Dissertações em Arquitetura e Urbanismo (Mestrado) - PPGAU/ITEC
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/4463
O Mestrado em Arquitetura e Urbanismo está inserido no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo (PPGAU), da Universidade Federal do Pará. É um curso ministrado sobre a responsabilidade do Instituto de Tecnologia (ITEC) da UFPA.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Cimentos de baixo impacto ambiental (LC3 ) a partir dos resíduos cauliníticos da Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-02-02) ARRUDA JUNIOR, Euler Santos; BARATA, Márcio Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7450171369766897; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0012-3778The use of mineral additions as a partial replacement of clinker in Portland cement has been one of the main strategies for reducing CO2 emissions by the global cement industry. However, the availability of blast furnaces and fly ash does not meet demand. In the Amazon, the kaolin processing industries as a cover for paper have already deposited around 70 million tons of waste consisting essentially of extremely fine kaolinite. An alternative for the region would be the use of Portland cement with mineral additions of limestone and calcined clay for the production of a low CO2 cement - LC3 (limestone calcined clay cement). The objective of this work was to evaluate the properties of these LC3 cements with high incorporations of limestone and metakaolin from the kaolin processing residue. The levels of substitution of mineral additions on the common Portland cement mass were 45% and 60%. The investigated variables were specific mass, specific surface area Blaine, water of consistency and time of initial and final setting of the cement, in addition to the resistance to mortar compression. The incorporations of the metakaolin-lime mixtures increased the water demand and reduced the setting times due to the high fineness of the kaolinite. However, there were significant increases in compressive strength compared to common and compound Portland cements, demonstrating the high efficiency of this binder which reached compressive strength of up to 62.3 MPa at 91 days. As for the carbon footprint produced by LC3 cements. The results showed a 20% to 38% reduction in CO2 emissions compared to CPII F 40. Furthermore, the wide applicability of the LCA tool to the construction sector was evidenced. The results are promising, but require further studies, especially with regard to the aspects of rheology, durability in view of the high water demand of these cements, high tendency to retraction and low alkalinity and, mainly, regarding economic viability when combined with other actions to mitigate emissions such as increasing energy efficiency combined with the use of alternative fuels.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Entre a várzea e terra firme: estudo de espaços de assentamentos tradicionais urbanos rurais na região do Baixo Tocantins(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-05-29) OLIVEIRA, Kamila Diniz; CARDOSO, Ana Cláudia Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3138101153535395; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1866-453XThe administrative region of Baixo Tocantins was one of the first to receive European colonization in the State of Pará, underwent a typically Amazonian occupation initially established in the estuary of smaller rivers and streams, which advanced to the mainland after the transformations resulting from the integration of the Amazon to the rest of Brazil by land (through highways) and the Tocantins River dam by the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Plant. Road access has assumed an increasing importance in the establishment and expansion of settlements and towns and in the reconfiguration of cities. Although the region is home to the largest industrial district and the largest export port in the state, it has intense economic activity linked to extractivism, with emphasis on the pressure for an economic revitalization of the floodplain areas through the expansion of açaí management. Given this context, this dissertation aims to analyze the spatial arrangements of settlements of traditional populations located in the floodplain and on dry land in the municipalities of Cametá, Mocajuba and Baião, based on the methodologies of Lefebvre (2006) and Soja (1993) , on the trialetic nature of space (decomposed into spaces conceived, perceived and lived). The space of the study area was investigated based on these three dimensions, articulating territorial scales and ways of life, which seek to understand the historical context, the policies directed to the region and its socioeconomic formation, the form of appropriation of its spaces by communities that are heirs to and enslaved indigenous and African peoples, and the very morphology (spatial arrangements) of these communities that is organized in an increasingly complementary way to the city and urban structures and services. It was concluded that the peasant way of life is heir to innumerable political, cultural and social processes and actions, and adapts to the new; that spatial reorganization occurs through the transfer of areas of residences to the community center and the subdivision of work areas affected by public policies (eg, housing production or credit access framework), which has modified spatial arrangements both in the floodplain and on the mainland, and favoring the conversion of extractive use to others less adapted to the Amazon biome; and that the identification and registration of the processes of spatial transformations, in this type of study area, is a fundamental resource for the generation of a spatial repertoire more suited to urban, municipal and territorial policies destined to the Amazon.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Técnicas para avaliação do desempenho térmico e lumínico associado a sistemas de prateleira de luz em clima quente e úmido(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-27) SILVA, Marcelle Vilar da; FRANCO, Irving Montanar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4254203203850909When using a daylight system in a hot and humid climate region, with a elevated number of hours of insolation and high intensity of solar radiation, it is mandatory to evaluated the effects on the thermal performance and environmental luminosity, to identify their potential for use in a controlled and appropriate manner. The aim is to carry out a performance analysis, but more specifically ensure a critic and carefull approach to methodology for assessing the increase of heat, light gains -in hot and humid climate-, through fenestrations with shading protection systems, the comparative studies of efficiency where done to compared systems with and without shading protection through the calculation of solar heat gains using the CSTB method (adapted by Frota e Schiffer), internal illuminance levels where done with computer simulations (RELUX 2006), variation of internal temperatures (ECOTEC v.2) and measurements under real sky condition, with reduced scale models, air temperature measurement, globe temperature and internal and external illuminance, using data loggers, for calculating the daylight coefficient (CLD), infrared thermal imaging to monitor the internal and external surface temperatures. Processing data with auxiliary of regression curves where used to ensure the accuracy of the measurements and identify the quality of the equipment and data refinement. Where verified as results that the systems had very similar performance, but with some relative indicative differences levels for internal illuminance. The shading method analyses shown similar analytical angle generated by the solar protections adopted the prototypes, offering a 40.14% reduction on the thermal load for the north façade. The simulations indicate that the proposed lightshelf could reveal potencial for luminance levels improvements at the center portion of the environment when compared to the tradicional shading device, indicative of potential for future studies. The internal temperature measurements generated very close values between the shelf and the traditional light shading device, what was not enough to demonstrate differential heating. Studies in infrared shown to be efficient to identify surfaces temperatures conditions as thermal energy – heat gains -, drived inside by the boards of the shading device and the lightshelf. For the light shelf the internal illuminance measurements showed significantly increased levels near the window, and at the more inner illuminance measurement point presented an difference of 500lux , this specifically occurred regarding the traditional shading device only 11:00 to 13:30. The DLF – Day Light Factor - indicated that the availability of light in the environment of the center position of the prototype is higher with light shelf than with the traditional shading device and in the more inner illuminance measurement point both indicate mostly similar performances.