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Artigos Científicos - FACECON/ICSA

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2826

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Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 35

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Royalties da mineração: instrumento de promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável de regiões mineradoras na Amazônia Oriental?
(1998) ENRIQUEZ, Maria Amélia Rodrigues da Silva
A Amazônia brasileira possui uma das maiores e mais diversificadas reservas minerais do planeta. A importância econômica do setor mineral, em nível agregado, é significativa. No Estado do Pará, principal Estado mineiro da Amazônia, o setor mineral responde por 40% das exportações e 12% do Produto Interno Bruto estadual (Silva, 1994). Apesar dessa riqueza e dos altos valores da produção, o setor mineral não tem sido um vetor de desenvolvimento regional. O setor mineral emprega apenas 0,45% da mão-de-obra economicamente ativa da Amazônia, contribui com menos de 4% das arrecadações de impostos e seus efeitos multiplicadores em outros setores da economia regional são ínfimos (Vidal e Santana, 1998). Essa incapacidade de gerar benefícios para a sociedade local no presente e no futuro é ainda mais preocupante devido ao fato de os minérios serem um recurso não renovável, ou seja, a exploração do minério diminui o estoque de capital inicial, comprometendo o fluxo de renda no futuro. No início dos anos 90 foi implementado no Brasil a “compensação financeira pela exploração dos bens minerais (CFEM)” – ou simplesmente royalty com o objetivo de capturar parte do valor da renda referente à diminuição do estoque mineral. Esse imposto, se bem investido em outros setores da economia, tem a possibilidade de gerar um fluxo de renda sustentado ad infinitum (Hartwick, 1977).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Globalização econômica, políticas públicas e exclusão social
(1999-12) CARVALHO, David Ferreira
Neste artigo, o autor discute os impactos da globalização econômica no mercado de trabalho, apresentando os problemas que as inovações tecnológicas podem provocar nesse mercado e especula sobre alguns processos de difusão tecnológica dos complexos eletroeletrônicos e da biotecnologia. Discute também, sobre as possibilidades do aumento do desemprego e vislumbra alternativas com base no terceiro setor. A última parte do trabalho traz uma análise dos paradoxos da globalização tecnológica e indagações sobre o futuro do capitalismo.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Certificações socioambientais: desenvolvimento sustentável e competitividade da indústria mineira na Amazônia
(2005) ENRIQUEZ, Maria Amélia Rodrigues da Silva; DRUMMOND, José Augusto Leitão
The text deals with the relations between economic growth of a sector responsible for consuming non-renewable natural resources and the process of sustainable development in the Eastern part of the Brazilian state of Pará. The mining of metallic ores in Pará has been growing strongly; local mines are global leaders in their respective fields and must operate in tune with established global social-environmental norms. Therefore, almost all of these mining companies are certified, both socially and environmentally. This behavior presupposes that these companies adhere to the principles of sustainability. Thus, the object of this research effort is to inquire about the effectiveness of these certifications for the process of sustainable development of the territorial sections in which those companies operate. The major findings are (1) that the positive consequences of certifications are still much more visible in the realm of the productive performance of the companies than in terms of socio-economic development of the nearby areas and (2) that socio-environmental certification processes place much more emphasis on ecological variables than on social ones.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pragmatismo e economia: elementos filosóficos para uma interpretação do discurso econômico
(2006-09) GALA, Paulo Sérgio de Oliveira Simões; FERNANDES, Danilo Araújo; REGO, José Márcio Rebolho
This paper brings elements from the pragmatic philosophy to the debate on methodology in economics, with a specific concern on the theory of truth and its connection with epistemology. After briefly discussing the contributions of William James, John Dewey, Charles Sanders Peirce and the works of Willard Quine and Richard Rorty in this area, we point out to some of the influences that this school of thought may have had on the work of important economists such as John M. Keynes, Milton Friedman and Thorstein Veblen. We then conclude with some reflections that may be useful for research made by economists.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desigualdades econômicas inter-regionais, capacidade tributária e esforço fiscal dos Estados da Amazônia (1970-2000): uma abordagem econométrica de fronteira estocástica
(2007-12) CARVALHO, David Ferreira; OLIVEIRA, Cléo Conceição Resque de; CARVALHO, André Cutrim
The objective of the present work is, therefore, to present an analysis of the effects of the inter-regional economical inequalities about the interregional inequalities of the state outturn in the sphere of the fiscal federalism.The problem of the regional inequality between the areas and Brazilian states was always the main focus of the regional economists’attention. However, its is relatively scarce the studies and researches that seek to study the effects of the inter-regional economical inequalities on the inter-regional tax inequalities of the collection execute and potential of the brazilian states. For that, the results of the measurement of the capacity of the outturn of the Brazilian states were analysed, with prominence for the states of the North area, for the years of 1970 up to 2006. The methodology used to esteem the capacity outturn and to determine the state governments fiscal effort was the econometric model of stochastic border adapted for this end.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dos décadas de Neoliberalismo en México: resultados y retos
(2008-12) COONEY, Paul John
This paper evaluates Mexico’s shift toward neoliberalism after considering its experience with import-substitution industrialization (ISI), including the liberalization of trade and finance and privatizations. The next section assesses NAFTA and the growing integration of Mexico’s economy with the US, and the particular role of the maquiladora industry in the context of Mexico’s development strategy. The next section presents the results of two decades of neoliberal policies in Mexico, considering the impact on workers, the environment and the Mexican population overall, with particular emphasis on the peso crisis of 1994-95. The main results for the neoliberal period are the following: GNP growth rates are roughly half of the level for the ISI period; real manufacturing wages in 2004 are only 70% of their level in 1980; and unemployment and poverty clearly increased. Finally, the attempts to challenge the specific neoliberal model that Mexico has been pursuing are presented and discussed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo como mitigador do aquecimento global e a participação do Brasil
(2009-06) COTA, Raimundo Garcia; REIS, Maria Aparecida Martins Cardoso; VALE, Lorena Alves do
This study of economic-environmental relevance emerges from the problem of the Global Environment in order to analyze the Mechanism of Clean Development (MCD) as an efficient tool, which can contribute to the mitigation of the Greenhouse Effect Gases (GEG) through the fulfilling of emission reduction goals pre-established by Kyoto Protocol. One examines the participation of Brazil as a hosting country of MCD projects. One concludes that, although the implementation of the MCD reduces the global cost of reduction of greenhouse gases emissions by developed countries and supports initiatives which promote sustainable development, the lacking of major specificity in the rules of the mechanism can open precedents to the right of polluting. One understands that the mechanism cannot be restricted only to the fulfillment of goals, but it is fundamental that it works as discouragement of pollution in its origin, according to the proposal of sustainability, north of the weather environmental policy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Especialização produtiva primária e meio ambiente em período recente na Amazônia
(2011-12) TRINDADE, José Raimundo Barreto; OLIVEIRA, Wesley Pereira de
This paper makes effort to analyze the following aspects: i) Amazon’s exports share in the Brazilian commodities exports and ii) its relationship with environmental issue in Amazon. As results, we show the paradox between economic and environmental sustainability which is clearly noticed between trade balance surplus and the increasing deforestation in the Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desindustrialização e reprimarização da economia brasileira contemporânea num contexto de crise financeira global: conceitos e evidências
(Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2011-12) CARVALHO, David Ferreira; CARVALHO, André Cutrim
The purpose of this article is to discuss the meaning of deindustrialization and assess empirically to what extent are experiencing a process of deindustrialization in the Brazilian manufacturing industry, especially in the context of the current global financial crisis that began with the subprime crisis in the real estate industry 2008 U.S.. Furthermore, the article seeks to address the issue of reprimarization due to so-called "Dutch disease" that, like every country rich in natural resources, could mean the risk of changing the agenda of foreign trade of primary commodities rather than manufactured goods. This research covers the period 2000-2011. The empirical methodology performs the analysis based on tabular data organized in tables and figures. The main conclusion here early, is that there are signs that point to a process of deindustrialization recent manufacturing in Brazil due to the increase of the service sector and the decline in industrial productivity revealed by the decline in exports of manufacturing goods to market exterior. The data presented in this study showed a favorable change in the tariff on exports of commodities that suggest a reprimarization. The reason for this is linked to increased global demand for commodities that has raised the prices of food and raw materials from natural resources. This situation, however, may be reversed when the nominal exchange rate depreciated and return to investments in infrastructure and logistics innovations are resumed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Crise financeira, recessão e risco de depressão no capitalismo globalizado do século XXI
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-04) CARVALHO, David Ferreira; CARVALHO, André Cutrim
The Great Depression of the 1930s is considered until today as the most serious disease of the economic which endangered the existence of modern capitalism. Until now, economists investigate the causes of this terrible pandemic. Hyman Minsky, following the trail of John M. Keynes, developed theories of financial fragility and instability that explain the causes of financial crisis in contemporary capitalism. The large current global recession has its origin in the subprime crisis that occurred in 2008 in the U.S. and spread to the rest of the world. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the causes and effects of the crisis of contemporary capitalism that has as its epicenter in the USA and then spread to the EuroZone and the rest of the world, including Brazil, with the risk of another Great Depression at the beginning of the XXI Century.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Crescimento econômico na fronteira e dinâmica urbana na Amazônia: uma abordagem histórica
(2012-06) CARVALHO, David Ferreira; CARVALHO, André Cutrim
The aim of this paper is to outline a historical analysis of the effects of insertion of the Amazon in Pará in the international and national actions through international coordination of policies and national integration on the socio-spatial formation of the State of Pará, mainly focusing about the process of urbanization. The periodization adopted to describe and analyze the process of space-occupying territory of Para economy does not follow the criteria of the traditional product life cycles, such as the cycle of drugs from the interior, rubber, livestock, mining, but the criterion of identifying the key characteristics of the patterns of settlement and economic development in the socioeconomic determinations involving the formation of domestic and international market with the mediation of the state.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento regional e a dinâmica das cidades na Amazônia paraense: uma abordagem histórica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-07) CARVALHO, David Ferreira; CARVALHO, André Cutrim; OLIVEIRA, Cléo Conceição Resque de
The purpose of this paper is to outline a historical analysis of the effects of insertion of the Amazon in Pará recent national and international context, in its general features, through the actions of national integration policies on the socio-spatial formation of Pará – Para Amazon – with emphasis on the process of urbanization.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Evolução das disparidades da extração vegetal e da silvicultura na Amazônia Legal: uma aplicação da cadeia de Markov
(2012-09) SANTOS, Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos; BRAGA, Marcelo José
This paper analyzes the convergence of the municipalities vegetable productivity in the Legal Amazon region between 1996 and 2006. The convergence analyses use the Markov transition matrix methodology (First Order Stationary Markov Process). The results show that existence of 13 classes of vegetable productivity convergence. In the long run, the hypothesis of absolute convergence is not maintained, whereas 68.23% of the municipalities are in a class lower than the municipal average, 33.54% in an intermediate class above average and 13.41% in a class higher than average.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Economia solidária como estratégia de desenvolvimento territorial: o caso do baixo Tocantins com ênfase na experimentação de Igarapé-Miri/Pará
(2013-06) ARAÚJO, Isaac Fonseca; SOUZA, Armando Lirio de
This text analyzes the path of the solidary economy in the municipal district of Igarapé-Miri (PA). The analytic cutting to understand the experimentation of another economy in the Sitzenship Territory of Low Tocantins, while administration strategy and territorial development. The present work is structured in two analytic axes: (i) the experimentation of another economy while movement of organized civil society, by one lide, and (ü) the fomentation to that "alternative model" of social-economic as government politics, for other. In highest, the results of that political process of the workers' organization are understood in the field of the development as a continue way of transitoriness, whose construction has been elevating the solidary economy of the degree of community experience to the apprenticeship of public politics.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A metamorfose do sistema capitalista e as leis do movimento do capital
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-07) CARVALHO, André Cutrim
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As críticas de Karl Marx e John Maynard Keynes à teoria (neo)clássica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-12) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; CARVALHO, David Ferreira
Say's Law is nothing more than a principle or axiom that today serves as a basis to support the theoretical framework of neoclassical economics. The criticism against this principle in Keynes's General Theory was so overwhelming that eventually causing a division in economics: classical economics (sustained by the principle Say) and saving Keynes (underpinned by the principle of effective demand). In this context, this paper discusses the original formulation of Say's Law, as the basic principle of sustaining the economy of the classical and neoclassical, and its connection with the formulation of the Law of Walras, as well as presenting the criticism that John M. Keynes and Karl Marx did to this axiom.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Financing investment in industrial innovation
(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013-12) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; CARVALHO, David Ferreira
In 1982, Schumpeter outlines his theory of real competition in which technological innovation is not only a competitive weapon to conquer new markets, but also mainly responsible for structural changes through the process of creative destruction. He has in mind that the capitalist economy is, above all, an evolutionary economics in which technological innovations, such as new forms of combinations of means of production, are inducers of capitalist economic development. In this context, the economic terms of employment of productive resources, drawn from conventional uses coming up with one point in new uses hitherto untested in practice, able to produce new products and production processes through new combinations of material and productive forces, that is, technological innovations, ie economic development in the Schumpeterian sense is a distinct phenomenon and entirely foreign to what can be observed in the circular flow or in the tendency to equilibrium, since starting on producer and not the consumer, despite its importance. In this context, the main objective of this article is to highlight the specificity of funding investments in technological innovations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Financiamento de investimentos em inovação tecnológica industrial
(Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; CARVALHO, David Ferreira
In 1982, Schumpeter is inspired by the idea of Marx to outline his theory of real competition in which technological innovation is not only a competitive weapon to conquer new markets, but also mainly responsible for structural changes through the process of creative destruction. For Schumpeter, the capitalist economy is, above all, an evolutionary economics in which technological innovations are inducers of capitalist economic development, with respect to the employment of productive resources, drawn from conventional uses coming up with one point in new uses heretofore untested in practice able to produce new products and production processes by means of new combinations of materials and productive forces, that is, technological innovations. Only new combinations that are discontinuous and industrial changes that cause the change point of market structures in a capitalist economy, featuring the real economic development. The primary goal of this article is to highlight the specificity of funding investments in technological innovations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Credit rationing and high interest rates: an application of structural vector autoregression and vector error-correction models
(Universidade de São Paulo, 2014) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; CARVALHO, David Ferreira
This article analyzes the behavior of monetary policy credit rationing in Brazil, mainly the performance of the supply of private bank loans due to the oscillations in the default rate and borrowing base interest rate.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Expansão da fronteira agropecuária e a dinâmica do desmatamento florestal na Amazônia paraense sob a ótica da Nova Economia Institucional
(Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2014) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; CARVALHO, David Ferreira; SERRA, Maurício Aguiar; SILVEIRA, José Maria Ferreira Jardim da
This paper discusses the problem of deforestation in Pará Amazon forest from the perspective of New Institutional Economics. The discussion of border institutions and governance mechanism(s) is important to structure a historical-institutionalist outlook on this topic. It is observed that the legislative apparatus contained in Operation Amazon gave the Legal Amazon, ie, the border is a product of the creation of the state institution. The basic hypothesis is that the expansion of the agricultural frontier is the central element of forest clearing in the Amazon Pará, and that this progress also includes other factors directly linked to the advance of capitalist economic progress, such as: economic growth, increased herd veal, concentrated land ownership, speculation about the price of land, rural credit institutions, among others. However, the main cause of forest clearing activity in Pará Amazon remains the beef cattle in extensive. In this research, it was found that governance mechanisms adopted in federal and state environmental management policies designed to combat forest clearing, primarily as investments targeted for surveillance, licensing and traceability of bovine chain, contribute effectively to thereducing deforestation in the region.