Teses em Sociologia e Antropologia (Doutorado) - PPGSA/IFCH
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/8829
O Doutorado Acadêmico pertence ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia e Antropologia (PPGSA) é vinculado ao Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (IFCH) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).
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Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Dinâmicas divergentes em zonas de produção para a exportação: os caminhos de Brasil e China.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-04-29) AMARAL, Francinézio Lima do; SILVA, Carlos Freire da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7489756177996098; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-0202-8678; CHAVES, Andréa Bittencourt Pires; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2807941293114021; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0247-9265This thesis analyzes the process of hegemonization of the concept of economic development within Western imperialist capitalism, focusing on its impositions of economic and political subalternization that have impacted the attitudes and decisions of policymakers in the governments of Brazil and China. These influences are reflected in the construction of their planning and action instruments, particularly in relation to the dynamics of their export production zones as regional development policies, within a context of crisis in the hegemony of power in the current geopolitical scenario. Subsequently, the thesis examines the legacies of socioeconomic development of the Manaus Free Trade Zone (ZFM) and the Strategic Economic Zones (ZEEs), aiming to reflect on the paths each has taken up to the present day. It seeks to draw attention to the urgent need to restore the centrality of debates in the Social Sciences regarding the roles of the concepts of State, development, subalternization, and hegemony in the current geopolitical context, in light of the structural crisis of capitalism. By comparing unequal objects, the thesis highlights the historical, economic, political, and social factors that bring them closer together, thereby revealing causes, effects, and learning opportunities that may contribute to the search for alternatives to the challenges and demands faced by nation-building projects in the Global South.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) O lugar do corpo no corpo do lugar: uma etnografia da panha do açaí entre jovens da Ilha das Onças - Pa(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-07-27) BASSALO, Terezinha de Fátima Ribeiro; SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1972975269922101The relationship between bodies and places in daily activities is the theme of this study which aims to present and at the same time understand, the forms and meanings attributed to such relationships in the practice of collecting açaí. The research carried out on Ilha das Onças - an island region close to Belém, capital of the state of Pará, in the northern region of Brazil -took place from the entrance in the açaizais belonging to seven young interlocutors - two female and five male - and made it possible to follow the universe of açaí “panha”, through experiences and narratives. The "panha" - name given by the residents of Ilha das Onças to the activity of collecting açaí - is here understood as a relational action between humans and plants, which is expressed as a technique and at the same time as an individual skill why conforms one own way of accomplishment, whose aim is to reap the rewards without hurting them, involving risks, heights and a lot of care. It reveals how interwoven the bodies of people are with their places of residence, which are also places of work. The collection of açaí, among the set of body techniques practiced on the islands near Belém, is a secular, ancestral and, therefore, traditional activity, and the collected product is a source of food and an economic base for those who live on Ilha das Onças. The experience in the açaizais accompanying people who collect the açaí, resulted in an ethnography of the “panha”, based on three body movements with different rhythms: the ascent, the arrival at top of palm tree, the descent and other perceptions. After the “panha” comes the “dibulha” and the packaging of the fruits in rasas in a handmade way, because beautiful and useful, preparing the moment when the product will be exposed, touched, tasted and marketed. The “panha” also leaves marks on the bodies of the collectors, revealing traces of the plant's agency, stigmas and attribution of masculinity. She is a “man's job”, but she is also a woman's. Women “panham” the “bébi” and “panham” the açaí. In short, the bodies of collectors and collectors are constituted by a permanent and updated inter-agency interplay between environment, society and the individual that is imprinted on them, as in a palimpsest. The relationship between man / woman and plant / açaí sets up a braid in the island's landscapes.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) OLHARES DA/NA CI(S)DADE: transexualidades/travestilidades, raça e práticas nos espaços citadinos de Belém – PA “em plena luz do dia”(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-03-19) GOMES, Gleidson Wirllen Bezerra; SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1972975269922101This thesis aims to understand the relationship between the gender transitions of trans/travestis people and their practices in urban spaces (CERTEAU, 2014) in Belém “in broad daylight”. Thus, the ethnography proposed here was elaborated from references and reflections of Urban Anthropology, in dialogue with gender, sexualities and race studies. One of its bases was the biographical narratives (ROCHA; ECKERT, 2013a) of five interlocutors who, based on their life trajectories, allow them to reflect on the issues of gender, sexuality and race involved in their daily transits through the city. In addition to the semi-structured interviews focused on life trajectories, the narratives and reflections of trans/travestis people about Belém were also used, as well as direct observations with them, using the street ethnography technique (ROCHA; ECKERT, 2013b) to describe and interpret the situations that occurred in places in Belém such as streets, squares, sidewalks, and also in their displacements in the city within bus. The ethnographic data constructed in this way were organized into “scenes”, inspired by Perlongher (1984), in which it is possible to perceive the performances (TURNER, 2015; SCHECHNER, 2012) contained therein, gestures and facial expressions, evidencing the looks of strangers in the capital of Pará as one of the micro-gestures that make up the urban interactions (GOFFMAN, 2014) of trans/travestis people, when their bodies are sometimes rejected, sometimes desired, or observed with curiosity, demonstrating part of the complexity of the urban lifestyle in this amazon city. In these games of glances, territorialities (PERLONGHER, 1984; 2008) are also perceived in their symbolic-spatial demarcations in Belém, which helps us to think about the idea of a ci(s)ty, that is, a city that has in its foundations cisgenderism and whiteness, acting in the delimitations of the concrete spaces of the city and composing part of the social relations experienced therein.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) O outro como um eu na educação escolar: uma crítica à racionalidade desumana aplicada à avaliação escolar(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-12) SODRÉ, Marcelo Santos; CARDOSO, Denise Machado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685857306168366As a central research problem, this Doctoral Thesis aimed to investigate from the point of view of Personalism in Mounier and Buber whether the public school could be historically conceived as a "Buberian I-It" and what are the ontological effects of this phenomenon on the formation of( as) students. Added to these is the objective of thinking about a conception of school education that could break with the instrumental character that permeates formal education to the point of effectively conceiving the other as a self in school education. Thus, to arrive at the results, I proposed, through a linear analytical path, a certain history of Brazilian school education, considering, on the one hand, the period that extends from the 16th century to contemporary times, and, on the other, the central theoretical references of the research and a specialized literature on the theme of proposed historicity. Therefore, it was possible to critically present the characteristics of the instrumental rationality that surrounds the educational phenomenon, classified by this research as dehumanizing. Then, in a more specific study of school education in Pará, focused on the first two decades of the 2000s, I identified that the educational model (conception) that was preponderant over other possible models in the public schools investigated was propaedeutics. This diagnosis made it possible for me to verify that this teaching model transformed high school into a kind of ―preparatory course‖ for the ENEM exams and/or for other selective entry processes for higher education, generating, as an ontological effect, the dehumanization of students. (the) students. It is in this context that I close the Thesis by proposing a pedagogical edge to break with the propaedeutic model: the ―class as an encounter‖. Therefore, the investigation sites were public schools selected between 2016 and 2020, and the methodology developed followed the explanatory and comprehensive matrices, with a deductive approach based on theoretical and field research. As a result, the investigated thesis was confirmed.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Por um turismo decolonial: reflexões antropológicas a partir da turistificação da Ilha do Combu/Pa(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-04) NUNES, Thainá Guedelha; FURTADO, Lourdes de Fátima Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1828475659148260; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5243-4607Starting from 2015, on the Combu Island, an Environmental Protection Area belonging to the insular area of Belém do Pará, a process of touristification began that took it out of its condition of relative invisibility, attracting more and more visitors. In view of this, this thesis aims to analyze this process and its main consequences. Having the island as the stage, we sought to critically reflect on tourism having been constituted under the influence of coloniality and, consequently, assimilated the notions of development and modernity. Using the debates arising from the Anthropology of Tourism, with contributions from authors who address decoloniality, the results presented are fruits of a qualitative anthropological research. This research was based on ethnography, with direct and participant observation, semi-structured interviews, online questionnaire and photographic records. Investigations were also carried out on the internet, seeking to follow on a social network profiles of establishments on the island, material for their dissemination and comments on posts about the island by profiles of newspapers in the city. The results presented here are derived not only from the research carried out during the doctoral period, but from the researches that I have carried out since 2010, which enabled me to follow the transformations that the island has been going through. Another methodological dimension was that of action research, in which counterparts of the research were established for the community. Booklets will be produced for the owners of the establishments and for the visitors, and a website about the Combu Island was created. As results, it is found that the advancement of the search for leisure in the place consolidated it as an important tourist spot in Belém, generating more visibility, local appreciation, employment and income for the population. However, it attracted the attention of outsiders who also seek to take advantage of the promising possibilities, deciding to undertake in the place, intensifying the process of touristification. A disorderly development of tourism is observed, which has been intensifying rapidly, generating the proliferation of establishments, real estate speculation, disturbance of local daily life, pollution, erosion, insecurity, emergence of artificial attractions and changes to meet external demands. It was noticed that the way the activity has been developing in recent years in the place, reflects the ontologies propagated by coloniality, in the behavior and actions of agents of the Private Sector, the public Power and visitors. However, the local population has shown its agency and highlighted its protagonism in the face of this process. Finally, we sought to bring propositions to advance in the decolonization of tourism.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Produções audiovisuais das/nas baixadas de Belém-Pa: fronteiras simbólicas, experiências urbanas e (Re)configurações de paisagens nos bairros Jurunas e Terra Firme(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-03-20) COSTA, Victória Ester Tavares da; SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1972975269922101This research originates from concerns regarding the production and circulation of images of the Amazon in various narratives over the centuries. Driven to observe the region beyond the imaginaries that have been strengthened by repetition, I challenge the perceptions that relate to exotifications and immerse myself in the urban Amazon. Believing in pluralities and the constant processes of landscape reconstruction, I focus on the context of the lowlands of Belém, specifically the Jurunas and Terra Firme neighborhoods, in order to study urban formation in contexts of symbolic borders, understanding them as an in-between space of complex dynamics that include familiarities, tensions, conflicts, belongings, and, therefore, a significant potential for cultural and artistic production in the urban world of Belém. Thus, through a dialogue between the fields of anthropology and audiovisual studies, this research aims to demonstrate how artistic and communicative practices are constructed and constructed by the landscapes lived in the city, and, consequently, by the people and professionals who experience them in their daily lives. The ethnographic field of this research is audiovisual production (in all its phases of conception), with its foundation in the practices of the streets and what is said about them over time. What resonates and what has been forgotten in these spaces that bring the specificities of these artistic manifestations of the lowlands. Bringing urban anthropology and landscapes, cinema, and the imaginary together to chart these paths led me to explore places and follow the processes of shaping a Belém of other centralities, both in its ordinary dynamics and in its artistic expressions, which exceed the realms of sound and image, becoming a strategic tool for political-social expression.