Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação - PPGBC/Altamira
URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/9260
Surge em 2014 diante da necessidade de formar profissionais capacitados para lidar com os aspectos ambientais, econômicos e sociais que permeiam a biodiversidade brasileira e, em especial, a da região amazônica. O PPGBC está vinculado ao Campus Universitário de Altamira, da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), suprindo uma importante demanda do ensino superior na região Transamazônica e Xingu.
Área de conhecimento: Ciências Biológicas (Ecologia, Zoologia, Fisiologia, Morfologia, Genética, Botânica, Sistemática, Taxonomia, Filogenia, Microbiologia), as Ciências Exatas e Naturais (Geologia, Matemática e Estatística), e às Ciências Sociais Aplicadas (Economia e Sociologia).
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Caracterização anato-histoquímica e nutricional de Piper peltatum L. (Piperaceae): uma planta alimentícia não convencional ocorrente na Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-29) PALHETA, Gredany Rodrigues; HERRERA, Raírys Cravo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/215377919730650; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-9699-8359; REIS, Alisson Rodrigo Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7258026642139407; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7182-4814Unconventional food plants (UFP) are a group of edible and medicinal species not commercialized on a large scale, including leaves, flowers, fruits, roots, among other parts. Its origin is associated with traditional people who passed on their knowledge to family members. Given the diverse Brazilian flora, especially Amazonian species, there are still few scientific reports about these plants. Therefore, it is necessary to apply new methodologies for taxonomic identification, presence of substances and nutritional profile of edible plants. Because of this, the work aimed to diagnose the scientific production of non-conventional food plants and anatomically and nutritionally characterize the caapeba-amazônica leaf (Piper peltatum L.), contributing to scientific knowledge of the Amazonian flora. For scientometrics, the descriptors “Plantas alimentícias não convencionais” were used in Google Scholar and “Unconventional Food Plant*” in Scopus and Web of Science. For data visualization, R language was used by the Bibliometrix package and the Publish or Perish software. Astra Blue and Basic Fuchsin reagents were added to the anatomical sections of the leaf and Toluidine Blue, Ferric Chloride, Lugol and Sudam III were added for histochemistry. The Nutritional characterization was determined by analyzes of Moisture, Water Activity, Ph, TTA, TSS, Ashes, Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and antioxidant profile. In the results, an increase in publications about UFP was observed and the theme has been published in journals with a high Qualis stratum. Related keywords indicate experimental studies as relevant themes for publication. The caapeba-amazônica is a species present in UFP articles although little quoted and studied. The anatomical characteristics of the P. peltatum leaf are consistent with the piperaceae family. In its histochemical test, the presence of lipids, phenolic compounds, starch and cellulose was observed. From the physiochemical results, it was observed to be perishable and should be stored in refrigeration. It is a source of minerals, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, in addition to being an antioxidant. It is important to maintain new studies to contribute to the knowledge of UFP species, including Amazonian ones, such as P. peltatum, which presents substances with medicinal and food properties similar to other UFP hardwoods. Its consumption depends on the central vein of the leaf being removed, softened by cooking and similar culinary preparation of the cabbage leaf. It is a food and nutrient alternative, including for individuals affected by food insecurity. Its consumption favors agroecology and conservation of Amazonian biodiversity.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Caracterização espermática de Parancistrus nudiventris Rapp Py-Daniel & Zuanon, 2005 (Siluriformes, Loricariidae), espécie amazônica endêmica do Rio Xingu, Pará, Brasi(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-03-21) LOPES, Thaís da Silva; SOUSA, Leandro Melo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6529610233878356; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0793-9737Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Descrição e osteologia de uma nova espécie do gênero Leporinus (Characiformes: anostomidae) do rio Xingu, Para, Brasil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-19) CHAVES, Cláudia Sousa; BIRINDELLI, José Luis Olivan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4475607120379771; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9646-9636; SOUSA, Leandro Melo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6529610233878356; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0793-9737; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9646-9636The fishes of the Anostomidae family are popularly known in Brazil as aracus, piaus and piaparas, being widely distributed in the Neotropical region, with more than half of the 150 known species concentrated in the Amazon. In the Xingu River, 23 species of Anostomidae are known, and the present study seeks to expand knowledge about the diversity of Anostomidae in the Xingu River basin, through the description of a new species, using traditional taxonomy tools and molecular markers, in addition to verify its distribution pattern and conservation status. The analyzed material comes from collections in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Xingu River, and is deposited in the scientific collections of LIA, INPA, MZUSP, MPEG and MZUEL. A total of 56 individuals were analyzed. Leporinus sp.2 has a body with a longitudinal dark stripe that goes from the anterior portion of the operculum to the caudal peduncle, formed by horizontally elongated macules, dark transverse bars on the dorsum and 3/4 dental formula. It is similar in color pattern to L. britskii, L. guttatus, L. marcgravii, L. microphysus, L. unitaeniatus, L. vanzoi and L. octomaculatus. The new species differs from L. britskii, L. guttatus, L. marcgravii and L. octomaculatus by having 16 rows of scales around the caudal peduncle (vs. 12), from L. unitaeniatus, L. vanzoi by having three teeth on the premaxilla (vs, four). The DNA Barcode data also corroborate this hypothesis, since the new species differs from all analyzed congeners. The closest congeners of the new species are L. uniateiniatus and L. vanzoi, with whom it has a genetic distance of about 3%. Osteological characteristics of the species are described, illustrated and discussed.Osteological characteristics of the species are described, illustrated and discussed.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Desenvolvimento osteológico de Pseudacanthicus pirarara (Siluriformes, Loricariidae)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-02-16) RAMOS, Lucas Fernando Peres; CHAMON, Carine Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6917927460947313; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1122-6788; SOUSA, Leandro Melo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6529610233878356; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0793-9737The Loricariidae family is characterized by encompassing a great diversity of species, many of which are present in the Amazon basin. Pseudacanthicus pirarara is a large- sized catfish species that has records of occurrence in the Xingu river basin. The species has an intense orange or almost red color on its fins, in addition to rows of yellow covered by dermal bone plates formed by highly developed odontodes, these are characteristics that make P. pirarara a prominent species in the aquarium trade, in which has long attracted the attention of aquarists around the world. One of the most studied anatomical systems in fish is the skeleton, so that the characteristics present in the bones of individuals are essential for directing work on the description and morphology of species. Studies that investigate the osteological development of fish can be carried out with individuals in different periods of life, however, works that use specimens in the initial stages of development are more detailed, presenting exclusive data, in addition to serving as comparison material for other Teleosts. Thus, the main objective of this study is to carry out a complete osteological description of the representatives of Pseudacanthicus pirarara that are in the initial stages of life, in addition to reporting the osteological development of the individuals during the larval period. The specimens used for this study come from ex situ reproduction procedures realized at the Laboratório de Aquicultura de Peixes Ornamentais do Xingu (LAQUAX). One hundred individuals were obtained in different stages of life and degrees of development. For the osteological analyses, the individuals were submmited to the Taylor & Van Dyke diaphanization protocol with adaptations for larvae. Subsequently, osteological analyzes were carried out through the dissection of the specimens, so that a complete elaboration of the nomenclature of the bone structures was possible. During the analyses, we investigated the moment of ossification of the structures, considering the life stages and the standard length of the individuals, seeking to record the initial ontogenetic development, and to elaborate the first osteological description of a large Loricariidae species. Finally, we discuss the heterochronies and the moment of ossification of the bone complexes in P. pirarara, comparing with the available ontogenetic data of another representative of Loricariidae, and of two other Siluriformes.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Diversidade de mamíferos e aves cinegéticas na terra do meio(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-28) SACCARDI, Victor; HERNÁNDEZ-RUZ, Emil José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9304799439158425; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3593-3260Studies on species abundance are critical to understand the patterns and responses of communities to everlasting effects, like climate change, or transient disturbances, like hunting and deforestation. Millions of people in tropical forests depend on wildlife to ensure their protein intake and their food security. Terra do Meio is located in Pará state, Brazilian Amazon, in the watershed of the middle Xingu river, composing a group of protected areas that receive great deforestation pressure, where traditional indigenous and riverside populations live. In order to describe the diversity of medium and large mammals and game bird species of three Conservation Units, 835 km were covered in nine transects. Comparisons were also made between the areas, ascertaining the impacts of hunting, and proposed recommendations for the monitoring of the biodiversity. Population estimates of the species were obtained by the Distance Sampling method. Indirect data were also collected and camera traps also installed. 47 species were recorded. The results suggest that hunting does not drastically affect wild populations in the area and may indicate that local hunting currently tends to be sustainable. This study reinforces the importance of extensive areas for the maintenance of viable populations and the sustainability of hunting in these regions. This study presents estimates of species density in these areas, and it provides the first information on the diversity of mammals and game birds of Riozinho do Anfrísio Extractive Reserve.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Explorando a biodiversidade do rio Xingu: apresentação e validação de um novo equipamento de amostragem de DNA ambiental(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-29) BAHIANA, Bruno Gonçalves; KEPPELER, Friedrich Wolfgang; GIARRIZZO, Tommaso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5889416127858884Knowledge and monitoring of biodiversity are key elements for defining actions and initiatives focused on nature conservation and restoration. However, monitoring techniques are generally expensive and time-consuming, which complicates efforts to identify and manage biological diversity. In this sense, it is essential to investigate new fast, non-invasive and low-cost methods that can provide reliable and robust results and information, highlighting, in this context, approaches based on the use of environmental DNA (eDNA). eDNA is a complex mixture of genetic material originating from entire organisms or parts of them, present in environmental matrices, which can be, for example, soil, water or sediment. This project presents a prototype of a simple and low-cost equipment to obtain eDNA sampling, aiming to explore the richness and composition of the ichthyofauna in the Fish Transposition System of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP), located in the middle course of the Xingu River, a hyperdiverse river located in the Amazon Brazilian. To this end, a new and affordable piece of equipment was manufactured for passive collection of genetic material (eDNA) using a metal structure and two PVC tubes. A flow meter was attached to one of the tubes and two rolls of gauze were firmly attached to the other tube. From the samples, which were collected every two hours over a 24-hour period, a species inventory was generated using a combination of fish-specific molecular markers (Tele02 12S). To validate the equipment and the proposed methodology, the temporal variation in the richness and composition of the fish fauna detected with eDNA were compared with those recorded during monitoring using the Video-Image System located at the exit of the STP. The results indicate that the method was efficient and sampled 100% of the ichthyofauna orders that were recorded in monitoring with SVI, but the similarity between the two methods reduced as taxonomic specificity increased. This result can be explained by the low representation of Xingu species in existing genomic libraries. In this sense, eDNA is a promising approach with great potential to become a valuable tool for studying and monitoring the composition of fish in highly diverse tropical freshwater rivers with affordable costs and minimal impacts on organisms and habitats, but which, in this At the moment, more basic research is needed so that it can replace and/or complement traditional sampling methods.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Germinação após alagamento, fenologia, morfologia e bioquímica de sementes de Campsiandra angustifolia Spruce Ex Beth(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-11-28) FONTENELE, Milena Gomes; HERRERA, Raírys Cravo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2153779197306503; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-8359Periodic flooding, a characteristic of Amazonian riparian forests, plays a central role in the ecological dynamics of these environments, but also poses challenges for plant species. The study involved the manual collection of Campsiandra angustifolia Spruce ex Beth fruits from 10 mother trees located on the banks of the Xingu River in Altamira. After the fruits had naturally opened, the seeds were evaluated for their characteristics, including measurements of length, width, thickness and weight. The water content of the seeds was also determined and biochemical analyses were performed, such as the quantification of proteins, amino acids and soluble carbohydrates. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate seed germination under flooding conditions, the floating time and post-flooding germination, with different flooding periods. The seeds were characterized as large, flat, dark brown in color and smooth in texture. In terms of size, they are on average 45.16 mm long, 52.02 mm wide, 7.70 mm thick and weigh 6.82 g. The seeds present an average of 17.6164 mg PRT/gDM for total soluble proteins. Among the protein fractions, glutelins presented the highest concentration, followed by prolamins, albumins and globulins. Total soluble amino acids presented a concentration of 65.5260 mg AA/gDM. As for sugars, the values of total soluble sugars (AST) and reducing sugars (RS) were 66.0156 mg AST/gDM and 61.9131 mg RS/gDM, respectively. Although all the seeds initially floated and later sank in the water, the environment did not provide the necessary conditions for germination. However, the results indicated that C. angustifolia seeds have a high germination capacity after short periods of flooding (15, 30 and 45 days). However, in longer periods of flooding (60, 75 and 90 days), germination was progressively reduced. The absence of significant effects of flooding on seedling growth variables indicated that, once germinated, they can develop relatively uniformly under different initial flooding conditions.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Micropropagação de espécies lenhosas nativas: análise cienciométrica e perspectivas para a conservação(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-30) SILVA, Gabriel Alves de Souza da; ROCHA, Tainá Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483048741747967; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0001-6842-2945; HERRERA, Raírys Cravo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2153779197306503; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2153779197306503Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Prática da caça por moradores urbanos na região oeste da rodovia Transamazônica paraense, no médio Xingu(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-10-25) REZENDE, Rozinete Francisca; GOMES, Felipe Bittioli Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0924023357753741; MOURTHÉ, Ítalo Martins da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0147415006930129; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6289-6517Hunting is an important socioeconomic and cultural activity for human populations, including riverine and indigenous ones. Although it is also practiced by urban populations, studies considering these actors are still scarce. Our objective was to characterize hunting by urban dwellers in three cities located in the west stretch of the Transamazon Highway in Pará. The research consisted of semi-structured interviews and informal conversations. The following characteristics were characterized: i) hunted animals, ii) employed techniques, iii) hunters 'socioeconomic profile, and iv) influence of species characteristics on hunters' preference or rejection. Interviews took place between March and May 2019. Principal Coordinate Analyzes were used to determine the most important characteristics in hunters' choice or rejection of species. 59 men were interviewed, 16 in Altamira, 24 in Brasil Novo and 19 in Medicilândia. Most of the interviewees had local origin (61%), incomplete elementary (46%) or high school (29%) and monthly income ≤1,500 reais (68%). Hunting is more frequent during drought, using the waiting technique (91%). Most respondents hunt in forested areas (86%), relatively close to cities. Twenty-one species were mentioned, including 15 mammals, 4 birds and 2 reptiles. Cuniculus paca (paca), Tayassu pecari (peccary), Mazama americana (red deer), and armadillos (Dasypodidae) were the most hunted species. The size, taste of meat, availability and existence of conflicts with agricultural activity were the main characteristics determining the preference of hunters. Ten species, including primates and tapirs (Tapirus terrestis), were rejected mainly due to their appearance, availability and taste of meat.