addition to individual preferences linked to quilombo social and cultural issues. Taboos play an important role and directly influence the choices of target species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmicas territoriais no nordeste do Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-08-29) MONTEIRO, Antonio Eduardo Gomes; ASSIS, William Santos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0188412611746531; PIRAUX, Marc; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3690302287055789
The aim of this research was to identify and understand the territorial dynamics of two Given Territories in the northeast region of Pará State. The present work presents the main factors that determine the spatial dynamics from the territorial dynamics system. The research clippings are the Nordeste I territory and the Salgado territory, which are located in the coastal region of northeastern Pará, characterized as the oldest frontier of colonization in the State. The perception-based regional map-making methodology was a necessary source of information that resulted in the typology of the spatial dynamics. The research enabled the creation of specific models for each territory, which allows for a comparative analysis of territorial dynamics, as well as to learn about public policies and the perspectives of social actors in the given territories.