Artigos Científicos - FAPSI/IFCH

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2256

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Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 85

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Gênero, o que é isso?
(1995) GUEDES, Maria Eunice Figueiredo
Aceitando o desafio que é discutir um tema tão complexo e ainda não bem delimitado pelos vários ramos das ciências, sejam elas humanas ou naturais, propomo-nos rastrear o conceito GÊNERO, no âmbito do seu significado lingüístico, passando pela utilização do termo pelos movimentos de mulheres e pela Academia. Neste caminhar, percebe-se uma articulação entre movimentos sociais, especificamente o Feminismo, e as concepções teóricas emergentes no Brasil hoje.
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Abordagem biocomportamental: síntese da análise do comportamento?
(1997) CAVALCANTE, Simone Neno
This papel provides a general discussion of the biobehavioral approach as discussed by Donahoe, Burgos, and Palmer, (1993) and Donahoe and Palmer, 1994). It raises the hypothesis that a synthetic theory on the origin of complex behavior would show how the cumulative effects of relatively simple reinforcement processes lead to the diversity and complexity of human behavior. These authors used computer simulations to generate analogues of complex behavioral phenomena, integrated with neurological processes that have been established through experimental analysis. This integration between behavioral and neuroscientific findings may constitute a synthesis which might claim behavioral complexity as being of its domain.
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Notas sobre o fenômeno depressão a partir de uma perspectiva analítico-comportamental
(1997) SILVA, Simone Maria Neno
Este trabalho aborda a depressão de acordo com o referencial teórico da análise do comportamento e, a partir do trabalho de Dougher e Hackbert (1994), discute alguns sintomas desse fenômeno em relação a conceitos e princípios comportamentais estabelecidos, sem a intenção de avaliar estratégias de tratamento. Basicamente, argumenta-se que no âmbito de uma perspectiva analítico-comportamental a depressão deve ser entendida como um conjunto complexo de comportamentos; um padrão de interação com o ambiente. Por essa ótica, não há como compreender o comportamento depressivo sem recorrer a uma análise funcional do mesmo em relação ao contexto particular no qual ocorre.
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Interação entre irmãos em situação de cuidados formais
(1999) FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; METTEL, Thereza Pontual de Lemos
This research aims at describing the characteristics of families where older children are responsible for carrying out chores and looking after their younger siblings while in their parents absence. Twenty families from Vila Paranoá (a slum in the outskirts of Brasília, Brasil), with one to sixteen year-old children were the subjects of this study. The data were picked up from interviews and sessions of systematic observation of behavior in natural environment. These sessions were carried out during lunch time. The analysis placed emphasis on family organization, performance in home tasks and sibling interation. It has been possible to classify the families into three qualitative groups. The results are discussed in terms of need considering factors of social order in the analysis of family group.
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Escala de significado do dinheiro: desenvolvimento e validação
(1999-08) MOREIRA, Alice da Silva; TAMAYO, Alvaro
The lack of reliable measurement tools has delayed the development of psychological research about money and related phenomena. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a Meaning of Money Scale. To develop the scale, preliminary data were collected using a heterogeneous sample of 61 subjects and organised through procedure including content, combinatory, semantic, by judges, and based on social sciences theoretical analysis. This resulted in a 10 factors hypothetical model. The scale was validated in a heterogeneous sample with 1464 subjects from all Brazilian regions. Results pointed to an orthogonal multifactorial structure, separately confirmed to men and women, and composed by 9 components: Cronbach alpha ranged from 0,70 to 0,88 to 6 components, and the others were 0,66, 0,67 and 0,57. Comparing to previous studies, this scale presents advances and generates new possibilities to psychological research about money related subjects.
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Fronteiras entre análise do comportamento e fisiologia: Skinner e a temática dos eventos privados
(2000) TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; TEIXEIRA, Eveny da Rocha; MACIEL, Josiane Miranda
This study examines B. F. Skinner´s references to physiology in publications dealing with private events, in order to identify elements for a clearer definition of the relations between behavior analysis and physiology. Skinner´s contributions were analyzed with reference to six thematic categories: a) biological variables as constitutive, albeit non-defining properties of private behavioral phenomena; b) the autonomous nature of the behavioral-analytical approach in the face of biological/physiological facts; c) limits of behavior control by internal/physiological events; d) private behavior as behavior of the organism as a whole; e) a distinction between privileged access and privileged knowledge; f) retention of the behavioral analytical approach in applied behavior analysis. Skinner´s propositions concerning the described categories are discussed as original in defining the field of a science of behavior and capable of providing a coherent guide for establishing clear-cut limits between behavior analysis and physiology as independent and complementary disciplines.
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Comportamento privado: acessibilidade e relação com comportamento público
(2001) SIMONASSI, Lurismario Ernesto; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; SILVA, André Vasconcelos da
This study empirically analyzed behaviors inaccessible to public observation. Using a procedure that experimentally turned public previously covert responses through the resolution of problems, it was possible to verify 1) the effectiveness of contingencies programmed to turn public previously covert precurrent responses; 2) the relationship between covert verbal responses and programmed contingencies; and, 3) the subsequent probability of behaviors under control of stimuli generated by the covert response to be positively reinforced. Sixty-four human subjects distributed in two conditions Complex and Simple participated in the study. After each attempt, informative responses and written responses about the resolution of problems were obtained. The results show that task complexity did not interfere with the private characteristic of the responses and that the social contingencies turned public the precurrent responses in the problem resolution. This procedure gives empirical evidence to some propositions established by radical behaviorists and offers new questions for the discussion of private events.
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Desempenho de crianças do ensino fundamental na solução de problemas aritméticos
(2001-06) OLIVEIRA, Marinalva Silva; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury
Performance of children of the elementary school in arithmetics problems solving This study compared the performance of students of the first year of the elementary school (groups 1F and 1IN) and students of the second year of elementary school (groups 2F and 2IN), tested at the beginning (IN) or at the end of the school year (F), in mathematical problems solving. Thirty eight participants divided into 4 groups were submitted to the same procedure, that consisted in mathematical problems oral presentation. After each answer the participants were asked about form of solution. Data was analysed related to the amount of correct answers and the strategies employed. Correct answers and the use of writing were more frequent in Group 2F and less frequent in Group 1IN. Groups 2F and 1F showed a more frequent use of algorithms. Results also show a better performance of Group 1F related to Group 2IN, suggesting that the history of recent frequency to school favours the performance of the participants.
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Perigo, probabilidade e oportunidade: a linguagem dos riscos na mídia
(2002) SPINK, Mary Jane Paris; DANTAS, Benedito Medrado; MÉLLO, Ricardo Pimentel
Based on the assumption that risk is a central concept in contemporary society, the study aims to understand the role of the media in the circulation and consolidation of the language of risks. The Folha de S. Paulo, a major Brazilian newspaper, was used as a source of data. Research procedures involved: 1) mapping the diversity of terms used for talking about the possibility of occurrence of events seen as occasions for loss or gain; 2) diachronic analysis of a representative sample of news-items with the word risk on the title (1921-1998); 3) analysis of the use of the language of risks by subject area (CD-Rom Folha, 1994-1997). The results suggest that the use of the language of risks in the media is recent and diversified with emphasis on both, the formal language of risk calculations and its metaphoric use for talking about disorder in contemporary society.
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Escola experimental de primatas
(2002-07) GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; ROCHA, Aline Cardoso; MENDONÇA, Mariana Barreira; GOULART, Paulo Roney Kilpp
Equating, metaphorically, the terms "lab" and "school", this article presents an experimental research program aiming to develop procedures to build symbolic repertories in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). The metaphor "lab-school" arises from the similarity of the training procedures, used to teach discriminations or stimulus relations, to teaching programs used to introduce gradually more complex tasks. The challenge has been to keep the behavior of the "learners" under the control of the task properties, as programmed by the experimenter. Results document the acquisition of generalized identity and indicate the possibility of teaching more complex repertoires that are prerequisite for symbolic behavior and the possible application of the developed technology in teaching such repertoires to persons with difficulties to develop conventional symbolic functioning.
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Descrição de algumas variáveis em um procedimento de supervisão de terapia analítica do comportamento
(2003) MOREIRA, Sandra Bernadete da Silva
In this work an analysis of a free, ongoing verbal interaction between therapy supervisor and a beginning therapist was carried out aiming to identify variables involved in the supervision procedure adopted. The participant's verbal behavior was divided into functional classes of responses, named "verbalizations categories", from which all vocal responses could be classified. The results showed a regularity in the supervisor verbal behavior, while the therapist's and client's behavior showed changes along supervision meetings and therapy sessions. The analysis of a free verbal interaction in a dyad allowed to make inferences about some controlling variables in this sort of interaction.
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Dimensão aplicada na análise do comportamento
(2003) STEIN, Silvia Canaan de Oliveira
The present study aimed to exam the logic of the term "applied" in Behavior Analysis, as found in the literature in this area and in everyday language. The conceptions of application were categorized in three groups: a) application as service rendering, leading the discussion to the continuum service rendering x research, which is similar to everyday language use, b) application as a research mode, a revision of the concept of application in everyday language and its extension to scientific activities, turning the discussion to the continuum basic X applied research and c) application as simultaneous activities of research and service rendering which indicates the complementary character of these activities. Therefore, there are coexistent traditions in Behavior Analysis that support different uses of the term "applied".
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Efeito de instruções sobre a demonstração de equivalência entre posições
(2003) MEDEIROS, Carlos Augusto de; RIBEIRO, Antonio de Freitas; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria
Most equivalence studies with humans resulted in stimulus equivalence class formation irrespectively of stimulus characteristics. However, a series of recent studies with location as the relevant stimulus dimension showed mainly negative results. This study intended to verify whether instructions clarifying the participant's tasks would improve his performance in the formation of three equivalence classes composed by the relative locations of nine squares in a three by three matrix. Ten college-student participants received minimal instructions. Eleven other students received additional instructions advising them to consider what they learned to that point (baseline) in the next trials (tests). Ten participants that received additional instructions and five that received minimal instructions formed the three equivalence classes. The additional instructions facilitated equivalence formation. However the present study also differs from previous ones in two aspects: 1) in using a different color for each class, and 2) in allowing a larger number of tests before concluding for the failure to form equivalence, and therefore allowing further opportunity for extinction of responses incompatible with the programmed contingencies.
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Representação mental das relações de apego de um indivíduo diagnosticado com transtorno depressivo maior
(2003-08) AZEVEDO, Celina Monteiro; NASCIMENTO, Lília Nazaré de Souza; MORAES, Marco Aurélio Valle de; SOUZA, Airle Miranda de
The objective of this work was to evaluate the mental representation of attachment relationships in an individual diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder. Previous studies suggested a connection between the attachment relationships established in the familial group and pathological functioning models. A case study was performed with a female patient presenting the disorder, who was attended at Ambulatório de Ansiedade e Depressão of Hospital Universitário Betina Ferro de Souza. Eight domiciliary interviews were carried out. The following instruments were used: a) Interview Script; b) Drawing of the Family; c) Family Drawing Checklist of Signs; e d) Family Drawing Global Rating Scales. The results suggested the establishment of anxious and hesitating attachment relationships, revealing a very high global pathology. We stress, therefore, the importance of a familial environment which would offer attention and care to its members, providing safety and favoring biopsychosocial health.
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A Psicologia como campo de conhecimento e como profissão de ajuda
(2004-04) TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; SILVA, Simone Maria Neno
The present article focuses an interpretation of psychology according to which philosophical/reflexive, empirical, and applied contents account for an original configuration of the discipline. The paper considers some historical facts that ground such configuration, which should be considered in order to achieve a better understanding of the heterogeneity of objects, methods, goals and philosophical commitments of the diverse psychological approaches. Some implications of the model to an appreciation of (academic and non academic) doings in contemporary psychology are then discussed. It is argued that the success of each psychological approach depends, to a certain extent, on its recognition of the multifold character of the psychological field and its capacity to give consistent and integrated responses to the different social demands that give rise to the field.
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Discriminações condicionais após treino de pareamento consistente de estímulos complexos
(2004-08) ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; BAPTISTA, Marcelo Quintino Galvão; KATO, Olivia Misae; MENEZES, Aline Beckmann de Castro
The aim of this study was to verify the formation of conditional discriminations through a consistent matching training procedure with complex sample stimuli. Four university students were trained in the formation of AF, BE e DC conditional relations using simple stimuli and explicit differential reinforcement (Phase 1). They were subjected to consistent matching-to-sample training on the AB-E/F and AD-C/F relations involving complex sample stimuli (Phase 2). These participants were given the transitive and equivalent tests. Training trials were then "dismembered" (simplified) from AB-E/F, and AD-C/F sequences to AB-E; AB-F; AD-C; AD-F sequences, and the students were again tested for transitivity and equivalence (Phase 3). All participants reached the learning criterion. Two of them demonstrated the emergent relations tested before and after simplified training, and demonstrated response stability. These results indicated that the dismembered procedure was appropriate for reversing the restricted stimulus control.
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O jato de ar quente como estímulo punidor em rattus norvegicus
(2005-12) CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; MAESTRI, Thrissy Collares; TOBIAS, Gracy Kelly da Silva; RIBEIRO, Thalita Coutinho; COUTINHO, Eduarda Cristina Notargiacomo Novaes; MICCIONE, Mariana Morais; OLIVEIRA, Rita de Cássia Valente; FERREIRA, Fabiane Soraia da Silva; FARIAS, Danielle Chaves de; MOREIRA, Daniele
In experimental research on aversive control, electric shock has been predominantly used as a punisher stimulus. The present work describes the use of an apparatus that produces a hot air blast which can be an alternative stimulus to be used in research on aversive contingencies. The punishing function of the hot air blast was evaluated in both continuous (CRF) and intermittent (FR3) schedules and, in both cases, a partial suppression (98,4% and 71,15%, respectively) of the lever press responding was found, after a history of the continuous reinforcement. Suppression was bigger when the punishing stimulus was applied continuously and these data corroborate the data obtained with electric shock, described in the literature. Both the apparatus and the stimulus seemed to be appropriate from a technical and scientific perspective and the apparatus may become an attractive alternative from a financial standpoint.
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O behaviorismo radical e a interdisciplinaridade: possibilidade de uma nova síntese?
(2005-12) CHAVES, Evenice Santos; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria
Psychology as science is historically engaged in theoretical disputes resulting from divergent viewpoints concerning the nature of knowledge generated by different epistemological, theoretical and methodological approaches, and by the particular divisions in the subject matter made by the researchers themselves. At the present time, epistemology of the complexity calls attention to the incompleteness, characteristic of scientific knowledge, that in turn affects the conduct of researchers, creating conditions for new dialogues between differing perspectives within and between disciplines. This article proposes a renewal of the dialogue between radical behaviorism and formal critical constructivism that, by emphasizing complementary relationships and opposing polarized thinking which has permeated these disciplines, may result in a new synthesis or new general theory of meaning. A new synthesis between the two approaches would reformulate the understanding of meaning development and the role of the reinforcement in the construction and enhancement of meaning.
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A psicanálise e o complexo de Édipo: (novas) observações a partir de Hamlet
(2006-06) SOUZA, Maurício Rodrigues de
This article is an exercise of comprehension of the Oedipal Complex in Psychoanalysis. Therefore, beyond tracing the development of the concept in the Freud's work, it takes the story of Hamlet as an illustrative device to testify through art the possible manifestations of the oedipian phenomenon. In conclusion, it also emphatises the possible inter-relations between psychoanalysis and tragedy.
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Por uma educação antropológica: comparando as idéias de Bronislaw Malinowski e Paulo Freire
(2006-12) SOUZA, Maurício Rodrigues de
This article analyses the ideas of Malinowski and Paulo Freire proposing some proximities between anthropology and pedagogy. Among the possibilities resulting from such a meeting, one certainly deserves special attention: the recommendation that anthropologists and teachers should always respect the community knowledge previously acquired by students and "natives" as the real starting point for the construction of science. In this way, it is possible to consider that in both disciplines knowledge be associated with a respect for alterity, a lesson they must share not only with other disciplines, but especially with the wider community.