Dissertações em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento (Mestrado) - PPGTPC/NTPC

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2333

O Mestrado Acadêmico iniciou-se em 1987 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento (PPGTPC), que integra o Núcleo de Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento(NTPC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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A escola e o desenvolvimento motor em escolares
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-08-28) XAVIER, Carmen Tereza da Silva; MAGALHÃES, Celina Maria Colino de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1695449937472051
The objective of the present study was to investigate the level of motor performance in fundamental motor abilities and its relations with opportunities of motor experiences in and out of a school context, with boys and girls ranging from six years and six months to seven years and eleven months of age. The children were from two schools of he public educational network of the district of Icoaraci/PA. A sample of 39 children, 16 girls and 23 boys, participated in this study. The instrument used to asses motor development was the TGMD2 (Teste of Gross Motor Development). To evaluate school context, it was used video footage of recess situations and Physical Education classes; out of this context, a structured interview was done with the participants. For data analyses, Variance Analyses (ANOVA) and a continuity test (Tukey HSD Post HOC Test) were conducted in the mean chronological, locomotory and manipulative ages, the development quotient, the gross scores in locomotory and manipulative subtests; for gender and school analyses, Test t was applied in independent samples. To analyze the children’s preference verbalizations towards play activity, locale, partners and offers of recreational, sport or cultural activities, ANOVA was conducted. The results suggest that 51,8% present an average motor development, 2,6% are above average, 28,2% are below average, 12,8% are poor and 5,1% very poor. The analyses of motor behavior demonstrated highly heterogeneous results, evidenced by a high standard deviation, mainly on jump on one foot, lateral run, gallop (locomotory), and kick and hit (manipulative). However, when gender is taken to analyses, statistically significant differences were only observed in manipulative age, where results of the girls were better than the ones of the boys. When abilities are taken to analyses, significant differences were found in the abilities to kick and to throw, favoring the boys, and in jumping, favoring the girls. When schools are taken into analyses, significant differences passed in favor of school “A” and in hit in school “B” were observed. As for the opportunities to play outside of school, playing ball was the preferred play activity for children in both schools, the preferred locale is the backyard, and preferred partners are both friends and brothers. When gender is taken to analyses, girls prefer to play wth dolls, and boys to play ball. Both prefer the backyard and companies of friends together with brothers. The recess analyses pointed out the most frequent play activities in both schools are running, tag, figures exchange and talking. When gender is taken to analyses, no differences were found in play activities; however, there were differences in group formation. In school “A”, the groups were mostly just composed of boys, or just of gils. As for school “B”, they were mostly mixed. In regards to participation in recreational, sport or cultural activities, show that 100% of the sample don’t do these activities outside of school context. The analyses of Physical Education classes pointed to differences in structure and offer of material between schools, having the conditions in school “B” being superior to the ones in school “A”. However, in regards to the methodology used by the teachers, they are similar. The results demonstrate that the opportunities of motor experiences in the school context are fundamental for motor development in school children, for, in most cases, is the only opportunity to stimulate theses activities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os efeitos da idade sobre o padrão de assimetrias táteis, visuais e hemiespaciais em destros e canhotos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-06) LIMA, Fábio Djan Oliveira de; MARTIN, William Lee Berdel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8591034699611752
When bisecting horizontal lines, normal individuals tend to err leftwards of the true center, or zero point, a phenomenon known as "pseudonegligence. Previous clinical investigations indicated that lestions in the inferior portion of the right hemisphere parietal lobe impaired mechanisms controling the allocation of attention to the left side of extracorporal space. In addition, heminegligence was not restricted to the visual system, and has been observed in certain tactile and motor modalities as well. In this context, studies have shown that changes in manual preference and proficiency were also related to aging. At present, explanations for these age-realted trends have been incorporated into three alternative hypotheses: differential hemispheric deterioration, bilateral deterioration, and invariant asymmetry. In this study, data were obtained for 61 individuals of both sexes, right- and left-handers, in three age groups: 18 to 30 year olds, 35 to 55 year olds, and a group at age level 60 and above. Individuals were assessed on the Lateral Preference Inventory, the Tactile Line Bisection Test (TLBT), and the Visual Line Bisection Test (VLBT), and we sought to ascertain whether manual, visual, tactile and hemispatial performance would vary as a function of handedness and age. On the TLBT there were few significant differences from the zero point, trends were weak, inconsistent, and not related to handedness or age. The interdependence activation hypothesis as proposed by Bowers and Heilman was not supported, and in conclusion, this version of the TLBT was considered to be unreliable. In contrast, in response to the VLBT, pseudonegligence ocorred consistently in all of the groups. There was a significant interaction between hand and hemispace in all groups, especially when the left-hand divided lines in the left and central fields, a finding that supported the activation hypothesis. There were no significant differences between right- and left-handers, and no reliable trends across the age levels in either group. In sum, there was no evidence indicating the presence of early right hemisphere deterioration, because pseudonegligence also was also robust among the oldest groups. This finding lends more cogent support to the invariant asymmetry hypothesis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pseudonegligência, dominância manual e habilidades motoras em alunos das artes em comparação com alunos de outros cursos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-05-02) MELO, Thiago Martins de; MARTIN, William Lee Berdel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8591034699611752
A prominent line of research dealing with cerebral lateralization in artists have investigated the behavior of artists afflicted with various neuropathological syndromes affecting either the right or left hemisphere. In contrast, Bertrand (2001), noting that a few studies have reported an increased prevalence of left-handedness and ambidextrality among artists, suggested the need for systematic research into the laterality characteristics of normal artists. In the absence of such studies, and because it was not possible to obtain data from professional artists, this project was designed to investigate in detail, lateral asymmetries in handedness, motor abilities and visuospatial attention in art and non-art students. These students were recruited from the Art Department at the Federal University of Maranhão, and a public school of art in São Luis. There were 50 non-art students (24 right- and 26 left-handers), and 51 art students (27 right- and 24 left-handers) in the sample. Data were obtained on handedness, eyedness, and footedness, and two measures of motor proficiency: Finger tapping and the Grooved Pegboard Test. In addition, a version of the Visual Line Bissection Test (VLBT) was administered in order to compare the degree of pseudonegligence among and between art and non-art students. We sought to ascertain whether, in comparison with non-artists, the art students would evince a reduced degree of intermanual asymmetry in handedness and motor ability, as well as higher-level accuracy on the VLBT. Our predictions regarding such performance differences, were in fact, supported. Art students, especially left-handers were much less consistent, and more ambidextrous than dextral and sinistral non-art students, and displayed a lower between-hand performance on both motor tests. Also, whereas the degree of pseudonegligence was increased among non-art students, art students were more accurate in their responses, and produced fewer errors around the true zero point. Consistent with previous research among musicians, art students in general, showed a balanced level of visuospatial attention, and these differences were related to the cognitive demands of visual art training.

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