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Artigos Científicos - NUMA

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/3274

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Partnership, empowerment and local development
(2009-12) VASCONCELLOS SOBRINHO, Mário; VASCONCELLOS, Ana Maria de Albuquerque
This paper tries to understand how partnership between local organisations (associations, cooperatives, worker's unions and others) and Government affects local development. It explores to what extent partnership is an effective strategy for local development in areas of historical conflict between local Government and the local organisations that defend the interests of family-based, small-scale rural producers. Particularly, this paper concentrates on debate of partnership as a mechanism of power sharing and empowerment of the people that historically have been excluded from the development process. Empirically, the paper is based on data collected in the municípios of Ourém and Igarapé-Miri, Northeast of Para State, Amazonia, Brazil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
ICMS ecológico como suporte ao Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais (PSA): uma análise para o Estado do Pará
(2011-06) FERREIRA, Ynis Cristine de Santana Martins Lino; VASCONCELLOS SOBRINHO, Mário
The paper debates the ICMS Ecológico (Ecological VAT) implementation in Para State as a form to support the Payment for Environmental Services (PES). It deals with the possibility to transfer part of the financial resources to local communities, especially communities that have been living in protected areas. It takes assumption that local communities produce public benefi ts by contributing to natural resources conservation. The paper concludes that the ICMS Ecológico is a significant economic instrument to support the PSA in Pará. However, it has limitations, difficulties and challenges. There is a need to conciliate the ICMS Ecolológico implementation with a public policy that aims biodiversity conservation and also municípios development from a new economic logic.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pastagens arborizadas no projeto de assentamento benfica, município de Itupiranga, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-08) SANTOS, Alessio Moreira dos; MITJA, Danielle
In the microregion of Marabá - Pará, the cattle pastures of the family farmers present a high diversity of trees and palm trees which have an important role in limiting biodiversity degradation and for its utilities. The study was carried out in 26 properties, where 62 cattle pastures were visited with the farmer. In each cattle pasture, it was listed all trees and palm trees present in the area. Seventy-one species were found, belonging to 32 families of which 9 were stood out with the greatest number of species: Caesalpiniaceae (11), Mimosaceae (10), Arecaceae (4), Lecythidaceae (4), Bignoniaceae (3), Fabaceae ( 3), Moraceae (3), Sapotaceae (3) and Sterculiaceae (3); twenty families present one single species. Twenty-four species (34% of total) belonged to 3 Leguminosae families (Fabaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Mimosaceae). The tree species are held mainly because of the various uses on the property. Out of the 21 species, suitable for afforestation of cattle pasture of farmers of this and other communities, 9 species are particularly recommended because of their fire resistance and for many years of grazing, and because they have two or more uses: Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers., Bertholletia excelsa H. B. K., Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng., Oenocarpus distichus Mart., Astrocaryum tucuma Mart., Swartzia flaemingii Raddi, Apeiba tibourbou Aubl., Cenostigma tocantinum Ducke, Spondias mombin L.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Regime térmico e hídrico do solo para área de floresta tropical em anos de El Niño e La Niña, Caxiuanã-PA: estudo de caso
(2011-09) SANTOS, Sergio Rodrigo Quadros dos; SILVA, Rommel Benicio Costa da; BARRETO, Priscilla Nascimento; NUNES, Hildo Giuseppe Garcia Caldas; RODRIGUES, Ronaldo da Silva; CAMPOS, Thamiris Luisa de Oliveira Bradão
The thermal and hydrologic regime to soil if behave differently in years of occurrence of El Niño, La Niña and that non-occurrence about both (El Niño and La Niña). To study these behaviors, we used data of the hourly total and monthly of rainfall, average hourly and monthly data of soil temperature at depths of 2 cm and 10 cm and soil moisture at depths of 5cm and 20cm, for years the events searched. The results show that the year was about the influence of El Niño had higher temperature and lower values of soil moisture when compared with the year that was on the influence of La Niña. On the other hand the years that there is no occurrence of the phenomena El Niño and La Niña, showed values of soil temperature (moisture) higher (smaller) than the La Niña year, but smaller (higher) than the year of El Niño.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
State-civil society partnership: issues for debate and new researches
(2011-12) VASCONCELLOS SOBRINHO, Mário; VASCONCELLOS, Ana Maria de Albuquerque
In this paper we look at the literature related to partnership between state and civil society, especially partnership between public and non-for-profit organisations. We discuss the differing perspectives of partnership and attempt to identify some of the main theoretical concerns about partnership between state and civil society in the governance context. In this paper, we argue that the historical background of partnership has not been included among factors used in explaining the resort to partnership in governance. In spite of existing analyses showing that partnership brings social benefits in their own right, we try to show that there is no evidence that this ‘social technology’ contributes effectively to bringing power to powerless people and social groups. Most of the literature shows that partnership tries to make relationship between local people and local governance stronger and improve the possibilities for powerless people and social groups to participate in local governance. However, we do not find clear evidence in the literature that partnership allows for a shift in political power. Finally, we show that it is unclear whether the interaction between ordinary people and the state through a participatory process has successfully helped to build social cohesiveness for different social groups. The main contribution of this paper is to expand the understanding of the factors that influence the process of partnership between state and civil society (positively and negatively) for local development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A socio-environmental development programme in action in Brazilian Amazonia
(2012-03) VASCONCELLOS, Ana Maria de Albuquerque; VASCONCELLOS SOBRINHO, Mário
This paper deals with the process of scaling up and scaling down grassroots demands through a state-sponsored socio-environmental development programme in Brazilian Amazonia called Proambiente (Pro-environment). The paper attempts to understand the links between the three different levels of the programme actions: the macro (federal government), intermediate (NGOs), and local (community) levels. The central paper s issue is to understand how a state-sponsored socio-environmental development programme interacts with and impacts local communities. The theoretical paper s framework involves the approaches of participatory development and governance. The methodology is based on three levels of qualitative analysis (macro-, intermediary- and local-level). The paper (a) describes the trajectory of the Proambiente and the process of scaling up communities demands; (b) reveals contradictions within the Proambiente implementation; and (c) debates the impacts of the programme actions at local level. The paper reveals that once the state encompasses local people s demands and creates a development programme, the development model absorbs multi-actor interests that change local people s proposals. It also shows that the challenge facing a socio-environmental development programme like the Proambiente is to find a balance between production and conservation aims.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Social movement, public policy changes and partnerships building for local development
(2012-12) VASCONCELLOS SOBRINHO, Mário; VASCONCELLOS, Ana Maria de Albuquerque
The paper debates the rural social movement's influence on policy changes for small-scale rural producers and the creation of partnerships between Government and Local Organizations for local development in Amazonia, particularly in Pará state. The paper's goal is to examine partnership as a result of an interactive process of both changes of public policies and the demands of social movements. The paper shows that although social movements are part of a relation of conflict between state and society, in Pará they were a precondition for changes in public policy, financing and in the priorities of regional agencies that resulted in propositions for cooperation between local Government and Local Organizations at município level.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ocorrência e usos do tucumã (astrocaryum vulgare mart.) em comunidades ribeirinhas, quilombolas e de agricultores tradicionais no município de Irituia, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-06) LIMA, Lucas Peranovichi; GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; MING, Lin Chau; MACEDO, Magno Roberto Alves
The aim of the study is to demonstrate the occurrence and usage of the Tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.) in rural areas of the Municipality of Irituia, in the State of Pará (Brazil), since the use of the palm part of the traditional culture of communities of farmers, riparian and quilombola, used in curing diseases in human and domestic animals, building shelters, obtaining fibers, production of tools and crafts, hunting and fishing. In addition to the uses reported by the population, tucumã has potential for the production of oil and biodiesel. In this sense, the Federal University of Pará – UFPA, in a partnership with the Irituia’s Municipal Government, is studying the implementation of an oleaginous processing plant in the municipality, among them, and includes the Tucumã as a potential source. Such proposal stipulates the production in the agroforestry system, as an alternative to the slash and burn agriculture in the region, reconciling environmental conservation with territorial rural development. Considering the results obtained in the field, it has been found an average of 9.4 stumps per hectare, each stump having 7.7 stipes and 4.7 racemes with up to 146 fruits. If all the Tucumã’s stumps were kept until they reached their average productivity capacity, it is estimated that the fruit production in the rural area of the municipality would be around 132.060 tons, which could produce up to 12.665,4 tons/year of pulp oil and 4.768,4 tons/year of nut oil, confirming the supply of raw material to move this productive chain.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A dinâmica territorial da malha político-administrativa municipal da região norte do Brasil
(2013-06) ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda
This article aims to analyze the dynamics of territorial re-division political-administrative city in the Northern Region of Brazil from 1988 to 2010. The review of the political loop-administrative city in Brazil, would be related directly to multiple factors, among which include: changes in Brazilian political and institutional order, especially with regard to alternating periods of centralization and decentralization of political administration, the redistribution of population in the territory and the urbanization process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Knowledge and culture: two significant issues for local level development programme analysis
(2014-12) VASCONCELLOS, Ana Maria de Albuquerque; VASCONCELLOS SOBRINHO, Mário
The paper aims to propose a theoretical framework to analyse development programmes acting at local level. Particularly, the paper stresses two key concepts that should be taken into account in the process of implementing development programme at local level, namely knowledge and culture. The paper shows that understanding of knowledge as a social construction contrasts with the rational, positivist view of knowledge derived exclusively from a scientific viewpoint. The paper explains if development relates to increasing or improving people living standards through social and economic changes, then it will impact on, and be mediated through knowledge and culture.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de desastres naturais ao desempenho orçamentário do estado do Pará
(2014-12) NINA, Alex Santiago; SZLAFSZTEIN, Claudio Fabian
This paper assess the impacts of natural disaster in the budget performance of Pará State from 2000 to 2012, through of the correlation analysis of Emergency Situation and Public Calamity State decree numbers with: a) the budget efficiency of Risk Natural Management priority sectors; and b) the fiscal risk, calculated by income reduction and estimated funds reallocations. The results indicate that the fiscal vulnerability to natural disasters is high, meanly in the prevention activities (science and technology and Environment). The main alternatives to reduce the impacts are reinforcement of short-term actions, establishment of monetary funds and improvement of prevention actives.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Gestão ambiental de parques urbanos: o caso do parque ecológico do município de Belém Gunnar Vingren
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-04) CARDOSO, Silvia Laura Costa; VASCONCELLOS SOBRINHO, Mário; VASCONCELLOS, Ana Maria de Albuquerque
This paper addresses the factors that facilitate and hamper the implementation of urban parks. It discusses the advantages and difficulties inherent to the implementation of urban parks, taking into account the multiple interests involving social actors. The present study analyzes the case of the Gunnar Vingren Ecological Park in Belem, Para state, Brazil, and focuses on the concepts of participation, urban governance and environmental management. It uses the stakeholder theory to identify social actors and understand their behavior in the implementation process of the park. Methodologically, the research was based on qualitative approach and used direct observation and semi-structured interviews for data collection. It shows the importance of urban social movements to preserve the green areas of the city and improve urban life quality. It indicates that the environmental management of urban parks depends fundamentally on the spatial planning of their inner areas and surroundings. It shows that, in areas with disordered territory, there is high possibility of pressure on the park and depredation of its natural resources. The study also shows that urban management patterns influence the level of participation of social actors in the management committees of parks. Empirically, this paper shows a great progress in the institutional capacity for the management of the Gunnar Vingren Park; however, paradoxically, the municipal government organizational capacity is limited to manage the whole system. The most significant challenge in managing urban parks is to develop a participatory governance alliance between stakeholders.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Institutional development for good governance: the role of intermediary NGOs in Pará state, Amazonia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06) VASCONCELLOS, Ana Maria de Albuquerque; SOBRINHO VASCONCELLOS, Mário
The paper analyses the roles of intermediary NGOs for linkages between government and rural communities in carrying out socio-environmental development programs as a mean of institutional development for good governance. In particular, the paper focuses on the Proambiente program that was carried out in Pará State, Amazonia, Brazil. This program was the first experience of a socio-environmental development program in Brazilian Amazonia that took into account local communities’ demands to link environmental conservation and small-scale family-based rural production. Methodologically, the research was based on qualitative analysis and used semi-structured interviews for data collection. The paper shows that NGOs as intermediaries between government and rural communities is a significant mechanism to promote the strengthening of the power of local communities, to create bridges between federal government and local communities; and to stimulate participatory processes by engaging rural communities’ culture and knowledge in socio-environmental development program as Proambiente.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Panorama e importância econômica do café no mercado internacional de commodities agrícolas: uma análise espectral
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; CARVALHO, David Ferreira; FILGUEIRAS, Gisalda Carvalho; ARAÚJO, Ana Cláudia de Sousa; CARVALHO, Abner Vilhena de
This paper aims to discuss the panorama and importance of coffee for Brazil, especially in economic terms, by making use of the empirical and analytical instruments of the spectral analysis, based on the time series of coffee prices in the international agricultural commodities market. New York (USA). In fact, coffee is an important component of total exports from several countries, including Brazil. Over time, coffee has become an economically important product of many families around the world. From the methodological point of view,the research used the statistical-econometric framework derived from the spectral analysis of time series. The results of this analysis show that climate shocks on coffee prices may have longer effects and those agricultural policies that directly affect the coffee production chain may have longer lasting effects. Moreover, the results indicate that the coffee price trend is in a combination of deterministic and stochastic trends.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O papel do fundo constitucional de financiamento do norte e do programa nacional de fortalecimento da agricultura familiar para a região norte do Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) FILGUEIRAS, Gisalda Carvalho; BENTES, Elisabeth dos Santos; CARVALHO, André Cutrim; ARAÚJO, Ana Cláudia de Sousa; OLIVEIRA, Clayton Douglas Chagas de
This research aimed to analyze the implementation of rural credit resources FNO Pronaf in agriculture/Familiar (AF) in the northern region. He admitted that these funds have contributed to the growth of agricultural production in the region, having a relevant role in food production, as well as in the generation of income and pricing policy in the field. The results revealed that: each State has its own dynamics with regard to the rural sector, with a greater or lesser degree, depending on the agrarian structure and the performance of public policies directed to that segment; some States have low credit demand of FNO/Pronaf for reasons as agrarian conflicts and casting of rural activities arising from laws relating to environmental protection; There are concentration of resources granted for the expansion of the production of the AF held by groups with higher income levels, and only some States specialize in the agricultural sector.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Arranjos produtivos locais de agricultura temporária no estado do Pará: uma aplicação do modelo de análise de componentes principais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) CARVALHO, Abner Vilhena de; CARVALHO, André Cutrim; CARVALHO, David Ferreira; FILGUEIRAS, Gisalda Carvalho; ARAÚJO, Ana Cláudia de Sousa; SOARES, André Araújo Sombra
The objective of this article is to discuss the Local Productive Arrangements of temporary agriculture in the State of Pará, from the analysis of the cluster process, since they present a great potential for the formation of productive chains. The methodological procedure consists of the grouping of productive activities belonging to the same class, whose actions are completed in the production chain horizontally or vertically, which makes the model constructed through the analysis of principal components more robust. The main conclusion is that temporary crops are able to form the basis of potential APLs in Pará, even though the production of temporary crop products is still provided by small and medium producers and sold to intermediaries or directly to informal networks of the region. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a rural development policy aimed at production based on the rational cultivation of temporary crops capable of attracting rural agroindustries to the formation of productive chains.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento local sustentável através da produção concentrada de madeira em tora no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) FILGUEIRAS, Gisalda Carvalho; CAIRES, Maria do Socorro de Lima; CARVALHO, André Cutrim; ARAÚJO, Ana Cláudia de Sousa; CARVALHO, Abner Vilhena de
The expansion of the agricultural and cattle-raising frontier, in the State of Pará, increased from the 1960s until the beginning of the year 2000, which resulted in a permanent class struggle, from the economic, social, institutional, but mainly environmental, point of view. In 2012, Pará became the main timber producer in Brazil, according to statistics from the extractive sector and forestry. Given this production, the present work sought to analyze the wood market at world, national and regional level, with emphasis on the concentration of this product in Pará territory. The results indicate the existence of continuous production and, still, concentrated in a few municipalities of Pará, both through the Locational Gini Index and the Normalized Concentration Index. Therefore, shared management among local productive actors and the adoption of sustainable local development practices - forest management - are of the utmost importance for the production of wood products to continue generating employment and income for of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
The meanings of rural community according to nature of community livelihood in Brazilian Amazonia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06) VASCONCELLOS, Ana Maria de Albuquerque; VASCONCELLOS SOBRINHO, Mário
The paper discusses the meanings of rural community according to nature of community livelihood in Brazilian Amazonia. Specifically, the paper stresses on the concept of community as a crucial aspect of the nature of diversity. The aim is to point out how development programmes interact and impact upon community's livelihoods without to take into account the meaning of rural communities they assume. The research data was gathered from four focus group in the municipalities of Concórdia do Pará, São Domingos do Capim, Irituia and Mãe do Rio, in Pará State. The paper shows that the understanding of rural community is a result of cultural, social and political construction and intrinsically linked to nature of community livelihood.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Política nacional de urgência e emergência sob a coordenação federativa em municípios paraenses
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-09) FARIA, Tamara Lima Martins; NASCIMENTO, Durbens Martins; FARIAS FILHO, Milton Cordeiro; NUNES, Silvia Ferreira
The national policy of the emergency department (PNAU) aims to mediate primary care and medium and high complexity services. Which is the theme of this article’s research, that aimed to identify the main difficulties of PNAU agreed management in two main cities of the metropolitan region of Belém, Pará, Brazil. This is a basic qualitative research, which used documents and semi-structured interviews with the main managers of both the policy and control and supervision institutions. The results indicate federative coordination difficulties that impose four constraints to the policy to be efficient: centralization, cooperation, financing, and agreement. We conclude that decentralization in the health area is still not efficient when it comes to the national policy of urgency and emergency, due to the difficulties that federal entities face with the required pacts and political issues present in planning and management.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
The logic of the valorization of natural resources in Brazil: historical relationship between the electricity sector and the mining industry in the Amazon
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-12) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; PIMENTEL, Cleyton Alves Candeira
The aim of this article is to construct an historical analysis in order to understand the economic relationship between the historical phenomena that occurred during the Military Government and more recently, during the government of (former) President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. Accordingly, the article seeks to focus its analysis on understanding the relationship between the electricity sector and the mining industry in the Brazilian Amazon, especially in Eastern Amazon. The main conclusion is that both the Brazilian local economic logic, which have impacted (in) directly on the development of the electricity sector and in the mining industry throughout the country. However, it has also been possible to promote a much closer connection between these two sectors and, likewise, a strong potential for exploiting mineral reserves, together with the verticalization of production and the generation of employment, income and added value to the national and regional economy.