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Dissertações em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (Mestrado) - PPGDSTU/NAEA

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2296

O Mestrado Acadêmico em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (PPGDSTU) do Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos (NAEA) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). O Mestrado em Planejamento do Desenvolvimento (PLADES) foi implantado em 1977 e foi pioneiro dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu das áreas de humanidades e ciências sociais aplicadas na Amazônia.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agricultura familiar camponesa no planalto santareno: formas de existência em Mojuí dos Campos-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09-09) BORGES, Anderson Coelho; FOLHES, Ricardo Theophilo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5612208724254738
Peasant family agriculture is characterized by those families that, through land ownership and access to available natural resources, seek to solve their productive and reproductive problems through extractive, agricultural and non-agricultural rural production. Taking this concept into account, the objective is to analyze in a multiscale way the characteristics that enable the understanding of the conditions related to the decision of the peasant family to seek or not to trigger pluriativity. To this end, using an interdisciplinary approach, qualitative and quantitative data were used, obtained, respectively, through the participant observation technique in two communities - Mojuí dos Pereiras and Terra de Areia - located in the municipality of Mojuí dos Campos and from the mobilization of the secondary database and the selection of variables (land, labour force and institutional context) collected in field research with the peasant production units. Thus, in the light of peasant investment theory, a pattern was identified among peasant families that engage in non agricultural activities, they have restrictions on land, labour or both, while those families that have land and labour force in conditions sufficient for their reproduction are dedicated only to agricultural labour
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agricultura familiar e o desenvolvimento local no Município de Santarém Novo (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-23) MONTEIRO, Sandy Lorena Costa; MATHIS, Armin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8365078023155571; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-9391
Considering the complexity and challenges faced by smaller municipalities in the Amazon regarding sustainable development, this research focused on exploring the relationship between sustainable local development and family farming in the municipality of Santarém Novo, located in the Northeast region of Pará, the third smallest state, with 6,116 inhabitants. The purpose of this research was to understand the development concepts of key decision-makers in the municipality, including public officials and representatives of social organizations of local farmers, as well as to assess farmers' perceptions of government actions, especially those impacting the future of family farming. This proposal aimed to comprehend how these diverse perspectives influence actions and policies for local development planning, with an emphasis on family farming. To achieve these objectives, a transdisciplinary approach was adopted, employing a concurrent mixed methods methodology that combines quantitative and qualitative methods for a comprehensive evaluation of these interpretations. The quantitative strategy aimed to identify patterns and general trends in variables related to farmers' assessments, while the qualitative strategy explored the development cosmovisions of public officials and association representatives, based mainly on Ignacy Sachs' Theory of Dimensions of Sustainable Development, also supported by the development concepts of other authors such as David Korten and Amartya Sen. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with managers and association presidents, and the application of forms to farmers. Quantitative data analysis used descriptive statistical methods, while qualitative data analysis was performed using Bardin's (2016) Content Analysis technique. As a result, the research presented, in addition to the current panorama of municipal development, a diversity of challenges faced by family farmers, including productive dynamics, labor and organizational relations, technical assistance, access to public policies, credit, markets, and social participation. It was also possible to list the main demands and needs of farmers for improving conditions in the sector. Farmers' assessments of the municipal government's actions on these issues were predominantly negative. Furthermore, the research evidenced a plurality of understandings about the aspects that compose development in the interviewees' view. Despite the distinct priorities and strategies addressed by different groups and individuals, the results generally highlighted a greater emphasis on the social dimension of sustainable development, encompassing elements such as health, education, and income, as well as the need to expand opportunities and capacities of individuals and access to non-productive activities such as leisure. These elements were widely recognized as fundamental to ensuring a solid foundation for individual and collective progress and well-being. There is also a shared perception of the importance of economic, territorial, and political aspects (national). The cultural dimension was also alluded to with considerable frequency. However, some areas, despite being considered important, were less emphasized by them, such as the ecological, environmental, and political (international) dimensions. In contrast, there was also an emphasis on considering more subjective aspects of human development, related to ethical, moral, religious, psychological values, and the strengthening of social relations, which refer to solidarity, respect, fraternity, and community sense.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Agricultura familiar e seu papel na produção rural paraense: uma análise a partir do censo agropecuário de 2017
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-30) CORREA, Alan Tiago; RAVENA CAÑETE, Thales Maximiliano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6291249974166783
Family farming plays a crucial role in agricultural production in the state of Pará, serving as one of the main sources of employment and income in rural areas while significantly contributing to the local and regional economy. The practices adopted by small-scale producers are essential for the conservation of biodiversity and natural resources. Studying family farming in Pará allows for a deeper understanding of its specificities and challenges, providing valuable insights for the development of more effective and inclusive public policies. This study aims to analyze, based on data provided by the 2017 Agricultural Census, the role of family farming in rural production in Pará, with an emphasis on its contribution to the supply of the domestic market. The research seeks to answer the following question: “What is the role of family farming in rural production in Pará, considering its contribution to the supply of the domestic market, based on the 2017 Agricultural Census?”. Employing a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative and quantitative methodologies, the study explores the nuances and qualitative aspects of family farming's contribution, including the social, cultural, and economic dynamics that permeate this activity, as well as the challenges faced by small producers. On the other hand, the quantitative analysis provides an objective view of the sector's contribution, using data on agricultural production. The analytical method is based on the description of variables related to family farming and the evolution of agricultural production. For this, data from the 2017 Agricultural Census are used, covering areas such as rural agroindustry, livestock, forestry, temporary and permanent crops, plant extraction, floriculture, and horticulture. The results indicate that family farming also stands out in the supply of higher value-added products, such as fruits, vegetables, and legumes. These crops, which require specialized management and are market-oriented, are fundamental to the supply of local fairs and markets in urban areas, establishing a direct connection between rural and urban spaces. This productive diversification not only strengthens family farming but also ensures an efficient local supply chain, reducing dependency on large producers and external products. By focusing on the domestic market, small-scale farmers guarantee a continuous supply of essential products, particularly in times of crisis or logistical challenges.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Agricultura praticada no espaço urbano: o caso do bairro Almir Gabriel em Marituba - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-12) ROSA, Ciria Cristiane da; FOLHES, Ricardo Theophilo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5612208724254738
Marituba is a municipality located in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, State of Pará. From 2006 to 2017 years, an agricultural census was carried out, during this period 11 years there has been a decline of 65% of family production units. That reduction is associated with numerous factors such as: the aging of farmers, lack of interest from younger people, lack of public policies and of technical assistance and rural extension. In addition to these aspects, there was an increase population in the municipality. The agriculture that is developed in the municipality supplies the markets of the capital of Pará and is characterized as small lots – sites or agroforestry backyards – in which farmers develop a variety of crops within urban areas. Almir Gabriel is a neighborhood that used to be a farm and went through an occupation process, during the demarcation of the place agricultural production plots and areas intended for housing were divided. So, the study has the following question: with the expansion of urbanization in the neighborhood, lots and agricultural land are failing to develop agriculture due to other forms of land use and conversion of urban space? For To answer this question, we sought to achieve the general objective: to understand how the production of urban space affects agricultural activities in the city. the specifics objectives are: To get information about territorial aspects, urban areas and the characteristics of urban agriculture in Marituba. To Check the actions developed by institutions dealing with agriculture in the municipality. To identify the perceptions of farmers in the Almir Gabriel neighborhood about the urbanization taking place in the locality. As for the methodological procedures, this is a research with a qualitative approach, with use of methods quantitative data described in tables and graphs, consultations with bibliographies and documents, in addition to semi-structured interviews with farmers and managers public. the areas were sold and incorporated into a process of real estate speculation and there is an advance in the urbanization of space demarcated to agriculture, causing environmental damage.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Amazonas e Pará: promotorias de justiça ambiental x gestão institucional nos Ministérios públicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-23) MENDES, Rosivane de Souza; SIMONIAN, Ligia Terezinha Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6620574987436911
This dissertation discusses the legal defense of the environment as a fundamental right, presenting the environmental justice system and legal institutions used in this system. Brings the history of the Public Ministry (MP), identifying its institutional mission, especially in the environmental harvest. It is observed that the Prosecutor of Justice of the capital of Amazonas and Pará there are weaknesses created in the sphere of management, which affect the performance of prosecutors, especially in the environmental area. The survey results indicate that the MPs performance has resulted in the timely execution of the special environmental legislation, due to the set of administrative rules that define an institutional design that vulnerabiliza the performance of the Prosecutor. This scenario makes it difficult to implement the rules of the game, provided for in environmental regulation, growing the legalization of phenomenon of the environment in the Amazon
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Ameaça aos habitats: avaliação da cobertura e uso da terra na área do município de Tailândia (PA) pela monocultura da palma de óleo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-01) FERNANDES, Bianca Moraes; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290
One of the main catalysts for endangered species is habitat loss. Therefore, the assessment of land cover and use in the municipality of Tailândia, which is the largest producer of palm oil in the state of Pará, seeks to understand how monoculture can impact on the region's biomes and subsequently the habitats of endemic species. This understanding is based on the theoretical framework of ecological economics, the counter-discourse of sustainable development and Indigenous authors. To understand how biodiversity loss occurs, we use literature on mass extinctions and the Anthropocene. Finally, we seek to trace the path of palm oil to the Amazon, where its monoculture has affected the entire region socio-environmentally. The maps were produced with images from MapBiomas, which monitors different land uses in Brazil, with the Geographic Information System, using the free software QGIS (3.34), as well as data from the IBGE. Extinction is evaluated using the threat scale established by the IUCN, which together with ICMBio, and its SALVE system, SiBBr and GBIF, are used to assess which species occur in the Amazon biome area that are threatened with extinction and could be impacted by palm oil monoculture in the region. As a result, it is possible to observe that there is a large occurrence of species in the geographical area, and there are also records of endangered species that inhabit or pass through the area of the municipality of Tailândia (PA). The SALVE system has records of 223 endangered species that occur in the state of Pará. In SiBBr, there are records of 2,211 species occurring in the municipality of Tailândia. In GBIF, 1,362 occurrences of species were recorded in the municipality of Tailândia.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da qualidade de Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) para licenciamento de mineradoras no estado do Amapá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-20) LOBO, Ivonês Damasceno; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290
In the context of sustainable development, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) emerges as an essential instrument in the environmental licensing process for public or private ventures with significant impacts. In Brazil, the Resolution No. 01/1986 of CONAMA (National Environmental Council) established basic criteria for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Impact Report (RIMA). However, globalization has driven changes in production patterns, leading to the emergence of corporate interests seeking to relax environmental licensing rules. This trend, particularly evident during the administrations of Temer and Bolsonaro, has resulted in policies more favorable to the business sector, including proposals for mineral exploration in indigenous lands. In the Amazon, this translates into a history of Large Projects that often exploit the region to the benefit of other parts of the country, leaving negative socio-environmental impacts. The quality of EIAs for mining enterprises in the state of Amapá is a point of concern, especially considering the dismantling of the environmental licensing process in Brazil since the 1980s. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the quality of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) of mining ventures in the state of Amapá. The research problem to be addressed is: How have quality standards been implemented in Environmental Impact Assessments conducted by mining enterprises in Amapá? To achieve this, the quality of three mining EIAs for mining projects in the state of Amapá will be assessed using the internationally recognized Lee and Colley Review Package methodology. The results indicate that the studies are “unsatisfactory due to important omissions or inadequate points”.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Ar da cidade liberta? a relação entre a universidade e o entorno à luz do direito à cidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-11-04) SILVEIRA, Mozart Victor Ramos; TRINDADE JÚNIOR, Saint-Clair Cordeiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1762041788112837
The Federal University of Pará is an autarchy under special functions that go beyond teaching, passing by research and extension. Within its institutional mission, this research deals with the relationship of the Federal University of Pará with their surrounding neighborhoods, from the point of view of the right to the city, analyzing the bias of democratic instruments to guarantee that right. Therefore, we used studies and concepts of Administrative Law and Urban Law, beyond the categories of autonomy and heteronomy of Castoriadis and the reflections on the right to the city of Lefebvre, which substantiate the conceptual framework of the research. Nevertheless, we worked the categories related to urban development and their relationship to social movements, and the role of the Federal University of Pará in this context. Through research in relevant legislation, direct observation, iconography and interviews with residents of the neighborhoods surrounding the university and also with members of the technical-administrative, especially those related to the Commission on Regularization of Land. After analyzing the results, it was concluded that the relationship of the University with its surroundings, from the point of view of the right to the city, occurs in a complex way. The Federal University of Pará, through extension has achieved good results with regard to the regularization of the surroundings, but as it relates to participation, given the legal context, there are contradictions that limit the participation of the surrounding neighborhoods
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Arranjo produtivo local da opala no município de Pedro II - PI como instrumento de desenvolvimento sustentável a partir da mineração
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-03-28) SOUSA JÚNIOR, Dilmo Vieira de; MATHIS, Armin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8365078023155571; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-9391
Sustainable development is development capable of meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability to meet the needs of future generations. It is progress that does not deplete resources for the future, seeking to maintain a balance between social, environmental and economic aspects. Local Productive Arrangements (APLs) are a set of economic, political and social agents located in the same territory, developing related economic activities and that present expressive links of production, interaction, cooperation and learning. Mining is considered by many to be one of the basic sectors of the economy, both for its decisive contribution to the well-being and improvement of the quality of life of present and future generations, and for the contribution it makes to the development of a just and balanced society. to the extent that it requires concrete actions aimed at sustainability from its members. The cooperative network project of the opal productive arrangement in the Pedro II-PI region, aims to increase productivity from mining and consolidate the opal productive chain through a comprehensive and cooperative approach. The general objective of this study is to analyze the factors that hinder the operation of the opal APL as an instrument of sustainable development in Pedro II - PI. The methodology to be used in this research will be of an interpretative qualitative nature and will be based on the methodology of case studies involving the triangulation of data obtained through observation, documentary research and field research that will be interpreted through content analysis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do modelo de monitoramento ambiental no Estado do Pará: estudo de caso da SEMA/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-24) SOUSA, Rodolfo Gadelha de; SZLAFSZTEIN, Claudio Fabian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1348005678649555
One of the approaches to prevent and control environmental crises must be originated in public environmental management, particularly in the integration of its instruments: licensing, monitoring and enforcement. Monitoring has a strategic role in this process, because it is essential to decision-making in licensing activity and in supporting enforcement. However, environmental monitoring is a complex issue. In Pará, the structure of the Secretariat of State for the Environment, qualified to perform this function and the demands arising from the decentralization of environmental management and Complementary Law 140/2011, require that the state agency enhances its monitoring mechanisms of environmental management. Although there is no universal solution to do environmental monitoring, this research intends to discuss a model of government monitoring beyond the requirement of formal and bureaucratic licensing agencies to monitor its projects approved. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the model of environmental monitoring as a tool for environmental management in the state of Pará, through the description of the model adopted, as well as the analysis of the causes and consequences of this model, particularly for forest management plans licensed by SEMA/PA. It also aimed to propose a strategy for environmental monitoring in the state. For this reason, the object of study at was SEMA/PA and the case study method was used, following three steps: data collection, through the agency reports and interviews; data processing, based on route guidance to characterize both the monitoring model, as well as the institutional capacity of the state agency; and, generation of results, producing a descriptive matrix of the monitoring model, which allowed to identify the strengths and barriers to the purpose of environmental monitoring in Pará, thus guiding the adaptation and recasting of the model adopted. The results show that in general there is not an institutional strategy of SEMA/PA systematic environmental monitoring, both for licensing programs and projects, as for environmental quality standards. Specifically, there are several shortcomings in the monitoring model adopted by SEMA/PA and described in this study, related to the low transparency of information, lack of procedures and work routines, lack of resources and functions of systematic monitoring in systems SIMLAM and SISFLORA, as well as gaps in monitoring of forest management plans. To address this situation it is necessary to build participatory construction by SEMA/PA of an institutional model based on principles of administrative transparency and systematic monitoring, which subsidizes and gives feedback cyclically to the instances of (re-) planning of environmental licensing and enforcement, generating alerts for immediate action
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do projeto público “Paragominas: Município Verde” sob a ótica das mudanças climáticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-04-04) SILVA, Laryssa de Cassia Tork da; SZLAFSZTEIN, Claudio Fabian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1348005678649555
The Paragominas municipality, located in the northeastern portion of Para state, has a history that expresses very well the environmental problem of Amazon deforestation, integrating the first two major deforester’s lists released by MMA in 2008 and 2009. After Paragominas inclusion on the list, local farmers began to suffer various penalties such as restrictions to agricultural credit and reduction of the consumer market. In early 2008, the municipal government held a local seminar seeking for solutions. At the end of the event, the organizations adhered to the Zero Deforestation Pact, aiming to eliminate deforestation and forest degradation from the adoption of sustainable practices. Thus, inaugurating "Paragominas: Green City" project. After two years suffering from restrictions and embargoes, goals accomplishment and demands adequacy, such as deforestation reduction to less than 40 km² in a year and CAR fulfill in more than 80% of county farms, caused the removal of Paragominas municipality from deforester’s list and the project "Paragominas: Green County" was widely reported in the media as responsible for bringing many benefits to the city, becoming the reference environmental standpoint. It is believed, however, that "Paragominas: Green City" project is actually a reflection of the new legal demands established by the Brazilian Federal Government to combat illegal logging and climate change. In other words, it is part of a larger goal to identify new pathways, and practical solutions to fight back changes brought by climate variability specially by reducing greenhouse gases emissions in particular from land use land cover change on the Brazilian Amazon. In this sense, the present work aims to evaluate the "Paragominas: Green City" project as a practical adaptation to climate variability into the context of mitigation of global climate change. The methodology involves two steps: gathering and analysis of bibliographic and documentary references and application of semi-structured interviews with the main stakeholders, based on the application of the Index of Utilidad de Prácticas de Adaptación (IUPA)presented and adapted from the paper "IUPA: a tool for the evaluation of the general usefulness of practices for adaptation to climate change and variability, "prepared by Debels et al. (2009), focusing on variables of effectiveness, efficiency, social participation, sustainability and replicability of the project. However, the "Paragominas: Green City" project can be clearly understood as a result of new environmental demands, resulting from the need for new alternatives to the impacts of climate variability. The initial goal of the project was just the removal of Paragominas municipality from the of embargoed list. Although due to the great repercussion and achieved results, the project gained new directions, becoming an important tool in combating the greenhouse gases emission problem. Nevertheless, it still needs some adjustments to truly be classified as a powerful climate adaptation practice with ample potential to combat and mitigate the changes associated to climate change
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Campesinato e agronegócio do dendê no Ramal do Cravo (Acará/PA): disputas em torno da terra e futuro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-15) AQUINO JUNIOR, Paulo Olivio Correa de; GONÇALVES, Marcela Vecchione; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9274854854102856
This work deals with disputes around the Earth and future from a small community of inland Acará (PA)named São Francisco do Cravo. Methodologically, i made a triadc option to approach the subject, reflecting onthe peasant community, agribusiness palm oil company and the State, namely, São Francisco do Cravo, theBiopalma SA and different levels of government in Brazil, taking the concept of territory by Oliveira (2003) andthe Situational Analysis presented by T. Murray Li (2014) theoretical that assisted in the management of fieldinformation, documentary sources and interviews carried out over these three years of research. I understand thatreflect the implantation and advancement of Amazonian agribusiness in the Amazon, particularly in the northeastof Para, means considering the projects and models that have been identified as alternatives for the developmentof the region. The peasantry present in the community, in turn, manifests in their practices the will to remain onthe land and continue reproducing as a class and way of life (SHANIN, 2008), from small-scale agriculturebased on family work. In the meantime, it is sought here to reflect on how the ongoing land disputes constituteand lead to disputes over the future.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uma Cartografia do lixo em Belém (PA): distribuição espacial de depósitos irregulares de lixo e o dever do estado para o desenvolvimento sustentável
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-17) GONÇALVES, Diego Andrews Hayden; CORBIN, Hisakhana Pahoona; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3256845970027095
This research sought to analyze the spatial distribution of informal deposits of solid waste (dumpsites) and the State's role in terms of waste management while seeking to foster socioenvironmental sustainability of Belém. For this reason, a mixed methods case study was undertaken, as qualitative and quantitative data were collected from multiple sources. The research confirmed that the spatial dispersion of garbage in Belém does not follow a specific dispersion pattern. In this sense, numerous small-sized garbage dumps are spread across different neighborhoods, especially the so-called peripheral ones, on heavily trafficked avenues, on cycle lanes, on sidewalks, in front of commercial establishments, on deteriorated infrastructure, in front of uninhabited residences, at the entrances to small residential streets, and the banks of urban canals. As it relates to waste management, the municipality has been looking for ways to address illegal dumping of waste in the city, but it has not been successful in solving this problem, which is characterized by a range of socio-environmental, legal, and other consequences.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Cidade & a soja: impactos da produção e da circulação de grãos nos circuitos da economia urbana de Santarém-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-06) TRINDADE, Gesiane Oliveira da; TRINDADE JÚNIOR, Saint-Clair Cordeiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1762041788112837
The present work analyzes the urbanization and the production of urban space of Santarém (PA) under the impacts of the expansion of agribusiness boosted grain in the Municipality since the implementation of the Multinational Cargill Grain port S/A in 2003. In the Research the urbanization is comprised based on Milton Santos, who claims the city consists of two economic circuits: the upper and the lower circuit circuit of the urban economy. Such circuits are a result of different access and consumption of social classes especially in underdeveloped countries. Were selected for the analysis, representing the upper circuit, the new products, companies and demands that they enter in Santarém with the diffusion of the grains. For the analysis of the lower circuit were selected trade fairs of the Association of Rural Producers of Santarém (APRUSAN). Such a choice is justified for these being composed mainly of small producers from rural areas, those who have their food production directly hit by the impacts of grain production in Santarém rural areas. In the process of expansion of the agricultural frontier, the State (federal, State and municipal) was one of the main inductors and their actions have taken place through plans, projects and programs that have created necessary conditions for the arrival and the permanence of soybean in Santarém. The partnership made between Cargill and the Santarém's city hall was responsible for interventions and changes in fragments of urban space. Such actions have been developed to mitigate serious social problems generated by the presence of grains, among them: the extinction of rural communities, the urban periphery and the new demands for municipal services. Although the dynamic of the grains has promoted the densification of the upper circuit through the presence of companies linked to the sector, it cannot be translated as endogenous socio-spatial development, once that connect notably with logical and extraregional interests. On the other hand, the culture of the grains at high scale has affected negatively the lower circuit of the urban economy, exemplified by the fairs of the Association of rural producers of Santarém (ARPS), since in its productive process hits the small production through the chemicals products used in the fields of soybeans and on expropriation of rural areas
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Cidade dos invisíveis? Indígenas e impactos de políticas neodesenvolvimentistas em Altamira, sudoeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-08-29) CARDOSO, Suelem Maciel; PEREIRA, José Carlos Matos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5035063852013346; TRINDADE JÚNIOR, Saint-Clair Cordeiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1762041788112837
From an interdisciplinary perspective, this research meets the theme "indigenous people in cities of large projects". Analyzing the presence and meaning of indigenous peoples in the middle city of Altamira in the context of large Amazonian projects, associated with the neodevelopment model, in the most recent period, is its main objective. In this sense, the urban space is our focus of empirical analysis, being the target of many public and private policies conflicting with the ways of life of a city with a strong link with the Xingu River. To systematize the research, we use the following methodological procedures: a) theoretical-conceptual bibliographic review of themes pertinent to the research; b) historical-geographic revision on the socio-spatial formation of the city of Altamira; c) survey of primary and secondary data on indigenous peoples in the city of Altamira and their ways of life, as well as their significance in the context of urban and regional development policies and the mitigation and compensation of impacts of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant; d) individual recorded interviews with semi-structured questions. With the implementation of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant, in the sub-region of the Southwest of paraense and the middle course of the Xingu River, in the scope of neo-developmental policies, many rights of the Xingu-indigenous peoples have been violated. From the enterprise, the movement for rights struggle and specific policies for this differentiated population was increased, especially in the intra-urban space of Altamira, which was reflected in the increase in the number of indigenous organizations and their associates in the city. The set of policies designed for the region and the city to develop and mitigate or compensate for impacts of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant, despite the fact that their diagnoses are attentive to some particularities, such as the indigenous presence and their way of life, has not been taken into account
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Cidade e seus sentidos: análise dos discursos que embasam projetos de requalificação urbana em Belém (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-17) DANTAS, Adailson Soares; TRINDADE JÚNIOR, Saint-Clair Cordeiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1762041788112837
This work investigates the discursive dimension of the urban space of Belém (PA). In this way, the significant body of the city is considered from a perspective that considers it a privileged space for the production and confrontation of meanings, many of which imposed by hegemonic discursive subjects that are not always explicit. Therefore, the objective is to identify, characterize and analyze the discursive strategies and their enunciating subjects that guide the symbolic production, but also material, of the urban space in the capital of Pará from two current interventions of urban requalification: “Projeto Belém Porto Futuro” and “Novo Mercado de São Brás”. For this, Michel Pêcheux's Discourse Analysis was used as the main theoretical and analytical device for data interpretation, and Henri Lefebvre's notions and concepts about the production of space as secondary theories. First, a literature review was undertaken to find the historical and ideological conditions for the production of a hegemonic discourse about the way of thinking, interpreting, planning and building urban space. Afterwards, the displacement of the meanings of the discourses and its materialization in the urban space of the cities were investigated, in a chain that permeates the global, national, and reaches the local scale. In this investigation, a discursive corpus was constituted witch includes documents, laws, notices, news, photos and videos, newspaper and magazine reports, descriptive memorials and 3D images of the project’s electronic models that are the target of investigation. The discursive analysis of this corpus allowed us to discover that hegemonic discourses guide, through displacement of meanings, the conceptions of urban planning and the material production of architectural forms in the city of Belém (PA). These discourses establish a "marketing" and competitive logic, which intends to establish conservative economic growth and urban development models, which are based, above all, on the urban, architectural and landscape requalification of places, aiming at both the economic growth of the city and its tourist projection in a globalized scenario.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Cogestão de recursos em reserva extrativista da Amazônia: o caso da Resex Terra Grande-Pracuúba, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-11-24) MAGNO, Giselle Gomes; AZEVEDO-RAMOS, Claudia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1968630321407619
The Extractive Reserves (Resex) of the Amazon represent a natural laboratory for studies of models of co-management of shared resources between the State (manager) and communities (residents). The premise of a shared management or co-management model starts from the construction of cooperation between individuals and/or institutions that use resources through participatory mechanisms and processes implemented to create support for the cooperation of groups that use resources (eg, territory, extractive area and natural resources). This study analyzes the adherence of the governance system of the Resex Terra Grande-Pracuúba, located on Ilha de Marajó, Pará, Brazil, to the principles considered necessary for the construction of an effective co-management for the governance of common use resources. In addition to identifying the relationship of forces between the State and the traditional population in the management of resources and in the use of the territory, mainly in decision-making and in conflict resolution, evaluating the arenas of concertation and their relationships. The study made it possible to identify, through documents and interviews, some principles that reached greater maturity in the implementation eg: Defined limits, Congruence between appropriation and provision rules and local conditions, Minimum recognition of organizational rights; Nested enterprises) and where improvement is needed (eg, Collective Choice Arrangements; Monitoring; Graduated Sanctions; Conflict Resolution Mechanisms). The hierarchical relationship between the decision-making arenas exist (local meetings would support the meetings by poles, which in turn would support the Management Board). However, they are still fragile in terms of their frequency, functioning and protagonism of communities and ICMBio in issues associated with co-management of the territory. The transgression of governance principles for the use of resources and territory can be illustrated both by the lack of fundamental management instruments for the administration of the RESEX, such as a Management Plan, which makes it difficult to organize economic and environmental actions on the use of resources within the Unit, but also (and mainly) due to the ineffectiveness of the co management instruments already implemented. The good participation of the actors indicates that there is interest in these spaces, however bureaucratic and unilateral interests can inhibit active participation. The analysis of the co-management of the Terra Grande-Pracuúba Extractive Reserve concludes that the governance system implemented was not effective in the shared management of the use of natural resources and territory. In addition, decision-making in collective arenas presented difficulties in applying the rules for the use of natural resources and territory for the pacification of conflicts, for the reproduction of the traditional way of life and for the support of cooperation between groups of users.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comunidades ribeirinhas no processo de consolidação fundiária do Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Metrópole da Amazônia-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019) BARBOSA, Leonard Jéferson Grala; BAHIA, Mirleide Chaar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6052323981745384
The Paraense Amazon region is mentioned in different moments of global history, among which the ones related to the economic processes that connect Brazil to the world markets. In this context, the period of rubber extraction is responsible for profound changes in the state of Pará, especially in the Metropolitan Region of Belém (RMB). To meet the advancement of this market, large companies began to explore the syringe trees from the tidy planting. As an example, the company Pirelli S/A settled in an area that covers four municipalities of the RMB and established its activities from the local workforce. In turn, these workers and their families had resided in the area since ancient times. With the bankruptcy of this company and after conflicting moments between this and the families employed, the area passes to the power of the government of the state of Pará that turns it into a Conservation Unit (UC) of integral protection whose Management Plan (better known as Management Plan) was elaborated only ten years after its creation (IDEFLOR-BIO, 2018a). The elaboration of this plan has marked a new stage in the life of these riverine families of Ponta Negra and Santo Amaro. This research brings reflections on the historical constitution of the current integral protection unit, which is intertwined with the presence of families of riverine populations, whose general objective is to analyze how the territoriality of the riverside communities of the Wildlife Refuge can influence land regularization actions and/or recognition of public power in the construction of legal instruments. To that end, methodologies related to Oral Thematic History (BOM MEIHY, 1996) were used, which allowed to understand some of the mechanisms that led the Managing Body of the UC (IDEFLOR-Bio) to allow these communities to maintain their residences in the area, with the right to use of the forest for their livelihoods, something unusual in a UC of Integral Protection. Documentary and bibliographical research were used, combined with interviews with the different groups involved in the process of consolidating the presence of families within the UC. From the information obtained, it was possible to perceive that the resistance of the riverside communities to maintain their residences contributed to an initial recognition process, which, however, still needs to be deepened with more permanent guarantees of housing and maintenance of their traditional way of life.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comuns em cercamento: uma análise do protocolo comunitário do Bailique, Amapá, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) MONTEIRO, Igor Alexandre Pinheiro; GONÇALVES, Marcela Vecchione; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9274854854102856
Community practices organizing and regulating the use and the settings of the commons are permeated by specific connections to land. Also, these practices are informed by ways of relating to nature which may constitute ways of resisting to the manner capital is organized and set up as well to the mercantilized relations that constitutes it. Frequently, such relations limit traditional communities actions amidst their self governance processes. We believe these limitations are enabled on the juridical, the physical (land) and the political, building upon in what we will call as enclosures. Such enclosures operate by destructuring complex social organizations and complex political dynamics of production and reproduction which shape community relations in practice - the very actions we consider as the Commons, as according to Dardot and Laval (2016). In order to observe the enclousre of the commons, this research will focus on the elaboration process of the Bailique Community Protocol, between 2016 and 2017. Based on it, we argue that enclosures may be happening over some communities, participants of the process carried on at the Bailique Archipelago, while they were builiding the community protocol to protect their knowledge, their territory so much so that to contribute with local development. The analysis of the changes provoked on the social organization and on the relation with the land departing from the community protocol helps us in understanding how the neoliberal rationality can limit the scope and the efficacy of juridical protections of communities as well as the physical spaces necessary for their social reproduction. This movement weaken communities' agency, opening space for the advancement of the mercantilization of nature. We approach this debate inspired by the reflections on the rationality of the commons and based on fieldwork lying on the activist research method that invokes the research should be politically aligned to the problems faced and pointed out as important by the very groups we work with.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Consulta prévia no Estado do Pará: um estudo sob a perspectiva interdisciplinar da participação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06-11) MENDONÇA, Ygor de Siqueira Mendes; SIMONIAN, Ligia Terezinha Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6620574987436911
The historical process in favor of the rights of traditional peoples and communities runs from the period of the Industrial Revolution to the current hierarchical relations of power in society. In this context, the creation of Convention 169 (C169) of the International Labour Organization (ILO) aimed to break the integrationist character of these humanitarian groups into national society and to promote, above all, the autonomy and self-determination of its subjects. By establishing the right to the Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) whenever administrative or legislative laws affect their way of life, development and subsistence, C169 has also sought to ensure the full participation of these actors in making decisions, especially through intercultural dialogue and communicative actions among those interested in the construction of laws. However, because of the existing regulatory shortcomings in the immediate effects and the means by which the consultation has been realized, the paths traced to the present moment are directed at the ineffectiveness in guarantee the traditional communities rights. For this reason, it is incumbent upon governments to promote adequate instruments to guarantee consultation and legitimize participation, to focus on participation itself, which limits consultation to a mere space for the exchange of information and limits the hierarchical power. Thus, in order to resolve the obstacles of the Free and Informed Consent in a regional context, the state government of Pará promulgated Executive Decrees 1.969/2018 and 2.061/2018. The result of the state's conduct came with the strengthening of the selfenforceability of FPIC's right, which opposed to an explicit violation of the right to participate. Thus, and in view of the need to promote an up-to-date look at the Free and Informed Consent right, it is the general objective of this dissertation to analyze government conduct in contraposition to the right to FPIC, specially participation. Therefore, from an interdisciplinary approach, the methodological procedures are based on a research of a qualitative nature and constructed through the hypothetical-deductive method. The research procedure adopted was the study case and the research techniques were focused on the collection of documentary, bibliographic data and interviews with two representatives of traditional communities of Para. From this methodological structure, it was possible to conclude by the misguided and contradictory conduct of the Para government, that the violation of the C169 proved to be uncontroversial, especially in light of the prior and proper participation. In addition, it was concluded that, as an alternative to attempts to regulate the right of Free and Informed Consent, the Consultative Protocols have gained space and normative force as an instrument of empowerment and self-government of traditional peoples and communities, in order to allow the formalization of their respective aspirations, worldviews and internal demands. In this direction, it is incumbent upon the State to promote awareness, feasibility and, above all, the full effectiveness of these instruments, as well as the creation of effective participatory spaces that consolidate the growth of ascendant power beyond the requirement of consent or attempts in their standardization.