Dissertações em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento (Mestrado) - PPGTPC/NTPC

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2333

O Mestrado Acadêmico iniciou-se em 1987 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento (PPGTPC), que integra o Núcleo de Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento(NTPC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Adesão ao tratamento anti-retroviral por cuidadores de crianças e adolescentes soropositivos de uma Unidade de Saúde do Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-02) BRANCO, Caroline Mota; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723
The adhesion to treatment has been receiving a lot of attention in Health´s Psychology these years. Studies in this area reveal that the patients who don't take part in the treatment cannot receive benefits of therapeutical intervention. The literature about adhesion in the anti-retroviral´s treatment reveals that is the caretaker who usually has the responsibility for managing soropositive children and teenager´s treatment. This study aims to describe the standard adhesion of caretakers treatment who live in the State of Pará, identifying the variables that interfere in their participation. It still reveals the types of cope strategies used to deal with the adverse conditions of soropositivity. For that, it was carried out a descriptive study, of transverse cut, with 30 caretakers, enrolled in the “Unidade de Referência Materno-infantil e Adolescente do Estado do Pará” (UREMIA), using, as instruments of data collection, an interview with caretakers - which investigated socialdemografic, clinical and psicosocial children and teenager's aspects - and the “Escala Modos of Enfrentamento de Problemas” (EMEP). Concerning to caretakers participation, it was observed that some conditions facilitated the treatment´s adhesion. Those conditions were related to varied of family organization (such as the number of people that lived in a house), to the history of treatment interruption and the self-report of caretakers about the fulfilment standard which should be emitted about the success (or failure) of the adhesion. The influence of those varied demonstrated the influence of behavior control made by rules, because the caretakers emitted the fulfillment standard classified as "adhesion" in order to avoid being in contact with the aversive consequences of the non-continuation of the treatment. Concerning to the cope strategies, it was showed a major grade for Factor 3, emphasizing the use of strategies focused on religious practices and/or imaginative thoughts. This research verified that the caretakers of the sample avoided thinking about the soropositivity problem as it is really constituted, using religious thoughts or "magic" to continue working with the daily routine of the subject coping, which involved the condition of children and teenager’s soropositivity. Based on all this data, this research suggests that more studies should be carried out in order to investigate themes related to the function of social contigences about the behavior of children and teenager’s caretakers from Pará, and also investigate aspects concerned to the diagnosis revealing.
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Adesão ao tratamento em adolescentes com diabetes tipo 1: dois estudos de caso
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-01) SILVA, Ingrid Ferreira Soares da; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723
Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) is a chronic degenerative disease of major impact on the quality of life of children and adolescents. The DM1 affects predominantly children and young adults under 30 years of age with peak incidence from 10 to 14 years of age. As a chronic disease it involves changes in daily habits, and rule following becomes a key behavior to achieve such changes. This study aimed to examine factors that influenced the behavior of following the rules prescribed for the treatment of adolescents diagnosed with DM1. These rules relate specifically to the measurement of the blood glucose, the usage of the diet plan in choosing the menu and the application of insulin. The study included two adolescents aged 14 and 17 years, diagnosed with DM1, which had difficulties in controlling the disease according to medical evaluation. Also included as participants of this study were those responsible for each adolescent. The following survey instruments were used: 1) Set of interviews with the parents; 2) Inventory of parenting styles; 3) Questionnaire to evaluate the quality of life of adolescents with DM1; 4) Set of interviews with the adolescents; 5) Diabetes social support questionnaire – family version; and 6) Self monitoring forms for Treatment Compliance Behavior. The data collection was performed in the households of the adolescents. The procedure involved the following steps: 1) Selection of participants; 2) Individual interviews with the parents/guardians; 3) Individual interviews with the adolescents, including applications for inventory on their support network, characterization of the baseline behavior of measuring blood glucose, tracking diet plan, and insulin administration, interviews with positive feedback, and final interview. The results from the analysis of compliance behaviors and from the environmental factors reported by each participant throughout the research identified that the participant which emitted compliance behaviors appropriately had a good quality of life, a good level of knowledge about DM1, his parents owned a positive parenting style, perceived support provided by family, besides having a social condition satisfactory to meet the needs of the family. But the participant with a low compliance, although demonstrating a good quality of life, his parents were using a lot of negative practices, despite their parenting style being also positive, the family support perceived by the participant was inconsistent and his social status was insufficient to provide all the tools necessary for his treatment compliance. Thus, it was possible to analyze the factors that influence compliance to treatment, however further research should be conducted using a larger number of participants and also have a longitudinal character, with long-term monitoring to verify the effect of the variables described in the research along the lives of the participants.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adesão ao tratamento por cuidadores de crianças com hipotireoidismo congênito
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-06-03) OLIVEIRA, Fabiana Pereira Sabino de; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723
Chronic diseases which require attention and continuous evaluations and have called for attention ofhealth professionals, specially those who devote themselves to the area ofPediatric Psychology, who devote themselves to the study of child development, as well as to the relationship between health and sickness and the interferences in the life quality of children and their relatives. This study aims accomplishing a descriptive study to identify variables making easier or more difficult, the adherence to the treatment of caregivers of children with Congenital Hypothyroidism, attended by the Center of Reference in Pará State. Fifty main caregivers ranging between 17 to 55 years of age. Forty mothers, four grandmothers, four fathers and two aunts took part in this study. Variables related to the adherence were identified by means of structured interviews. Program characteristics were analyzed through structured interviews carried out by the team professionals. The analyses of caregivers reports showed that some of the demands to the treatment adherence are not being supplied. Informations about the illness characteristics, etiology, diagnostics, treatment and prognostics are not part of the repertory of most caregivers, independently of age, school degree, degree of relationship with reiatives and time of participation in the Neonatal Selection Programo Significant differences were found regarding the adequate time for the exam accomplishment, which showed the delay of the treatment start. The difficulties described by the professionals as to the adherence to the treatment by the caregivers were attributed not only to the problems showed by the Program structure itselfbut also by the lack of interest to it. The study brings relevant implications to the implantation of more effective and efficacious prevention programs to attend the needs of caregivers and promote the adequate child development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adesão ao tratamento por pacientes portadores de diabetes tipo 1 e tipo 2: efeitos do treino de discriminação de dicas internas e externas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-03-01) BRANDÃO, Washington Luiz de Oliveira; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592
The present study aims to compare the results of discriminatioll training of symptoms and actions related to the treatment of Type I and Type 2 diabetes, evaluating the effectíveness of these trainings for the estimation of glicemic levels and adherence to the treatment. A countless number of surveys carried on in the Health psychology field has the goal of improving the treatment to diabetic patients. Part of these surveys use a procedure caUed general blood glucose selfmonitoring which is based on skills such as observation, checking and registering the relevant aspects in the treatment of diabetes such as: (a) glícemic leveI (GL); (b) symptoms (internal cues - 1C); and (c) actions related to the treatment such as medication, nourishment and physical activity (external cues - EC). The studieshave shownthat general blood glucose.self-monitoring helps the patients to improve the levei of discrimination ofthe glicemic a1terations. This 1iterature is not clear about defining which is the best cue to the used to improve the discrimination of the glicemic levels and states that the development of this skill does not enhance the adherence to the treatment. This study was made of three distinct phases: (a) Baseline and introdutory interview; (b) Trainings interviews; (c) Devolutive final interview. The training phase is divided ln two parts - Internal Cues (IC) and External Cues (EC). During the training phases the participants estimated and assigned a cause to the glicemic leveI on their blood stream measured by a memory-containing reflectometer in the interviews. During in the EC, the participantes also received a feedback from the researcher about the report of the directions followed, based on the directions given by medical advice and compiled from medical registers ofthe patients. 1ts rate of adherence (RA) was measured in the two first phases. The training interviews were conducted at 'the participant's home, in the intervals of 3 days, during which the participants registered the events which took place during corresponding phase. The results showed that independently of the type of training which was accomplished, the participants estimated their glicemic levels based on external cues. The symptoms related to 1Cphase were not always associated to glicemic leveI measured. The participants with diabetes Type 1 reached a higher degree of precision on their estimations during the EC training. The majority of participants had higher degree of the adherence to the treatment when they stared by the EC training. The results suggest that: (a) the reports of the symptoms are not the best indication to evaluate glicemic leveI and adherence of treatment; (b) the best type of training to enhance the adherence to the treatment is the one which involves external cues
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adoção de crianças e adolescentes com necessidades especiais: aspectos psicossociais envolvidos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-06) SILVA, Fabíola Helena Oliveira Brandão da; CAVALCANTE, Lília Iêda Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4743726124254735
This study aimed to understand and describe the psychosocial aspects of adoption of children and adolescents with special needs since the creation of the National Register of Adoption (NRA), in April 2008. Thus, we set out goals that motivated the development of the three constituents of the dissertation studies. The first described the social and family demographic characteristics of applicants for adoption to parents of children with and without typical development. Furthermore, drew a profile of children and adolescents considered suitable for adoption, enrolled in CNA. The second study aimed to investigate risk factors and protective for the development of three adopted children with special needs, analyzing common and unique aspects of their life histories, since the psychosocial condition of the biological parents to the process of entering and living in the family replacement. The third involved three families who have adopted children with special needs, who had prior knowledge of this infantile condition, in order to describe the familiar routines. From the results obtained by the three studies was possible to know the sociodemographic characteristics and aspects of structure and family dynamics that mark in general, and in particular in the cases studied, the demands generated by children with special needs and how applicants and parents by adoption have undertaken to answer them. We conclude that both candidates to the adoption of children with special needs, as their adoptive parents appeared to favor the fulfillment of children's demands, especially family life provide these children in vulnerable.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adoção tardia de gêmeos: estudo de caso de uma família adotante
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-06) OLIVEIRA, Márcia Luzia Silva de; PEDROSO, Janari da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4096274367867186; MAGALHÃES, Celina Maria Colino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1695449937472051
The research describes the transition from conjugality for adoptive parenthood of twins, at the age of three and half years. Based on the structural theory of systemic aimed to analyze the relationship of a couple age 50-63 years old, so, identify the reasons, routines and changes after adoption. It was used as instruments Semi-structured Interviews, Genogram Interviews, Routine Inventory and Daily Field. From the reports were taken two axis: “The couple: characteristics and performance” and “The adoptive family: couple and routine care of the twins.” The main results indicate that since the beginning of the relationship, the couple already experiencing several transitions. It appears that after the adoption, the role of parenting creates a period of conflict, crisis, difficulty in orienting, educating, establishing rules and limits children who lived institutionalized since seven months. It can be seen in the role of wife overload in child care, the family has the support of a cooperating in housework and childcare. In addition, the couple faces some prejudices of society in general, and those closest to the decision to adopt older children. It is noteworthy that need psychological support families adopters during and after late adoption process and the importance of longitudinal study.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adultos e adolescentes autores de agressão sexual: características biopsicossociais e suas percepções sobre infância, adolescência e violência
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-10) SILVEIRA, Víviam da Silva; REIS, Daniela Castro dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8805305887566391; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9505-4516; CALVACANTE, Lília Iêda Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4743726124254735; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3154-0651
Sexual violence encompasses all societies, and manifests itself in different ways in their different contexts. This phenomenon is present throughout the life trajectory of many children and adolescents, whether as victims or perpetrators of sexual aggression. With the purpose of investigating this phenomenon, this dissertation presents a research with an empirical-descriptive design and quantitative-qualitative data analysis. The research sought to investigate the perceptions of adults (+ 18 years old) and adolescents (12 to 18 years old) perpetrators of sexual aggression against children and adolescents about childhood, adolescence and sexual violence, relating them to the biopsychosocial characteristics that define the two age groups involved in the research. Therefore, two studies with similar methodological characteristics were carried out, thematically interconnected, but with individuals from two different age groups. Study I sought to investigate the relationship between perceptions of adult perpetrators of sexual assault against children and adolescents about childhood, adolescence and sexual violence and the biopsychosocial characteristics of this age group (+ 18 years), which includes men sentenced for crimes of sexual violence in units prisons. Ten (N=10) interviews conducted and transcribed between 2015 and 2016 were selected for content analysis by the Descending Hierarchical Classification (CHD) with the support of the Iramuteq Software. The results showed that 90% of these adults were over 30 years old; as for education, 50% did not complete elementary school; 10% attended incomplete high school and 30% managed to complete high school, of these participants only 10% had access to incomplete higher education. All participants experienced situations of violence throughout their life trajectories, and regarding the degree of severity of the sexual assault committed, 40% of the authors assumed the practice with hands on; 40% did not assume such aggression, and 20% of these declared that they do not remember the act for which they are serving their sentence. The perception of these adults about childhood, adolescence and sexual violence appears directly linked to the experiences of these participants in the different stages of their development, in addition to not disassociating this form of aggression from the use of physical force. Study II aimed to investigate the relationship between the perceptions of adolescents who perpetrate sexual aggression against children and adolescents about childhood, adolescence and sexual violence and the biopsychosocial characteristics of this age group (12 to 18 years old), which brings together adolescents who respond in court for an analogous offense to the rape of a vulnerable person and who were in compliance with a socio-educational measure. Four (N=4) participants were reached for content analysis of the interviews transcribed through the CHD of Iramuteq. The results showed that the adolescents were over 15 years old. In terms of education, 2 (50%) had not completed elementary school, 1 (25%) had not completed high school, and 1 (25%) had not completed this information. As for the violence suffered, it was observed that all participants experienced situations of violence. With regard to the degree of severity of the act performed, none of the participants assumed their practice in hands on. The perception of these adolescents about childhood, adolescence and sexual violence appears as a reflection of the construction of these categories throughout the life trajectory of these individuals, highlighting sexual violence linked to the use of physical force. Therefore, through the two studies, the hypothesis that there is a greater number of similarities than differences in the reports of these individuals (adults and adolescents) about the perceptions of sexual violence was taken into account. It is possible to point out the relationship between the biopsychosocial characteristics of the two age groups of perpetrators of sexual aggression, and particular ways of dealing with the experiences present in their life trajectories. It is possible to affirm that adolescent and adult authors, despite being in different groups, were probably socialized in very similar cultural and belief systems, which can influence and direct the construction of perceptions that are close to each other. However, adult authors tend to refer to violence as separate chapters in their life trajectory, and in the opposite direction, adolescents tend to show a direct relationship between sexual violence and issues experienced during their previous stages of development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise comparativa da ansiedade relatada em surdos e ouvintes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-01) COSTA, Edilane Lourenço da; GOUVEIA JR, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274
The group of deaf people in Brazil is considered significant. Deafness can lead to emotional disorders, among them anxiety. Thus, the aim of this study was to measure anxiety reported among deaf and hearing people, with application of the Visual Analogue Mood Scale (VAMS) standard and adapted to Brazilian sign language. The sample consisted of 62 participants were divided into hearing group (n = 31) and deaf group (n = 31) mean age of 31 (±7.53) and 31 (±7.69) years, respectively, of both sexes, paired for age, sex, income and education level . The application of VAMS were individually and data were analyzed for factors: anxiety, physical sedation, mental sedation, other feelings and the total index scale. The data was preceded by the application of the normality test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and equal variance test. For data that obeyed these tests, we used the Student t test to compare the factors of VAMS; between groups, between male and female, within groups and between groups; at different income levels, within the groups and between groups; in different years of study, within groups and between groups. When it was not possible to satisfy the criteria of normality and homogeneity of variance test was used non-parametric Mann-Whitney (U). It was adopted a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. We analyzed the correlation in the variables, income, education level and age with each of the scale factors, in the hearing group and the deaf group. The results showed statistically significant difference between groups in the index of physical sedation, being lower in deaf than in the hearing group. In the analysis between groups, hearing and deaf, distributed by sex, was expressed statistically significant in the factor other feelings, being higher in the deaf, both females and males in relation to the male hearing group. In the variables income and education level were statistically significant differences in the components of VAMS, anxiety, mental sedation and physical sedation, between and within groups. In the correlation analysis, the hearing group, positive correlation was found in the variable income and education level versus physical sedation and positive correlation in the variable age versus anxiety. In the deaf group was a positive correlation in the variable age versus physical sedation. We conclude that the use of scales to assess anxiety is important and valuable for field research, and VAMS adapted to Brazilian sign language was sensitive to evaluate anxiety in deaf, it facilitates the inclusion diagnosis of this specific population, which is sometimes sub diagnosed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da adesão ao tratamento em mulheres com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-08-14) NEDER, Patrícia Regina Bastos; CARNEIRO, José Ronaldo Matos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0859417913316803; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune, multisystemic connective tissue inflammatory disease, capable of affecting several organs and systems throughout the body. It affects mostly women and presents periods of remission and exacerbation. Even though its etiology still unknown, several factors contribute to the development of the disease, among them hormonal, environmental, genetic and immunological factors. Some clinical manifestations have challenged the specialists, among them the association of SLE with depressive states. This study aimed to identify related variables with adhesion to treatment in women with SLE diagnosis. Correlations were made between socio demographic characteristics, levels of depression, quality of life, coping and adhesion behavior to treatment strategies. The following instruments were used: Itineraries of interview, The Beck Scale, International Quality of Life Assessment Project (SF-36), The Ways of Coping Scale, World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF). The participants formed a group of thirty patients attended at the rheumatology ward of a public hospital. They were distributed in two groups: Adhesion (n=17) and Non Adhesion (n=13). The adhesion group, regardless of age and time of diagnosis, presented lower levels of depression when compared with the non adhesion group. The results suggest that, on both groups, during the first five months of patients’ coexistence with SLE, the physical aspect, pain and the general state of health are found to be difficult factors to deal with. However, it is possible to assert that, in the same period, if the patient does not adhere to the medical prescriptions, the discomfort regarding the mentioned factors is intensified. The correlation between Vitality subscale and the social Aspects (measured by the SF-36) and the adhesion to treatment presented valid results, for the Adhesion group participants also reported that they felt protected as much by their social group as by the health team. The results suggest that depressive behavior can take place for the long period these patients have been living with the uncontrollability of the disease symptoms, and also for the sequelae caused by SLE, which affects them severely, implicating vital organs such as kidneys, heart, lungs, damaging their quality of life. The pros and cons, as well the limitations on the use of instruments for identification of relevant variables in the study of adhesion to the treatment in chronic diseases are also discussed. Longitudinal studies are suggested, with delineation of the subject as its own control to investigate the relation between depressive states, control of symptoms and adhesion to treatment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da comunicação sonora do Curió Oryzoborus angolensis (Aves, Passeriformes, Emberizidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-06-29) LOPES, João dos Prazeres; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
The Seed-finch Oryzoborus angolensis (Aves, Passeriformes, Oscines, Emberizinae) is very a popular and appreciated species birdkeepers in Brazil, due to its melodious and varied song. The song represents the species-specific recognition signal for the most of the birds. Songs with long vocal repertoires, population and individual variations can be indicatives of vocal learning. In this context, we studied the song of the Lesser seed finch Oryzoborus angolensis. The song of O. angolensis is characterized as a sequence of pure notes organized and repeated in discrete phrases. We analyze the song of 26 individuals, 16 in captivity and 10 wild from different localities of their distribution area. The measures of physical parameters of the notes (note duration, note interval, rhythm, minimum and maximum frequency) presented significant global differences, considered here the characters that represents the species-specific code. We observe that the notes are constituted mainly by widely modulated pure sounds and are distributed in homogeneous way in our sample. We have found significant differences between the repertoire of the individuals kept in captivity and wild.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da escolha individual na distribuição livre ideal: comparando diferenças e razões
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-01-13) SILVA, Thaís Tavares da; TONNEAU, François Jacques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2917023797307669
Optimal foraging theory, as a way of understanding foraging behavior, provides a foundation for the Ideal free distribution theory, which seeks to explain the choices of subjects under the condition of group competition. However, although many experiments have been performed to assess the Ideal Free Distribution (IFD), deviations have been observed in relation to the predictions of the IFD, both in other species and in humans. Sokolowski et al. (1999) have proposed an explanation for such deviations in terms of equalizing differences (nG-WG)-(nRWR) instead of ratios (WG/nG-WR/nR). Here we proposed an experiment in which individuals conducted their choices with a software that simulated the choices of subjects in a group. The software was developed in order to clarify the role of respective equations (ratioor difference-based) or choices strategies, fitting the data with a sigmoidal function. The dependent variable was the choice of every subject while being presented with artificial situations. The results showed that subjects performed their choices under the control of the two strategies, as well as others. This study brings relevant contributions to the study of individual choices, in addition to providing data that deserve to be analysed in more detail by future research.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da investigação dos determinantes do comportamento homossexual humano
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-07-21) MENEZES, Aline Beckmann de Castro; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
The behavior determination debate lasts since Antiquity, usually based in dichotomic arguments. Actual tendency of behavior determination comprehension points out to an interacionist perspective, analyzing genetic, biological and environmental influences combined over behavior. Many empirical researches have been developed to identify which factors are responsible for a specific behavior. Considering impossible to make a complete study of human behavior determinants, it was chosen to focus into a specific padron the homosexual behavior. Since Antiquity until nowadays, homosexual behavior determinants have been debated. Besides, this subject concerns to a large amount of people and reflects in important social issues. The present study had the purpose of analyzing which are the empiric evidences about homosexual behavior determination, through three stages: (1) historic evolution of the behavior determination, with emphasis on the methodologies applied; (2) presentation and discussion of the main research strategies about homosexual behavior determination, with emphasis on the critical analysis of data; (3) discussion of research implications and possible empirical follow-up. A bibliographic search was conducted, identifying six main research strings: hormonal measures, hormonal effects, genetic, cerebral functioning, animal models and environmental effects. Each research methodology and results were critically analyzed. Then, politics influence over research and the ethical consequences of data release were discussed; as existing data were organized into a proposal to understand the phenomena. It is expected to have contributed to a general description of the actual stage of homosexual behavior determinants as to a critical perspective over methodologies applied.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do comportamento de crianças seus acompanhantes e auxiliares de enfermagem durante a punção venosa em sessão de quimioterapia ambulatorial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-03-29) LEMOS, Isabela Porpino; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do efeito de histórias experimentais e de consequências relatadas na regra sobre o comportamento de seguir regras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-12-17) CARVALHO, Nayra Cristine Alves de; PARACAMPO, Carla Cristina Paiva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9018003546303132
The present study aimed to compare the effects of the presentation of a rule that specifies small and immediate reinforce, with a rule that specifies large and delayed reinforce, manipulating the order of presentation of these rules, their presentation form (isolated or concurrently), the form of distribution of points obtained in the study and the time interval to exchange these points for money. 32 undergraduate participated in the research, divided equally into two experiments that differed only by the form of distribution of points earned and the time interval to exchange these points for money. Each experiment consisted of four conditions. It was used a matching-to-sample procedure; the task consisted in pointing to each one of the comparison stimuli in a given sequence. In both experiments, the Conditions 1 and 3 consisted of four experimental sessions. In Sessions 1 and 3, rules were presented separately and at the Sessions 2 and 4 concurrently. The Conditions 2 and 4 were composed of three sessions. In Sessions 1 and 3, rules were presented concurrently and in Session 2 separately. The order of presentation of the rules was manipulated in each condition. In Condition 1 the order of presentation was - RI / RIRA / RI / RIRA, in Condition 2 - RIRA / RI / RIRA, in Condition 3 - RA / RARI / RA / RARI and in Condition 4 - RARI / RA / RARI. In Experiment I, the delay was limited to distribution points during the session, following the rule RI produced points during the sessions and following the rule RA produced points only at the end of the session, the exchange points for money was at the end of research. In Experiment II, following RI and RA produced points during the sessions, but the exchange points for money for following RI would occur at the end of the research and for following RA, the exchange would occur a week later. In Experiment I , 15 of the 16 participants and in Experiment II 13 of the 16 participants followed the rule RA, independent of a prior history of reinforcement for following the rule RI and independently of the rule RI producing points immediately, exchanged for money at the end of research. The results of both experiments indicate that the control by the rule that described consequences of greater magnitude, but delayed (RA), prevailed over the control by the rule that described consequences of smaller magnitude, but immediate (IR), even when the exchange points obtained in the sessions for money was postponed for a week. These results suggest that the probability of occur following rules may depend, in part, on the type of consequence related in the rule, namely, of the formal properties of the rule, and not exclusively for reinforcement history for rulefollowing Behavior.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise dos comportamentos de aproximação e retraimento de pré-termos de risco evidenciados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-02-17) FARIAS, Gabriela Ribeiro Barros de; AGUIAR, Maria Socorro dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6149887780782216
Care taking in neonatology has been increased in the last years concerning the conditions of prematurity and low weight at birth, specially related to health, growth and development of children who are under such a condition of risk. One of the most relevant points of neonatology researches is about the behavioral observation of signs emitted by the premature organism work, which possibly reveal the level of organization or disorganization of the organism as a whole, making it possible to predict future harms. Since 1978, an American researcher , Heidelise Als, with a group of collaborators, has started several researches about the behavior and assistance to low weight premature babies which do emphasize a differential care practice to their development using as a base the Syncronic Active Theory of Development (SATD), which has enabled the registration and elaboration of individualized care in order to promote the development of premature babies, reflecting gains for an effective development of the different functions of the organism, mainly in the motor cognitive and behavioral areas. Hence, this paper has the aim to quantify those behaviors which are more evident in the context of a Neonatology Intensive Care Unit (NICU), and what the environmental mechanisms which favor their manifestations are, in order to track down the cares to development according to the reality present in the NICU. The research has been planned through a pre-project which has enabled the registration in 19 samples of children to 30 sections of observation, being developed in the period of April to June, 2005. Data collection has been performed in premature babies with low weight at birth and with fetus age between 26 to 37 weeks. Such collection has used a standard etogram based on behavioral observation of H.Als, marking the environmental events that had promoted some behaviors. The observation was performed in a period of 15 minutes per individual of such sample. The tabulated data resulted in general data through maternal and babies variables and through specific data of behaviors and environmental interferences. The general data have kept a similarity with other researches, pointing out unfavorable social conditions and maternal predisposition to infections as possible predisposition factors to a premature delivery as well as the prematurity situation as a worsening event of the babys health and welfare. Among the specific data, it was possible to register a prevalence of restraint behaviors which do reveal the babys disorganization facing the excess of environmental interferences, such as noises, manipulation and luminosity, much common in NICUs. Eventually, through such facts, we suggest into this research possible solutions to ease the excess of disorganizing behavioral manifestations, trying to make a priority to the cares of the development through practices already used by H.Als and her team.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise dos efeitos de um treino parental sobre comportamentos de crianças com TDAH: comparação entre setting terapêutico e ambiente domiciliar
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-08) NEVES, Maria Elizabete Coelho das; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723
This study aims to contribute with the evaluation of the effects of behavioral intervention addressed to parents/guardians of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder – ADHD, investigating the effects of this model on parental training under two conditions, therapeutic setting (Condition 1) and home environment (Condition 2), on the occurrence of hyperactivity behavior versus self-control. The participants were the parents of four children, between five and nine years of age. The following instruments were used: Free Informed Term of Consent - FITC, Parental Style Inventory – PSI, Child Behavior Checklist – Teachers Report Form CBCL/ TRF, teacher’s version of the ADHD rating scale, Initial Interview Guideline, Interview and Evaluation Guideline, Final Evaluation Guideline, Brazilian Economic Rating Criteria-BERC. The research process consisted in: (a) contacting a pediatric neurologist; (b) participants’ triage and invitation; (c) distribution of two participants for each condition of intervention; (d) initial evaluation, including interview with the guardians, application of FTIC, PSI and CBCL; (e) visit to school and application of FTIC, ADHD rating scale and teacher’s versions of TRF; (f) five intervention sessions, taped in audio and video, two baselines, one habituation to rules and two maintenance in behavior and installation of self-observation behavior, which involved situations of interaction in games with rules, with participation of therapist- researcher, the child’s mother, (g) an evaluation interview on the first phase; (h) reversion of context for the participants and (i) final evaluation, done through interviews with the guardians and a repetition of the previously used standard instruments with the parents and teachers, plus the BERC. The data obtained through such standardized instruments received treatment indicated in the manuals. Two systems of categories for behavior analysis were used, one to describe the mothers’ behavior and the other, the children’s behavior. The main results suggest that children in the consulting room environment had a greater occurrence of behavior emission of self-control than in the home environment, which, on the other hand, had prevalence of hyperactivity-impulsivity behavior. Likewise, mothers in the consulting room environment scored better than those in the home environment group. There was an increase in educative practices for most mothers. One discusses the consulting room context as an effective intervention environment, although it is recognized that the difficulties of control of inadequate behavior are greater for parents in the home environment, as a result, intervention in a natural environment must be considered during the therapeutic process. On the other hand, parental training has demonstrated to be effective in the acquisition, enhancement and maintenance of positive educative practices for all mothers, which may influence beneficially the behavior of children with ADHD.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Analise paramétrica do comportamento do zebrafish no labirinto em cruz com rampa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-03-20) MOTTA, Carla Mendes da; JUNIOR, Amauri Gouveia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274
Animal models have been a useful tool in the study and treatment of anxiety. Parametric studies are important to ensure these models validity since they help to identify witch parameters of the model are relevant to produce anxiety-like behaviors. The Plus-maze with Ramp is an anxiety model for fishes, adapted from the Elevated Plus-maze with Ramp. The present study consists of a parametric analysis of the zebrafish’s response in the Plus-Maze with Ramp, evaluating the effects of sex, ramp inclination, light level and arms width. Results showed that, regardless of any manipulation in the evaluated parameters, the animals preferred the flat arms instead of arms with ramp, that the light level of 700 lux increased the animal’s general exploratory behavior and that the ramp inclination of 34,43º increased the total number of entries in the flat arms. The plusmaze with Ramp seems to be a valid model for the study of anxiety in fish and the standard measures of the apparatus seems adequate.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Um análogo experimental de uma prática cultural: efeitos de um produto agregado contingente, mas não contíguo, sobre uma contigência de reforçamento entrelaçada
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-04) LOPES, Eduardo Barbosa; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592
According to Skinner’s causal model of selection by consequences, human behavior is a product of three levels of selection: phylogeny, ontogeny and culture. Empiric investigations of the third level just recently begun in behavior analysis. In the theoretic field, Glenn introduced the concept of Metacontingency to describe functional relations between interlocked reinforcement contingencies and an aggregated outcome responsible for the selection of the interlock. In laboratory, a pioneer work by Vichi, reproduced a metacontingency using a procedure adapted from experimental studies in sociology. Vichi suggests that the interlocking behaviors of a small group of people could be modified by the aggregated outcome produced by the interlock, in this way, characterizing a metacontingency. The present work is a replication of Vichi’s study, with the objective to verify if interlocked behavioral contingencies can in fact be selected by an aggregated outcome contingent to the behaviors of people of a small group microculture. The participants were eight undergraduate students, divided into two groups of four, who accomplished a group task. The task consisted in a problem to solve by choosing a cell in a matrix composed of 8 columns and 8 rows, containing positive and negative signs. On each trial, the participants chose one row and the experimenter chose one column. A positive sign in the intersection of the chosen row and column resulted in gains for the group; a negative sign resulted in losses. The column chosen by the experimenter was contingent to the way in which the gains were distributed by the group (equally or unequally) in the immediately anterior trial. In experimental condition A, the positive sign was contingent to an equal distribution of gains, and in the experimental condition B, the positive sign was contingent to an unequal distribution of gains. Group 1 presented 43% of correct choices (the participants distributed the gains accordingly to the experimental condition imposed), and the group 2 made 19% correct choices. These results showed that procedures which use contingent consequences (win or lose in a trial) without contiguity with the interlock, make it difficult to select such interlock. However, interlocked contingencies of reinforcement were selected by its aggregated outcome under variables not controlled in the experiment. This phenomenon can be characterized as an experimental analogous of a metacontingency. The procedure, possible improvements of the procedure and the complexity of the experimental task are discussed. Emergent superstitious rule patterns of behavior are also discussed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação de tentativas discretas por cuidadores para o ensino de habilidades verbais a crianças diagnosticadas com autismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08-25) SILVA, Álvaro Júnior Melo e; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7231331062174024
The cases of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are characterized by persistent deficits in communication and social interaction in multiple contexts. The diagnosis of ASD also involves the presence of repetitive behavior and restricted interests. Considering the need of intervention and the lack of qualified professionals to implement intervention the purpose of this study was to verify the effects of parent-implemented teaching programs (VI) on the performance of children (VD). Participants included three children diagnosed with autism and their respective caregivers. Through a multiple probe design, the independent variable (IV) was selectively implemented on each of the teaching programs. Caregivers carried out the intervention at home and had their performance, and the performance of their children, was evaluated in sessions conducted in the room of the APRENDE Project/UFPA. Their performance was monitored during every session. Two or more programs were selected for each child. Participant 1 reached criterion for performance accuracy in the following programs: "Tact of Actions", "Mand with Autoclitic", and "Intraverbal of Personal Informations" after 7, 13, 19 sessions, respectively. Participant 2 needed 24 to 48 sessions and the Participant 3, 5 to 38 sessions to achieve accuracy in the programs. Data show that the intervention via caregiver, guided by a behavior analyst, can be effective and appropriate to the social-economic context of Brazil, characterized by lack of governm.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aprendizagem observacional em crianças com autismo: efeitos do ensino de respostas de monitoramento via videomodelação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-07-22) BRASILIENSE, Izabel Cristina da Silva; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
Has been pointed that video-modeling seems to promote the observational learning in individuals with Autism, included verbal repertories. However individuals with Autism often exhibit difficulty to learn by observing the actions of others. One method to provide observational learning it is previous training of monitoring pair’s actions. Nevertheless, monitoring training studies has been accomplished in-vivo pairs, making them more expensive and committing experimental control. This study investigated the possibility of establishing monitoring response via video-modeling. Furthermore, investigated if observational learning of tacts and textual could emerge by acquisition of monitoring repertory. Two children with autism participated. Observational learning tests via video-modeling were performed. Then the tact monitoring training via videomodeling was implemented in three steps: (1) teaching of monitoring behavior; (2) attempt to the model’s responses and (3) attempt to the model’s response consequence, not knowing the objects’ tacts. Afterwards, tests for tacts and textual were conducted via video-modeling. Two children acquire monitoring repertory in four sessions, indicating that monitoring training via video-modeling can be an effective and economic alternative for monitoring training. The acquisition of monitoring repertory beneficed the acquisition of tact and textual via observational learning for one of the participants. It is discussed the potential effects of video-modeling to train precurrent behaviors necessary for observational learning and the necessity of continuing researchxii in this area for better comprehension of variables that influence the acquisition of observational learning.

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