Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia - PPGE/ICSA

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/14107

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 8 de 8

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aviamento e redistribuição na Amazônia: uma análise evolucionária do período colonial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-11-29) SILVA, Luiz Gonzaga Feijão da; SILVA, Harley; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1485109352201821; FERNANDES, Danilo Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2839366380149639
The economy and the market are not synonymous. This distinction is essential to understand aviation, our object of study. The thesis presents an alternative way of viewing the economic system of the colonial Amazon: instead of emphasizing the market system or its elements, we adopt redistribution as an institution that dominantly promotes the circulation of society's means of subsistence. This redistributive economy emanates from the State's ability to receive (taxes) and distribute (payer), in a monetary system without coined currency, which uses genres (means of subsistence) as money. This way of interpreting the economy was only possible through the use of Polanyi and Veblen's institutionalist theory, which helped us to define the objective of the thesis in understanding how the economic and social structures of the colonial Amazon, that is, forms of economic integration (FIE), support institutions and organizational structure of society, were decisive in the emergence, growth and persistence of aviation as a financial institution. In this sense, relief is an adapted and coherent manifestation of the financial demands of the redistributive economy, that is, where credit (and the flows of financial resources) are carried out in kind and debt comes from non-economic obligations – which During this period, it uncouples it from market-oriented motivations. Throughout the colonial period, aviation presented several institutional variations, which are in line with the change in the social and economic structure (we highlight the Missions Regiment and the Pombaline reforms), as we defend in our working hypothesis. Among the main variations that we present as a result of the causal and cumulative, therefore, evolutionary process, we highlight commercial aviation, state redistributive aviation and commercial redistributive aviation. To explain these variations in more detailed Darwinian terms, we chose to outline the evolutionary process for the movement of some important resources, such as captives (rescue troops) and drugs from the backlands, facilitating the work of protected Indians (state redistribution) and families caboclas in constitution (mercantile redistribution). Thus, the layout is dynamic and diverse, resulting from its interdependence with the structure in constant transformation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Consumo de alimentos processados e ultraprocessados no Brasil e o papel do Bolsa Família: uma abordagem baseada na pesquisa de orçamentos familiares
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-29) LOBO, Hiran Julio da Fonseca; VOGT, Camila De Moura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5931551158048124
This study focuses on analyzing the composition of Brazilians’ diets, highlighting the proportion of macronutrient consumption from ultra-processed foods and its relation to the Bolsa Família Program (BFP). Considering that the consumption of these food groups is influenced by inequalities in food systems, and therefore related to the socioeconomic and regional characteristics of beneficiaries. Using data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics’ (IBGE) 2017-2018 Family Budget Survey (POF), we applied a multinomial logit model to identify the variables determining the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods in the diet. Additionally, we employed the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method to analyze the impact of BFP on the consumption of calories, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. The results of the multinomial logit model indicate that the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods increases when households are located in urban areas. In these cases, there is a 111% increase in the chances of consuming more than 60% of calories from processed and ultra-processed foods. For the South, Southeast, and Northeast regions, the chances increase by 67%, 96.7%, and 83.3%, respectively. However, for the northern region, the chances decrease by 17%. Regarding the program’s impact results, after conducting PSM, the results indicate a reduction in the average of 2.42% of calories from these foods, a reduction of 1.88% for carbohydrates, a reduction of 1.85% for proteins, and a reduction of 2.32% for lipids. However, even with the program generating this effect, the average consumption of these foods for beneficiaries corresponds to about one-third of their diet.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ensaios sobre distribuição, mudanças climáticas e produtividade no Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-06) LIMA, Andressa Magalhães; ALENCAR, Douglas Alcântara; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6019986023580234; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6077-998X
The dissertation addresses two articles that investigate different aspects of Brazilian economic growth and its relationship with factors such as income distribution and pollution. These studies offer an in-depth analysis of Brazil's economic dynamics, highlighting the importance of understanding the complex interactions between economic and environmental variables. The first article, titled "Brazilian Economic Growth in Light of Post-Keynesian Theory of Functional Income Distribution", examines the application of post-Keynesian theory to understand whether Brazil's economic growth between 2003 and 2015 was driven by wages or profits. The analysis concludes that the period in question was characterized by profit-led growth. The second article, "Growth, Productivity Regime and Pollution Applied to the Brazilian Economy from 1980-2016", explores how pollution, especially CO2 emissions, influence Brazilian economic growth within the context of post-Kaleckian growth regimes. It is concluded that the concentration of pollution has a negative impact on labor productivity, leading to a Brazilian economy under a profit-led growth regime during the period from 1980 to 2016. Both articles contribute to a deeper understanding of the determinants of Brazilian economic growth and offer important insights for the formulation of public policies aimed at sustainable and inclusive development. In short, the dissertation provides a comprehensive and multifaceted analysis of the challenges and opportunities faced by the Brazilian economy in its search for balanced and environmentally responsible economic growth.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estratégias reprodutivas baseadas em diversidade no campesinato amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-26) VIEIRA, Timni; COSTA, Francisco de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1820238947667908; SILVA, Harley Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1485109352201821
This research aims to examine the strategic meanings that various degrees and forms of diversification take on, in contrast with specialized forms, as observed in representative Amazonian peasant groups from traditionally agricultural areas of the region. To this end, an analysis was conducted of different strategies involving diversity versus specialization and the probabilities of their occurrences, their economic logic, and the forms they take. The empirical basis included data from interviews conducted in 345 family units in the northeastern Pará and metropolitan Belém mesoregions, covering 15 municipalities. The methodology considered the stratification of the sample into degrees of family development, area groups and available work, and groups of reproductive efficiency and diversity, with reproductive efficiency measured from the proxy of average rural income per equivalent worker.The allocation of observed and expected frequencies of families regarding their efficiency and use of productive diversity in different structural contexts of land and labor showed that, in general, these families seek to diversify their production, even if they achieve lower reproductive efficiency. Agriculture was the activity with the greatest participation in the average rural family income of families that use diversification, and this strategy resulted in a higher average than families that use productive specialization. Equivalent worker and reproductive efficiency variables are statistically significant in explaining the average rural income of these families. However, average area and diversity are intrinsically related and should be more deeply analyzed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pobreza multidimensional na Amazônia Legal: uma perspectiva das atividades econômicas ambientais entre 2000 e 2010
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-15) OLIVEIRA, Rickson Nixon Barbosa; SANTOS, Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3685339264701382
The Legal Amazon encompasses nine states (Amazonas, Amapá, Acre, Rondônia, Roraima, Pará, Tocantins, Maranhão, and Mato Grosso), comprising 772 municipalities and the Amazon rainforest, rich in natural resources. The dynamics between individuals and the re gion's resources are evident in the diverse environmental economic activities, ranging from agriculture, livestock, mineral extraction, and forest production to activities that seek to reduce or cause environmental impact. Previous studies, such as Celenta no (2010), Diniz (2007), Sousa (2016), Rosa (2021), and Kageyama (2006), identified that the Amazon region presents high levels of multidimensional poverty, with deficiencies in health, education, and housing conditions. Therefore, this research aims to in vestigate multidimensional poverty in environmental economic activities between 2000 and 2010, to identify whether multidimensional poverty is higher in environmental activities compared to non environmental activities. Thus, the central question of this s tudy is: In which environmental economic activities is multidimensional poverty expressed most prominently? The database used was the Brazilian Demographic Census, and the CNAE 2.0 classification was used to identify environmental economic activities. The Alkire Foster method of the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was used to calculate poverty, and Moran's I statistic was used to identify spatial correlations of the MPI between municipalities. The research shows that multidimensional poverty is more pr onounced in activities related to agriculture, livestock, fishing, aquaculture, and forest production. Specifically, in the groups of temporary and permanent crop activities. The states of Mato Grosso and Tocantins are where the MPI is lower compared to th e other states, and the spatial correlation was positive, meaning that there are high MPI values concentrated in municipalities of the Legal Amazon that are correlated with neighboring municipalities, mainly in the region known as the "arc of deforestation".
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pobreza na Região Metropolitana de Belém sob os enfoques teóricos das capacidades e do espaço social
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-11-16) BRASIL, Marília Carvalho; FERNANDES, Danilo Araújo; SANTOS, Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3685339264701382
The general objective of this study is to study the relationships between poverty and social structure from monetary and multidimensional perspectives for the Metropolitan Region of Belém in the period 2000 to 2010. The main data sources used were microdata from the 2000 and 2010 Demographic Censuses. In the multidimensional analysis, the multidimensional poverty indexes (MPI) were constructed based on the Alkire-Foster method (2007, 2009). The typology developed by the Observatory of Metropolises, which adopts the Bourdieusian perspective, was used to analyze the social structure. In the first decade of the 21st century, there was a significant reduction in the proportion of poor people in the RMB from an income perspective. This trend was observed both for the RMB as a whole and for all metropolitan municipalities. The decline in monetary poverty indicators in the RMB followed the national trend that occurred in the 2000s as a consequence of economic conditions and public policies. By adopting multidimensionality in poverty analysis, it is possible to perceive the heterogeneity that exists in the areas studied, as advocated by Amartya Sen. Comparing the indicators of the two approaches, the results point to higher levels of poverty captured by the multidimensional perspective, when compared to the monetary perspective. This situation occurs for all levels of aggregation: regional, municipal and weighted area. The results of multidimensional poverty indicate that there was a small increase in the proportion of poor people in the RMB as a whole. The levels of multidimensional poverty presented were very high in comparison with the national averages in the period 2000/2010. The public policies that contributed to removing the condition of multidimensional poverty from a significant portion of the national population do not seem to have presented the same results for the RMB. Regarding the social structure of the RMB, it is clear that there is a progressive increase in the population classified as deprived as one advances in the social structure when considering the various indicators that make up the MPI (incidence, intensity and MPI). The population at the top of the social pyramid considered poor is significantly smaller than that at the base. As in the analysis of regional and municipal aggregates, the dimensions that acted to intensify the deprivations of the population residing in the RMB were education and standard of living.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Poder de barganha e participação dos cônjuges no mercado de trabalho brasileiro: uma análise baseada em modelos de escolha coletiva
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-16) MORAIS, Geási; CIRINO, Jader Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2232741827552440; SANTOS, Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3685339264701382
This research analyzes the determinants of spousal participation in the Brazilian labor market using an approach based on collective choice models. Utilizing microdata from the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNADC) and employing Probit and Heckit models, the study identifies how individual and socioeconomic factors influence decisions to join the Economically Active Population (EAP) and allocate time to paid work. The findings reveal that higher wages reduce the likelihood of labor market participation, reflecting the income effect. However, for those already employed, higher wages increase working hours, indicating the presence of the substitution effect. Two distribution factors were tested, which are variables that affect the distribution of bargaining power among household members without directly influencing individual preferences or the family budget constraint. Adjusted age differences and non-labor income participation significantly impact bargaining power distribution within families. Adjusted age differences negatively affect wives' labor market participation, particularly among childless couples. Women with significantly older husbands are less likely to join the labor market, while husbands in such contexts are more likely to participate and work more hours. Control over non-labor income proved relevant to bargaining power, especially for wives, who exhibited greater flexibility in reducing their labor supply. The study underscores the importance of collective models in understanding intrafamily dynamics, showing that labor decisions are shaped by spousal bargaining rather than the predictions of traditional unitary models. In terms of public policy, the research recommends implementing incentives for professional qualifications targeting childless couples and providing childcare support for couples with children. These measures aim to expand families’ options and promote their well-being more comprehensively.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sistemas Nacionais de Inovação (SNI): tipologia e variáveis determinantes para as 50 maiores economias
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-01-30) MARTINS, Carlos Eduardo Rodrigues; DINIZ, Márcia Jucá Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2876006208419919
The main objective of this work will be to analyze the SNI of the 50 largest economies with the intention of generating a typology for the analyzed systems. Search through the use of a factor analysis analysis model using cluster analysis and panel data, classify and understand the trained NIS and generate a methodological procedure that makes it possible to monitor the evolution of innovation systems. The work will also analyze, after analyzing the SNI typologies, econometric models with panel data for the types of SNI generated, with the aim of finding which variable principles are most important for the house typology. As main results, the SNI were divided into three distinct classes. The determining variables to explain the performance of the developed systems were: innovative capacity and environment, human capital and net direct investment. Each of these thermals presented greater or lesser importance according to each typology found. In general, the variations in research and development expenses, resident and non-resident patents, scientific articles and publications and higher education expenses were the most significant variables in explaining the development of the SNI.

Navegar

Navegando Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia - PPGE/ICSA por CNPq "CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA"