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Artigos Científicos - NUMA

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os açaizais nas ilhas de Abaetetuba - PA: etnoconhecimento e manejo
(Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2022-08) NEGRÃO, Antonia do Socorro Silva; MANESCHY, Rosana Quaresma; BARBOSA, Wagner Luiz Ramos
Human populations interact with natural ecosystems and develop practices for the use of natural resources and from their daily experiments generate empirical knowledge. The research aimed to systematize the knowledge about the açaí ethnovarieties present in the Abaetetuba Islands PA and the management carried out by riverside dwellers in the floodplain areas with native açaizais to contribute to the dialogue between technical assistance agents and the riverside residents. In the surveyed islands, three black, white and one ethnovarieties were identified. The description of ethnovarieties was carried out based on the ethnodescriptors commonly used by riverside dwellers. The research located the origin of the genetic resources of the three ethnovarieties of açaí and this information can be used by research and technical assistance as an instrument of genetic conservation on farm. It was found that the riverside inhabitants of the main açaí producing islands in the municipality of Abaetetuba are not receiving technical assistance to carry out the management of the açaizais.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de uso e ocupação do solo no assentamento Paulo Fonteles no distrito de Mosqueiro, Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022) MAGALHÃES, Társis Ney Castelo Branco Barros; SIMÕES, Aquiles Vasconcelos; SOARES, Daniel Araújo Sombra
The urbanization process without proper planning has contributed to an increase in the formation of peripheral areas and a decrease in people's quality of life, resulting in a series of socio-environmental problems. In this context, there is also the formation of short marketing circuits as marketing alternatives based on the logic of agroecology, as is the case of the Group for Agroecological Consumption (GRUCA). The objective of the work, therefore, was to analyze the use and occupation of the soil specifically in the location of the Settlement Paulo Fonteles, one of the main partners of GRUCA, during the years 2017 and 2018, through the use of geoprocessing techniques and environmental analysis. The methodology consisted of analyzing Landsat 8 images, OLI sensor, where 7 classes were defined: 1- Native Vegetation; 2- Secondary Vegetation; 3- Undergrowth; 4- Agriculture and Small Animal Breeding; 5- Exposed Soil; 6- Residential Area; 7- Hydrography. As a result, it can be stated that the use of geoprocessing techniques and environmental analysis are of paramount importance to follow the narratives and local scenarios. Concluding that even in a short period of time, it was possible to notice significant environmental changes in relation to the remaining area of native vegetation (legal reserve area greater than 80% in both years, decrease of 2% in arable areas) and soil exposed without significant changes, where it was possible to associate, in addition to the years analyzed (2017 and 2018) by the images, also to the current scenario (2022) observing the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) platform.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise dos índices dos efeitos multiplicadores e das ligações para trás e para frente da renda, do produto e do emprego: uma abordagem a partir da matriz de contabilidade social do Brasil
(Universidade Salvador, 2018-08) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; CARVALHO, David Ferreira
The main objective of this paper is to analyze the multiplier effects of income, output and employment, as well as the inter-sectorial backward and forward linkages of income, output and employment of the key industries of the Brazilian economy in the years 2000, 2005 and 2010, based on Social Accouting Matrix (SAM) of Brazil. The research sought to analyze the interactive impacts caused by the transformation industry in its own internal sectors and sectors of other industries that form the Brazilian industrial system. The chain indices of dispersion power and dispersion sensitivity of the manufacturing industry over all sectors of the industrial system of the Brazilian economy based on SAM were also analyze. The article found that income that exceeds the portion of the purchase of inputs was spending by households, using the channels that result in extra demand on the products of the agricultural sector, through the liquid circular effect of Stone. Therefore, it strengthened demand links, which, in turn, catalyzed the process that led to the spread of national GDP growth. The role of the manufacturing industry is thus perceive as a key industry for the country's economy, especially as the back bond index and the forward index are high and their coefficients of variation low.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise dos riscos e da vulnerabilidade socioambiental urbana, face ao desenvolvimento desordenado e a pressão aos recursos hídricos em Belém-PA
(Revistas Brasileiras Publicações de Periódicos e Editora Ltda., 2020-04) CARVALHO, Ana Carla Leite; ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda
Studies have been demonstrated how the disorderly process of urbanization can be harmful to a city, bringing in a lot of cases incalculable damages to environment and for the society in a largest context. The pressure above the water resources is able to change even the water cycle (Garcia & Sanches, 2009), damaging the natural water process of renewal and the availability of water to the same society that generates the impacts. Belém and its metropolitan area has been growing exponentially bringing several problems to the population and environment. Carvalho (2015) understands the environmental risks as a result of “the association between the natural risks and the risks arising from natural processes aggravated by human activity and land occupation”. Therefore, risks and vulnerability caused by natural phenomenons and/or by human activity, historically, are considered impacts, that revealed in different areas or places, establish as places without previous planning, mainly affecting low-income populations. It can be observed that Belém, despite being in a region predominantly abundant in fresh water, due to the urbanization process that has been facing, may suffer from compromised water resources, needing urgent measures to raise awareness and direct management actions for the solution of conflicting situations of qualitative availability of compromised waters in the urban basins, minimizing possible risk situations and environmental vulnerability for he populations around these areas (Macedo,2003). Thus, it becomes necessary the urgent definition of strategies to promote a better interaction between the environmental and urban politics and minimize possible institutional, political and conceptual barriers, also establishing a broad debate on how to direct such policies and encouraging society's participation in dealing with the public authorities to have a more harmonious relationship with the surrounding water resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise sobre crescimento populacional e transição demográfica: limites e divergências
(União Atlântica de Pesquisadores, 2022-04) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; CARVALHO, David Ferreira; CASTRO, Auristela Correa
The main objective of this article is to understand why population growth is seen as a "threat" to environmental balance and to the well-being of the population. From a methodological point of view, the article used exploratory-qualitative research. That said, it was possible to conclude that the results achieved through the process of demographic transition in the world, as well as the population level achieved in the current scenario, indicate favoring the theory proposed by Ester Boserup in opposition to the theoretical assumptions of Thomas Robert Malthus. This is so, among other reasons, due to the drop in human mortality, which made possible a considerable populationincrease. In fact, Boserup's theory, in addition to constituting one of the great divergences from the Malthusian population growth theory, became important in attesting that population growth implies growth for the agricultural sector, culminating in an increase in food production, the which drives technological advancement through technical-productive improvement and “intensive cultivation”and, by itself,minimizes the impacts on natural resources and biodiversity by promoting sustainable land use.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aprendizagem territorial, cooperação e inovação em espaços rurais: o caso da aglomeração ceramista de Eldorado dos Carajás (Pará/Brasil)
(Servicios Académicos Intercontinentales S.L., 2018-03) LEITE, Alegria dos Santos; FERNANDES, Danilo Araújo; SOARES, Daniel Araújo Sombra; KATO, Érika de Souza
The paper points out the ability of the ceramic industries in Eldorado dos Carajás, Southeast Pará, regarding to a local productive arrangement formation, in order to boost its outcomes for the improvement of local economic development indices. Therefore, this work by reasoning the evolutionary school background, which sees the cooperation as facilitators of learning, generation and dissemination of technological innovations as crucial for socio-economic development. In this sense, it was made a field research with surveys and the data were processed with statistical techniques of descriptive and multivariate analysis, whose purpose was to detect and identify underlying factors able to influence the possibilities of the companies reach a higher or lesser degree of inter-organizational integration and group companies in sets with homogeneous behavior patterns. The analysis showed extremely low indicators in the dimensions of learning and innovation, and null indicators in cooperation dimension. As well, these companies exhibited reduced levels of performance. These results are disappointing when considering the possibility of structuring a dynamic productive arrangement, the innovative character and which may give rise to a local innovation system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Áreas prioritárias para inclusão de componente arbóreo: as áreas de proteção permanente em sistemas pecuários de São Domingos do Araguaia-PA (Brasil)
(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2022) FERNANDES, Igor Luiz Cunha; MANESCHY, Rosana Quaresma; SOARES, Daniel Araújo Sombra; LOPES, Claudio Henrique Sampaio
Regarding the historical process of land use and cover in Brazil, there is the degradation of native vegetation in the called permanent protection areas (APPs), on the banks of rivers. In Southeastern Pará, with the expansion of livestock activity over time, these areas were impacted, generating biodiversity loss and pressure on water bodies. This paper the land use and cover dynamics was analyzed in two areas in the municipality of São Domingos do Araguaia -PA to simulate the priority areas for arboreal component inclusion, aiming for the restoration of APPs in a farm and a rural settlement, if strategies of arboreal component inclusion are adopted. In both case studies, there are degraded pastures in extensive areas, driven by the expansion and intensification of traditional livestock in the region from 2004 to 2014.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Arranjos produtivos locais de agricultura temporária no estado do Pará: uma aplicação do modelo de análise de componentes principais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) CARVALHO, Abner Vilhena de; CARVALHO, André Cutrim; CARVALHO, David Ferreira; FILGUEIRAS, Gisalda Carvalho; ARAÚJO, Ana Cláudia de Sousa; SOARES, André Araújo Sombra
The objective of this article is to discuss the Local Productive Arrangements of temporary agriculture in the State of Pará, from the analysis of the cluster process, since they present a great potential for the formation of productive chains. The methodological procedure consists of the grouping of productive activities belonging to the same class, whose actions are completed in the production chain horizontally or vertically, which makes the model constructed through the analysis of principal components more robust. The main conclusion is that temporary crops are able to form the basis of potential APLs in Pará, even though the production of temporary crop products is still provided by small and medium producers and sold to intermediaries or directly to informal networks of the region. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a rural development policy aimed at production based on the rational cultivation of temporary crops capable of attracting rural agroindustries to the formation of productive chains.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biotechnological innovations and medicinal plants of agriculture in the brazilian Amazon
(International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 2018-03) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; FILGUEIRAS, Gisalda Carvalho; CARVALHO, Abner Vilhena de; BENTES, Elisabeth dos Santos; ARAÚJO, Ana Cláudia de Sousa
The fundamental aim of this research is to establish an analysis with regard to non-sustainable economic models to the environment, also known as Business as Usual, and as an alternative proposal sustainable ecosystem model called Sustainable Ecosystem Management, which has a target to reverse this unsustainability of logic in the Brazilian Amazon. The main conclusion is that the growth trend of the pharmaceutical industry demand for products derived from the medicinal plant agriculture may constitute a window of opportunity for interesting application of sustainable development, especially for the countries possessing broad biodiversity - like Brazil - which features unique ability to develop biotechnological innovations, from the application of the ecosystem sustainability model.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Brasil como epicentro da crise da Covid-19 na América Latina e as prováveis consequências em estratificações socioeconômicas mais vulneráveis: uma perspectiva de compreensão do papel do estado e da social democracia centrada em John Maynard Keynes
(Universidad del Zulia, 2020-12) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; CARVALHO, David Ferreira; SANTOS, Cleyson Silva dos
In 2020, the structure of capitalism and liberalism proclaimed by several coun tries, including Brazil, was badly shaken by a serious health crisis. The enemy this time is invisible: COVID-19, an infectious disease, caused by the new coro navirus, declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Be cause of the COVID-19 mortality rate in Brazil, the country has become the epi center of the Latin America crisis. The economy has begun to emanate typical signs of a recession with projections of a decline in the GDP of up to 6.25%. In terms of socioeconomic stratification, the pandemic has accentuated social inequality, revealing old anomalies regarding the poor distribution of income, generating a greater deepening of poverty, a significant increase in unemplo yment and, principally, a worsening of racial, cultural, age, ethnic and gender discrimination. With this prolegomena in mind, it is possible to arrive at the fundamental objective of the article: to understand the role of the State and of social democracy - inspired by the theory of John Maynard Keynes – in times of the novel coronavirus and of the liberalist, authoritarian, denialist manage – ment of the President, Jair Messias Bolsonaro. To achieve this objective, the article will make use of exploratory and qualitative research methodology. The main conclusion is that Brazil urgently needs to rescue the welfare state – defended by Keynes – within the framework of social democracy, under threat of entering a state of conflagration and suffering a major post-coronavirus econo- mic depression with negative consequences for more vulnerable socio-econo- mic stratifications.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cacau, chocolate e turismo na região transamazônica, Pará: contribuições ao desenvolvimento local
(Servicios Académicos Intercontinentales S.L., 2018-12) NUNES, Hyngra Suellen de Jesus; BASTOS, Rodolpho Zahluth
This article aims to analyze the cocoa production inside the local development dynamics of the Transamazônica region, southwest of Pará State. It looks at the possibilities of tourism to contribute to valorization of the production chain in the Transamazônica region. Methodologically, the research is based on bibliographical and documentary analysis and on fieldwork research using semi-structured interviews with public bodies’ staff members, manufacturers of regional chocolate brands, members of civil society organizations (cooperatives, associations), cocoa farmers and agriculturists. The research points out to possibility of greater integration between the cocoa chain and tourism in the Transamazônica. It may occur by integration of tourism with the agrifood sector promoting links between product and territory and thus making relationships between the Transamazônica’s territorial identity and its historical and cultural values and also its regional natural heritage. The analysis allows concluding that tourism associated with the cocoa production chain “from cocoa to chocolate” is an alternative that may contribute to local development in the Transamazônica territory, particularly if it is associated to the historical-cultural richness and natural beauty of the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Capital, estado e instituciones en la frontera del estado de Pará: ¿desarrollo para quien?
(Servicios Académicos Intercontinentales S.L., 2018-04) CARVALHO, André Cutrim
The main purpose of this article is to discuss the dynamics of the functioning of the Institutions, the State, and Capital at the frontier of the State of Pará, based on the logic of capitalist economic development. For this, the methodology chosen involved the use of the deductive method because part of the general, that is, the discussion under the aegis of the new institutional economy on the function of the State, Capital and Institutions and, consequently, the inductive method because it considered the It is worth noting that the new institutional economy seeks to demonstrate that markets are not as efficient - as propagated by the mainstream - and that state intervention can, in fact, including improving the situation of the market itself, provided that there are institutions responsible for establishing the "rules of the game". However, the frontiers represent the locus of noncompliance with the laws within an organized and democratic civil society, especially the Paraense frontier, still beset by remnants of primitive accumulation of capital. The main conclusion of this article is to demonstrate that a socially and economically evolved institutional system can help promote economic development by structuring the environment and stimulating the process of cooperation, innovation and learning, especially in the Paraense frontier , even though it is dominated by capital.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização da agricultura familiar na produção agropecuária paraense a partir do censo agropecuário de 2017
(Universidade da Amazônia, 2023) CORREA, Alan Tiago; FILGUEIRAS, Gisalda Carvalho; CARVALHO, André Cutrim; LOPES, Maria Lúcia Bahia
The study analyzed the participation of family producers in agricultural production in Pará. Because of this, the work is part of the following problem: How is family farming (PA) in Pará characterized and how has it contributed to rural development in the state of Pará? The methodology used was quali-quantitative, based on secondary data through database research, such as the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and specialized bibliography with regard to the theme AF. The results showed that agricultural production is strongly associated with family farming, which proved to be competitive even with producers of more intense agriculture.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização dos sistemas de produção dos pequenos produtores com manejo de bacurizeiros nas mesorregiões nordeste paraense e Marajó
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-06) RODRIGUES, Ercilene de Cássia de Cássia Ferreira; MENEZES, Antônio José Elias Amorim de; HOMMA, Alfredo Kingo Oyama; SILVA, Danielle Pantoja da; CARVALHO, André Cutrim
It analyzed the characteristics of the production systems of small farmers who have been developing the management of bacuri trees (Platonia insignis Mart.) in the Northeast of Pará and Marajó. The choice of the Mesoregions of the Northeast of Pará and Marajó was due to the information that they are producing areas that account for the largest supply of bacuri fruits in the state of Pará. To carry out the field survey, an intentional sampling was chosen, considering only small farmers who had bacurizaeiros in their establishments. A total of 77 questionnaires were applied among the 7 municipalities studied, 57 in the Northeastern Mesoregion of Pará and 20 in Marajó. From the socioeconomic survey carried out in the Mesoregions of the Northeast of Pará and Marajó, the most relevant data were analyzed that would allow the profile of farmers who carry out the management of bacuri trees and who carry out some type of fruit or pulp marketing to be generated. of bacuri. It is also concluded that the management of bacuri trees constitutes an important family strategy for the maintenance of families in the countryside and presents growth potential capable of meeting export demand, important for income generation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição botânica na área de influência da copa de Spondias mombin L. disperso em pastagens no assentamento Belo Horizonte I, São Domingos do Araguaia-PA
(Brazilian Journals Publicações de Periódicos e Editora Ltda, 2021-09) GUIMARÃES, Tatiane Pereira; MANESCHY, Rosana Quaresma; OLIVEIRA, Ilmaione Keisa de Souza; CASTRO, Albinei Araujo de; OLIVEIRA, Pâmela Dias de; COSTA, Karolinny Carneiro Guerra
The natural regeneration of tree species in pastures is of great importance for the diversification of the production system of family farmers, because it can be a sustainable alternative in the formation process of silvopastoral systems (SPS) of the type "dispersed trees in pasture". This study recorded the invasive tree species from under canopy the Spondias mombin L. and compared the richness and frequency of those species in open pastures. The work was carried out in a family farmers property the rural settlement "Belo Horizonte I", located in the municipality of São Domingos do Araguaia-PA. A pared design was used, with a 4m2 control plot in open pasture for each equally sized plot under the canopy of the yellow mombin. The taperebá canopy provided a microclimate favorable to natural regeneration of tree species: guava (Psidium guajava L.), bastard cedar (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamarck) and S. mombim. On open pasture area, outside the area of influence of canopy no tree species in young phase or seedlings were found. The maintenance of yellow mombin trees scattered in grazing areas is an appropriate strategy to accelerate the enrichment of natural vegetation in SPS.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Compostagem da casca da mandioca: estudo de caso em uma comunidade no município de Abaetetuba-PA
(Brazilian Journals Publicações de Periódicos e Editora Ltda, 2020-09) GARCIA, Waldilene do Carmo; FENZL, Norbert
The production of fertilizer through composting is an effective way to reduce the expense that the small producer has to grow agricultural products, however, the quality of this compost is an essential advantage for the production to have good quality, the environmental issue is also an issue. Strong reason to reuse organic waste and thus help in the ecosystem balance of nature. From that, one of the reasons for developing this research is the need that family farmers have to buy fertilizer monthly, which ends up compromising the economic profitability of some producers, however, the main objective of this work was to produce fertilizer and raise awareness. To properly dispose of organic waste. The research was based on the community of Camurituba-Beira in the municipality of Abaetetuba-Pá, where eight farmers participated, through official theory and practice in the production of fertilizer, with the socioeconomic survey as an instrument of data collection. The results obtained were 90 kg of fertilizer being tested in some crops to check the quality, in addition, the survey showed that the production of fertilizer by farmers can reduce the expenses with the purchase of this compost. Therefore, the research had socio-environmental relevance, since it worked to raise awareness of the correct disposal of waste, as well as pointing out a possible solution for reducing the purchase of fertilizer.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A concepção de movimentos cíclicos em tempos de crise pandêmica: implicações socioeconômicas da Covid-19 no Brasil
(Unversidad del Zulia, 2022-07) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; CARVALHO, David Ferreira; CASTRO, Auristela Correa
Economic cycles have a dynamic that manifests itself in the form of waves. The inflection from the economic boom phase to the recession phase is the moment of crisis. Disregarded by many, it can be said that the effects of the pandemic crisis resulting from Covid-19 have gained typical implications of a major global crisis, especially in Brazil. In this pandemic scenario, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global economy has been inserted into a serious socioeconomic crisis. The fundamental objective of this article is to discuss the conceptual conception of crisis and cyclical movements in times of the Covid-19 pandemic and the main socioeconomic implications in Brazil. To achieve this objective, the article will use exploratory and qualitative research methodology. The main conclusion is that the pandemic crisis brought to Brazil a series of economic problems, such as unemployment and high inflation, but the most serious fact was the social problems, mainly the significant increase in poverty and social inequality. . The use of “auxílio emergencial”, as a counter-cyclical policy and to support the most vulnerable social stratifications in times of a pandemic, was extremely important for having created a “mattress” of social protection. However, based on a series of official data, it can be said that the Bolsonaro government was unable to succeed in its endeavor to mitigate the socioeconomic impacts of the Covid-19 crisis in Brazil, much of it due to denialist rhetoric and a lot of disinformation (fake news) about vaccines.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conflito e gestão ambiental na zona costeira amazônica: o caso da vila do Camará, reserva extrativista (RESEX) marinha mestre lucindo, Marapanim - Pará - Amazônia - Brasil
(Revistas Brasileiras Publicações de Periódicos e Editora Ltda., 2020-03) SANTOS, Márcia Cristina; LOPES, Luís Otávio do Canto; BASTOS, Rodolpho Zahluth; FENZL, Norbert; MERLIN, Lise Vieira da Costa Tupiassu; SOARES, Daniel Araújo Sombra
The present study identified the existing socio-environmental conflicts and the main problems of environmental management in Vila de Camará, in the Marine Ext activist Reserve (RESEX) “Mestre Lucindo”. In this perspective, the relevance of this work consists of analyzing a community within a recently established Amazon Conservation Unit (UC) situation, which shares a great natural resources wealth. Considering that RESEX is in the management initial stages, the reflection on the existence of such conflicts and the measures taken by the managing body, in the figure of ICMBio, as well as the proposal of strategies capable of reducing such conflicts, make this study still more important. The methodological steps carried out were: bibliographic / documentary review and field visits. The main socioenvironmental conflicts verified at the site were: extremely conflicting land distribution; environmental degradation at Lembe Beach and overfishing. When focusing on Lembe Beach, two conflicts stand out: the irregular construction of tents (bars and restaurants) and the disposal of their waste directly in the sea / mangrove.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conflitos socioambientais e limites da gestão compartilhada em unidade de conservação na zona costeira amazônica
(Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, 2020) LOPES, Luís Otávio do Canto; VASCONCELLOS SOBRINHO, Mário; VASCONCELLOS, Ana Maria de Albuquerque; FERREIRA, Luciana Rodrigues; BARRETA, Ana Ialis
The paper discusses the emergence of socio-environmental conflicts and the limits of shared territory management in Brazilian Amazonian coastal zone. Particularly, the article debates socio-environmental conflicts and the limits of shared management in 3 (three) Conservation Units (UC) in the coastal zone of Pará state, precisely: RESEX Mãe Grande de Curuçá, RESEX Mestre Lucindo and APA Algodoal- Maiandeua. Theoretically, the paper is based on the concepts of socio-environmental conflict and shared management, the latter within the analytical field of social management. Methodologically, it is a study based on action research supported by method of participant observation and techniques of semi structured interviews. For data examination, it was used the method of network analysis. The article demonstrates the existence of four categories of conflicts: (1) first, conflicts related to economic enterprises, (2) second, those related to the degradation of the environment and natural resources, (3) third, conflicts that arise from local economic and occupational practices and (4) fourth, those resulting of legal and social inferences. The different categories and types of conflict demonstrate the complexity that management councils face in the shared management process. The research shows that shared management has limitations, however it is, so far, the best pattern for UC management. The article concludes that shared management is a process and practice and that it becomes more potent as the actors involved gain experience and increasingly promote dialogue and well-understood interest based on social participation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Consecuencias del avance de la frontera pecuaria capitalista y sus implicaciones en las disputas por la tierra de la Amazonia, Pará, Brasil
(Servicios Académicos Intercontinentales S.L., 2018-09) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; CARDOSO, Karina dos Santos; SOARES, André Araújo Sombra; SOARES, Daniel Araújo Sombra
The main objective of this article is to discuss the process of expansion of the capitalist agricultural frontier, based on the numerous conflicts over land in the Brazilian Amazon region, especially the State of Pará. It must be understood that capitalist agriculture develops according to the advancement of the agricultural goods market, in addition as the urban population grows, the demand for food for general consumption and raw materials for agribusiness also increases considerably, therefore, ownership of land means that certain individuals have the monopoly that gives them the right to dispose of certain parts of the country's land as something absolutely private that no one can use without their consent and authorization. This is because the land, as the main means of production in agriculture, is not a product of human labor, that is, theoretically it has no exchange value in terms of socially necessary labor time, therefore, capitalist agriculture aims maximization of the rate of profit and hence the increased accumulation of capital. In this way, this pattern of capitalist development based on the expansion of the capitalist agricultural frontier in the region continues to this day.