Teses em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (Doutorado) - PPGDSTU/NAEA
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2297
O Doutorado Acadêmico em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (PPGDSTU) do Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos (NAEA) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). O Doutorado em Ciências – Desenvolvimento Socioambiental iniciou em 1994, absorvendo o debate crítico de ponta na época nos temas sobre desenvolvimento, planejamento e questões ambientais.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Diversidade, uso e manejo de quintais agroflorestais no distrito do carvão, Mazagão-AP, Brasil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-01-18) SILVA, Raullyan Borja Lima e; SABLAYROLLES, Maria das Graças Pires; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4786846P1; BASTOS, Ana Paula Vidal; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4755354Y1The agroforestry areas are production systems, which are located near the homes and are quite common in the tropics. They consist of agricultural and forest species and may also involve the raising of small animals in order to produce food for subsistence as well as income generation, with special focus on the conservation of biodiversity. Aiming at characterizing the floristic and ethnobotanical view of the agroforestry areas of the Carvão District and its internal organization, enhancing its composition, socioeconomic structure and function, focusing on aspects of management and usage, so as to gather information that contributes to the conservation of natural resources and their rational use to enhance this important cultural practice, 94 agroforestry areas in the Carvão District, Mazagão-AP, have been studied. During the fieldwork, the ethnographic method with the techniques of participative observation, formal and informal interviews, have been used. The collection of plant material was made through the usual techniques applied in botany. The residents‟ monthly gross income is 261.08 minimum wages (MW) with an average of 2.53 MW and a mode of 1MW, per household. Agricultural practices help with 30.82 MW, which corresponds to 11.801% of the total. The most common diseases in families are influenza, malaria and pain in legs and arms, and medicinal plants are used by the population in the prevention and in the cure of health problems. The yard areas investigated presented different sizes as well as the number of species and specimens, being the average size of 0.08 hectares. Domestic animals are raised so as to complement food and income. We recorded 218 species in 69 families and 164 genera, with an average of 20.90 species per yard area. The families with the largest number of species were: Lamiaceae, Solanaceae, Arecaceae, Asteraceae, and Rutaceae. The most frequent genera are represented by Citrus, Capsicum, Alternanthera, Justicia and Allium. The most frequent species were: Mangifera indica L., Anacardium occidentale L., Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, Euterpe oleracea Mart., Musa sp. and Cocos nucifera L. Regarding the usage categories, most species is multiple use, particularly for medical use (169 species), for food (102 species), for ornamentation (71 species), mystic (56 species) and for trees plantation (36 species). The yards are basically arranged in four distinct strata, and women play important role concerning the introduction and maintenance of the species in that environment. Management in such practices is simple and has low cost, since it involves traditional plant cultivation practices and the main purpose of the yard areas of the Carvão District is to promote complementary food items for families, except for a few of them who sell the surplus. The floristic composition and species distribution in the yards are determined by external and internal factors such as function and size of the yard as well as socioeconomic and cultural factors, also the direct influence of the family that selects the species according to their needs. These places could be better used in order to increase the productivity and utilization of the production.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estoque de biomassa e carbono florestal em unidades de paisagem na Amazônia: uma análise a partir da abordagem metodológica ecologia da paisagem(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-22) PEREIRA, Izaura Cristina Nunes; GAMA, João Ricardo Vasconcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9058536716453750; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862The present work aims to demonstrate the central variability in forest in relation to stocks and forest carbon biomass above ground, from the identification and characterization based on remote sensing, landscape units in an area located in the municipality of Belterra, western Pará State, from the theoretical-conceptual approach of landscape ecology. For the scope of this proposition, the methodology used was based on the literature review on the topic, data acquisition and orbital mapping, use of remote sensing techniques, field data collection, processing and statistical analysis. The work is divided into four chapters, followed by general considerations of the work. Based on the theoretical-methodological of Landscape Ecology, analyzes the social and environmental dynamics of the municipality of Belterra, who currently experiences the expansion of agricultural activities, especially agriculture mechanized soy. From the analysis of multi-temporal Landsat images of the city we could assess the distribution of existing forest cover in the same as well as the spatial distribution of the main landscape units identified. Considering this clipping was held to collect field data via forest inventory in four forest types (forest high plateau, low plateau forest, secondary vegetation and ecological tension) to obtain morphometric parameters of vegetation and subsequent quantification of stocks biomass and carbon contained in each unit as well as observe the structural behavior of the same forest. The adoption of the landscape as the spatial scale of analysis proved to be quite satisfactory in the quantification of biomass and carbon stocks of forest to allow considering the influence of socioeconomic dynamics in reducing these stocks. Furthermore, analyzes showed that recognition of the heterogeneity of forest cover is an essential element for obtaining carbon estimates according to the structural characteristics of vegetation which varies with the topography of the terrain, with the species present and the geographical features, which involves the type climate, geomorphologic characteristics, soil and geological area.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Uso e composição de valor dos aterrados na baixada maranhense(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-03) ARAÚJO, Naíla Arraes de; PINHEIRO, Claudio Urbano Bittencourt; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7511708130949687; CIVIDANES HERNANDEZ, Jose Luis; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4642880T9; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279In the region of low lands in the Brazilian Amazon, particularly in the city of Penalva, the Aterrados are an important part of the landscape, a unique environment of this region. Environments are unusual in its occurrence and structure, different in its floristic composition, important in its relationship with regional traditional populations. It provides food and income essential for sustaining watersheds where they occur. This research was aimed at understanding the value of Aterrados environments. We intended to use the ethnoknowledge to understand the relationships of populations with the use and management of vegetation in the Aterrados and the perception of environmental changes in the study area; phytosociological sampling floristic survey was carried on to characterize the vegetation of the region Aterrados Lake Formoso. The local culture was examine in relation to beliefs in enchanted entities that protect the Aterrados and the consequences of the loss or maintenance of this culture in relation to the conservation of these environments, valuing the main natural resources based on the income earned by the population with the activities of fishing, agriculture, extraction of palm coconut (babaçu) and açaí berry. The value was compared in a montly bases during a year period. Also it was analysed the perceptions of local residents surrounding the lake Formoso regarding the importance of environmental preservation and their knowledge about Brazilian environmental legislation. To achieve these goals, we use a combination of theoretical and methodological tools of ecology and botany (as phytosociology and ethnobotany), environmental economics, anthropology and environmental law, with as interdisciplinary strategy, seeking to identify, describe and analyze the environments Aterrados in the low lands of Maranhão State, in their ecological importance, floristic composition, usage patterns, and value management. To value monetarily Aterrados Method was used to Economic Valuation of Environmental Registry (REVA) created for this research. The results show that the average annual income of families was R$ 4.757,45 with Juçara extraction, R$ 2.916,08 with fishing activity, and R$ 515,41 the palm coconut. For such activities, the monetary value of Aterrados at the end of one year for the 121 families in the region are, respectively, R$ 575.651,45, R$ 352.845,68 and R$ 62.364,61. The conclusion is that the conservation of Aterrados is essential to the support of local people who keep their productive activities and livelihood with products taken from these environments. The integration of the dynamic current economic communities is one of the factors that contribute to environmental degradation and cultural loss. Allied to this, the lack of knowledge about environmental legislation and lack of environmental education compete for use of resources in an unsustainable manner.