Teses em Sociologia e Antropologia (Doutorado) - PPGSA/IFCH

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/8829

O Doutorado Acadêmico pertence ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia e Antropologia (PPGSA) é vinculado ao Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (IFCH) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Dinâmicas divergentes em zonas de produção para a exportação: os caminhos de Brasil e China.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-04-29) AMARAL, Francinézio Lima do; SILVA, Carlos Freire da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7489756177996098; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-0202-8678; CHAVES, Andréa Bittencourt Pires; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2807941293114021; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0247-9265
This thesis analyzes the process of hegemonization of the concept of economic development within Western imperialist capitalism, focusing on its impositions of economic and political subalternization that have impacted the attitudes and decisions of policymakers in the governments of Brazil and China. These influences are reflected in the construction of their planning and action instruments, particularly in relation to the dynamics of their export production zones as regional development policies, within a context of crisis in the hegemony of power in the current geopolitical scenario. Subsequently, the thesis examines the legacies of socioeconomic development of the Manaus Free Trade Zone (ZFM) and the Strategic Economic Zones (ZEEs), aiming to reflect on the paths each has taken up to the present day. It seeks to draw attention to the urgent need to restore the centrality of debates in the Social Sciences regarding the roles of the concepts of State, development, subalternization, and hegemony in the current geopolitical context, in light of the structural crisis of capitalism. By comparing unequal objects, the thesis highlights the historical, economic, political, and social factors that bring them closer together, thereby revealing causes, effects, and learning opportunities that may contribute to the search for alternatives to the challenges and demands faced by nation-building projects in the Global South.
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Mulheres Tembé-Tenetehara: entre saias, memórias, subjetividades e fotografias
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-27) CARDOSO, Ana Shirley Penaforte; CARDOSO, Denise Machado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685857306168366
This thesis is the result of an ethnographic study about indigenous women from the Tembé Tenetehara people who live in the Alto Rio Guamá Indigenous Territory (TIARG) in the state of Para, Brazil. This research draws on fieldwork experiences and observations with cultural leader Kuzà'i, shaman Francisca, and information about the late chief Veronica Tembe’s life, who passed away in December 2013. This study uses photography as a tool for interaction and analysis, creating ethnography through visual anthropology lens. This theoretical and methodological approach goal was to observe the convergences between verbal and visual statements that enable us to understand the historically constructed indigenous people identity production from the coloniality perspective, a concept that diverges from how the indigenous themselves perceive their daily lives. This study seeks to reflect on the indigenous women historically constructed symbolic image and analyze this imagistic aspect production that conflict with the indigenous people perspectives, whose comprehension of themselves differs considerably from the version imposed by outsiders. The thesis aims to analyze the Tenetehara women subjectivities in their cultural practices and the historical society movements’ context, which distinguish them from the 305 indigenous people currently living in Brazil, with 275 having "local" languages (IBGE, 2010). These field observations and informations allow us to recognize the historical generalization imposed on indigenous populations in the country, which perpetuates an Eurocentric "Indian" identity, marked by exoticism and neglects these people particularities. This identity is a coloniality power result, a colonial device that permeates history and resonates in contemporary society. Thus, this thesis aims to examine the indigenous women protagonism, using the body-territory concept (CELENTANI, 2014; XAKRIABÁ, 2018; KARIPUNA, 2021), which is a central element of their way of life. These women bodies’ images within their struggles, rights, and achievements are conceived as an instrument of knowledge, memory, and perception, which are embodied in the Territory, distancing us from the imposed matrix and the coloniality gaze.
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Produções audiovisuais das/nas baixadas de Belém-Pa: fronteiras simbólicas, experiências urbanas e (Re)configurações de paisagens nos bairros Jurunas e Terra Firme
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-03-20) COSTA, Victória Ester Tavares da; SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1972975269922101
This research originates from concerns regarding the production and circulation of images of the Amazon in various narratives over the centuries. Driven to observe the region beyond the imaginaries that have been strengthened by repetition, I challenge the perceptions that relate to exotifications and immerse myself in the urban Amazon. Believing in pluralities and the constant processes of landscape reconstruction, I focus on the context of the lowlands of Belém, specifically the Jurunas and Terra Firme neighborhoods, in order to study urban formation in contexts of symbolic borders, understanding them as an in-between space of complex dynamics that include familiarities, tensions, conflicts, belongings, and, therefore, a significant potential for cultural and artistic production in the urban world of Belém. Thus, through a dialogue between the fields of anthropology and audiovisual studies, this research aims to demonstrate how artistic and communicative practices are constructed and constructed by the landscapes lived in the city, and, consequently, by the people and professionals who experience them in their daily lives. The ethnographic field of this research is audiovisual production (in all its phases of conception), with its foundation in the practices of the streets and what is said about them over time. What resonates and what has been forgotten in these spaces that bring the specificities of these artistic manifestations of the lowlands. Bringing urban anthropology and landscapes, cinema, and the imaginary together to chart these paths led me to explore places and follow the processes of shaping a Belém of other centralities, both in its ordinary dynamics and in its artistic expressions, which exceed the realms of sound and image, becoming a strategic tool for political-social expression.
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Movimentos indígenas no Acre: interculturalidade e produção de saberes face a situação colonial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-30) ARAUJO, Felipe Nascimento; GARCÉS, Claudia Leonor López; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5655397771707702; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-0152
The Thesis is based on an analysis of three intersecting dimensions of the indigenous movement in Acre: the protagonism of Indigenous Agroforestry Agents (AAFIs), the protagonism of women, and the protagonism of youth. The aim was to understand how, through intercultural practices, agents of this movement produce knowledge about the colonial situation to which indigenous peoples are subjected. In this direction, there is a discussion of macro concepts such as the Anthropocene to understand the contemporary colonial situation, in an effort to intertwine them with the visions of these and other leaders. The thesis emerges in the form of a descriptive mosaic and interweaves a line of discussion about interculturality as an art of interethnic relations, its possibilities and limitations in facing the threats inherent in the colonial situation by the indigenous peoples with whom the fieldwork was conducted.
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Por um turismo decolonial: reflexões antropológicas a partir da turistificação da Ilha do Combu/Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-04) NUNES, Thainá Guedelha; FURTADO, Lourdes de Fátima Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1828475659148260; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5243-4607
Starting from 2015, on the Combu Island, an Environmental Protection Area belonging to the insular area of Belém do Pará, a process of touristification began that took it out of its condition of relative invisibility, attracting more and more visitors. In view of this, this thesis aims to analyze this process and its main consequences. Having the island as the stage, we sought to critically reflect on tourism having been constituted under the influence of coloniality and, consequently, assimilated the notions of development and modernity. Using the debates arising from the Anthropology of Tourism, with contributions from authors who address decoloniality, the results presented are fruits of a qualitative anthropological research. This research was based on ethnography, with direct and participant observation, semi-structured interviews, online questionnaire and photographic records. Investigations were also carried out on the internet, seeking to follow on a social network profiles of establishments on the island, material for their dissemination and comments on posts about the island by profiles of newspapers in the city. The results presented here are derived not only from the research carried out during the doctoral period, but from the researches that I have carried out since 2010, which enabled me to follow the transformations that the island has been going through. Another methodological dimension was that of action research, in which counterparts of the research were established for the community. Booklets will be produced for the owners of the establishments and for the visitors, and a website about the Combu Island was created. As results, it is found that the advancement of the search for leisure in the place consolidated it as an important tourist spot in Belém, generating more visibility, local appreciation, employment and income for the population. However, it attracted the attention of outsiders who also seek to take advantage of the promising possibilities, deciding to undertake in the place, intensifying the process of touristification. A disorderly development of tourism is observed, which has been intensifying rapidly, generating the proliferation of establishments, real estate speculation, disturbance of local daily life, pollution, erosion, insecurity, emergence of artificial attractions and changes to meet external demands. It was noticed that the way the activity has been developing in recent years in the place, reflects the ontologies propagated by coloniality, in the behavior and actions of agents of the Private Sector, the public Power and visitors. However, the local population has shown its agency and highlighted its protagonism in the face of this process. Finally, we sought to bring propositions to advance in the decolonization of tourism.
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O outro como um eu na educação escolar: uma crítica à racionalidade desumana aplicada à avaliação escolar
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-12) SODRÉ, Marcelo Santos; CARDOSO, Denise Machado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685857306168366
As a central research problem, this Doctoral Thesis aimed to investigate from the point of view of Personalism in Mounier and Buber whether the public school could be historically conceived as a "Buberian I-It" and what are the ontological effects of this phenomenon on the formation of( as) students. Added to these is the objective of thinking about a conception of school education that could break with the instrumental character that permeates formal education to the point of effectively conceiving the other as a self in school education. Thus, to arrive at the results, I proposed, through a linear analytical path, a certain history of Brazilian school education, considering, on the one hand, the period that extends from the 16th century to contemporary times, and, on the other, the central theoretical references of the research and a specialized literature on the theme of proposed historicity. Therefore, it was possible to critically present the characteristics of the instrumental rationality that surrounds the educational phenomenon, classified by this research as dehumanizing. Then, in a more specific study of school education in Pará, focused on the first two decades of the 2000s, I identified that the educational model (conception) that was preponderant over other possible models in the public schools investigated was propaedeutics. This diagnosis made it possible for me to verify that this teaching model transformed high school into a kind of ―preparatory course‖ for the ENEM exams and/or for other selective entry processes for higher education, generating, as an ontological effect, the dehumanization of students. (the) students. It is in this context that I close the Thesis by proposing a pedagogical edge to break with the propaedeutic model: the ―class as an encounter‖. Therefore, the investigation sites were public schools selected between 2016 and 2020, and the methodology developed followed the explanatory and comprehensive matrices, with a deductive approach based on theoretical and field research. As a result, the investigated thesis was confirmed.
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Pueblo Pijao y recuperación de Ima reetnización, sabidurías propias y defensa territorial en el Resguardo Indígena San Antonio de Calarma (Tolima, Colombia)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-20) ORTIZ GORDILLO, Andrés Felipe; CASTRO, Edna María Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
This research undertakes the critical systematization of the territorial recovery process that the Pijao people of the San Antonio de Calarma Reservation (Tolima, Colombia) has carried out since the mid-1970s. This process has been called “the recovery of Ima” (Mother Earth in Pijao), and is structured by two dimensions of the indigenous territorial struggle in the municipality of San Antonio de Calarma: recovering “ownership” of territories considered “ancestral” –both by institutional means and by de facto territorial occupation–, and the healing or restoration of balance in the "dry world" (Ima, the territory) in order to "return to the origin." Through militant research—situated in the methodological field of collaborative ethnographies and drawing from the epistemological principles of participatory action research—the recovery of Ima was determined to be not only a process of territorial defense, but also an exploration of the Pijao's own way of being, thinking and feeling the territory, an onto-epistemic process that has led to the recovery of Pijao wisdom called "Life-Conceptions", a complex relational system of territorial knowledge that proposes alternatives to the multiple crises imposed by capitalism. At the same time, the process of recovering Ima has contributed to the re-existence of the Pijao people in Southwest Tolima, by questioning the "de-Indianization" strategies that, since the mid-19th century, landowners and agro-industrial entrepreneurs used to "peasantize" the indigenous workforce and integrate the region into the circuits of coffee production which sustained the Colombian economy in the 20th century. In this sense, the recovery of Ima is an expression of the re-Indianization-re-ethnicization experienced by Tolima’s Pijao people, who have found in their territorial struggle a path to uncover their own wisdom and their own ways of organizing and mobilizing, with the ultimate goal of "recovering the balance of the dry world and returning to the origin."
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Minha cor é o Brasil? o desmonte administrativo e simbólico da Fundação Cultural Palmares
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-10-24) SILVA JUNIOR, Elton Luis da; SANTOS, Patrícia da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3554364096207512; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1266-1311
The objective of this work is to analyze how the actions and speeches of the former President of the Palmares Cultural Foundation – FCP, Sérgio do Nascimento Camargo,combined with the phenomenon of Bolsonarism experienced by Brazil, imply denialism and omission of the fight against racism in the country, reflecting in an administrative and symbolic dismantling of that institution. In this sense, we carried out an analysis of concrete institutional actions that sought to weaken the main federal institution for promoting Afro-Brazilian culture and combating racism in the country. To do so, we carried out research on the institution's official website in order to identify official documents such as Ordinances, Normative Instructions, Legislation, Official Notes to investigate the way in which the administrative and symbolic dismantling of the FCP is taking place. In addition, we conducted interviews with two Quilombola leaders from Pará to understand how the dismantling of the foundation impacted the daily life of the territories with regard to access or not to social rights. Methodologically, for research analysis, we used the technical steps of content analysis, as follows: organization of information; reading of the material; exploration and maturation of the corpus; treatment of the results, inference and interpretation about how the then management of the FCP promoted an administrative and symbolic dismantling of the institution and its reflections in the daily life of two Quilombola Communities in Pará. From the critical reading of the documents and interviews, we organized the main points of discussion in categories of interpretative analysis. The results of the research show that the management of the institution moved in the opposite direction to the policy of valuing Afro-Brazilian culture, stimulating racism in its various ramifications and aversion to the elements of Afro- Brazilian valuation. Therefore, we understand that the institutional actions of the management of Sérgio Camargo and his team acted in the opposite direction to the Foundation's Internal Regulations, attacking daily, in social networks and institutionally, everything that was related to our Afro-Brazilian heritage.
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ÒRÈ RÜ ÚKUẼ, sobre palavra e conselho: conhecimento e memória local na comunidade Mágüta (Tikuna) de Macedonia (Sul do Trapézio Amazônico- Colômbia)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-02-13) GÓMEZ-PULGARÍN, Wilson Eduardo; RODRIGUES, Carmem Izabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5924616509771424; LÓPEZ-GARCÉS, Claudia Leonor; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5655397771707702; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-0152
The Tikuna or Mágüta indigenous communities that nowadays inhabit the Amazon River / Solimões riverbank, in addition to contact with the school, the Catholic and Evangelical churches and tourism driven mainly by private companies, maintain an increasingly closer relationship with other indigenous peoples, with regional societies occupying Amazonian lands (the “new settlers”) and with the different Nation-States (Brazil, Colombia and Peru). New communication technologies also approach with television, the internet and, therefore, the social networks that connect the world. Meanwhile, the indigenous language is yielding ground in the social places of indigenous communities, children and adolescents begin to value and use other languages, other oralities, other forms of communication. In that scene, the Mágüta people, despite the constant and persistent influences of colonial and messianic thought, retain their language, their narratives and their word. In their narratives are expressed forms of knowledge and memory through which they build their position as a people and as a society in the great Amazon. Therefore, this research seeks to make and issue and understand how the knowledge of the word òrè (oral word and mythical word) is put forth in the indigenous Tikuna community of Macedonia, on the Colombian riverbank of the Amazon / Solimões River. Here the interpretations around orality will be important, the local representations that will place on stage the “power” of the word òrè and the memories of the úkue͂board. In this way, the central theme of this thesis explores the various forms of the word Mágüta in the community of Macedonia, to stop at orality and the message stated in the act of advising. Thus, a methodological approach based on the appeal to individual and collective memory is proposed, which explores communicative acts and researches together with local Mágüta actors (teachers, evangelical pastors, school community and traditional doctors) who still use the native language in the community. In the end, the message of the òrè speaks about the origin, the heroes, the myths and the social construction of the Mágüta people, but it also speaks about the intimate scenarios of everyday life, from where the word of advice that is usually given is activated to relatives, the community and anyone who wishes to receive.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Rádio, cidade, gosto e memória: uma etnografia da Belém que toca na feira do som
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-07-19) VENTURA, Jússia Carvalho da Silva; COSTA, Antonio Maurício Dias da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2563255308649361; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-9264
Las transformaciones tecnológicas han impuesto adaptaciones a las emisoras de radio que permiten la formación de realidades híbridas que coexisten en diferentes espacios tecnológicos, atendiendo a diferentes públicos y diferentes realidades. Rádio Cultura do Pará, emisora pública creada en 1977 y vinculada a la Fundación Paraense de Radiodifusión (Funtelpa), presenta este tipo de hibridismo. En este universo de investigación, elegí trabajar con el programa "Feira do Som", uno de los más antiguos de la radio paraense, en antena desde 1972. Para hacer una etnografía del Belém interpretado en este programa de radio fue necesario utilizar algunas técnicas metodológicas: escucha participante, escucha no participante, entrevista en profundidad (presencial y online), análisis descriptivo del programa. La investigación tiene como objetivo identificar qué ciudad de Belém se construye y se consume a partir del programa de radio Feira do Som de Cultura FM Radio, una de las primeras emisoras de radio públicas de la Amazonia. Se defiende como hipótesis que la construcción de la memoria social y afectiva de la ciudad, a partir de la relación del público con los medios de comunicación, se facilita cuando este producto mediático pertenece a la Comunicación Pública. Así, el contenido emitido en el programa de radio Feira do Som permite una construcción de la memoria afectiva y social de la ciudad de Belém, ya sea por un Belém antiguo, ya sea por la selección musical regional. La construcción de la memoria social de la capital paraense a partir del programa de radio Feira do Som está guiada por el gusto, que es una experiencia sensible, sensorial y en sintonía con el lugar de pertenencia.
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O lugar do corpo no corpo do lugar: uma etnografia da panha do açaí entre jovens da Ilha das Onças - Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-07-27) BASSALO, Terezinha de Fátima Ribeiro; SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1972975269922101
The relationship between bodies and places in daily activities is the theme of this study which aims to present and at the same time understand, the forms and meanings attributed to such relationships in the practice of collecting açaí. The research carried out on Ilha das Onças - an island region close to Belém, capital of the state of Pará, in the northern region of Brazil -took place from the entrance in the açaizais belonging to seven young interlocutors - two female and five male - and made it possible to follow the universe of açaí “panha”, through experiences and narratives. The "panha" - name given by the residents of Ilha das Onças to the activity of collecting açaí - is here understood as a relational action between humans and plants, which is expressed as a technique and at the same time as an individual skill why conforms one own way of accomplishment, whose aim is to reap the rewards without hurting them, involving risks, heights and a lot of care. It reveals how interwoven the bodies of people are with their places of residence, which are also places of work. The collection of açaí, among the set of body techniques practiced on the islands near Belém, is a secular, ancestral and, therefore, traditional activity, and the collected product is a source of food and an economic base for those who live on Ilha das Onças. The experience in the açaizais accompanying people who collect the açaí, resulted in an ethnography of the “panha”, based on three body movements with different rhythms: the ascent, the arrival at top of palm tree, the descent and other perceptions. After the “panha” comes the “dibulha” and the packaging of the fruits in rasas in a handmade way, because beautiful and useful, preparing the moment when the product will be exposed, touched, tasted and marketed. The “panha” also leaves marks on the bodies of the collectors, revealing traces of the plant's agency, stigmas and attribution of masculinity. She is a “man's job”, but she is also a woman's. Women “panham” the “bébi” and “panham” the açaí. In short, the bodies of collectors and collectors are constituted by a permanent and updated inter-agency interplay between environment, society and the individual that is imprinted on them, as in a palimpsest. The relationship between man / woman and plant / açaí sets up a braid in the island's landscapes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pulsar: festa como potência societal. ou os jogos de identidade Quilombola e a refundação política das comunidades Quilombolas de Salvaterra - Marajó - Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-19) LIMA FILHO, Petrônio Medeiros; SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1972975269922101
This thesis is an anthropological study that seeks to understand the constitution and meanings of the Quilombola Identity Games (Q.I.J.) in the intra and intercomunities of the Quilombola People of Salvaterra, Marajó Island, Pará. The QIJ was created in the year 2004 in the context of the process in which 15 communities defined themselves as quilombolas in the municipality of Salvaterra. Every year since then, in November, a different quilombola community hosts the Games, when in addition to the hundreds of people who will attend the event, the quilombola communities of Salvaterra and other municipalities in Marajó send their delegations to represent them at the Games, mobilizing 400 to 600 quilombolas who are sheltered, fed and organized to participate in various types of sports during the day and in "cultural nights" and "nights of black beauty" presentations during the nights, over the four days of celebration. Ethnography has shown that this festival was constituted as a "quilombola political project" at the same time with, against and beyond the State, whose objective was/is to integrate the Marajoara quilombola communities in the context of struggles for socioterritorial rights. Because it lasts over time, because of its scope and capacity to mobilize people and resources, the meanings of this quilombola festival have expanded over time, being seen by quilombola interlocutors as time/space dedicated to the "black conscience"; to the fight against racism and as a place to show "their culture". Furthermore, in their preparation and implementation, the Q.I.J. has mobilized the quilombola social movement networks of Marajó, creating new spaces in the communities: the quilombola headquarters; contributed to the formation of new leaders for the quilombola social movement networks, as well as to the expansion of quilombola self-definition processes, especially among young people from these communities, which constitutes the most numerous age group present at these festivities. Based on the ethnography of the Q.I.J., I discuss the theory of the party and I suggest thinking of the party as a "Societal Power" that, in addition to reproducing, has (re)created and transformed these collectivities. The conclusions of this study show that festive socialities through creative imagination, aesthetic emotions and the work of bodies have produced other images, landscapes, creating other (imaginary) atmospheres that have contributed to a kind of political refoundation of these communities, giving rise to, in countless creative ways, the contemporary quilombos in Marajó.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Toda planta tem Alguém com ela” – sobre mulheres, plantas e imagens nos quintais de mangueiras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-04-24) PEIXOTO, Lanna Beatriz Lima; SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1972975269922101
This work is a study about the relationship of women and backyards, with an emphasis on plant cultivation. The research took place in the Quilombola Community of Mangueiras, in Salvaterra, Archipelago of Marajó, Northern Brazil. From the experience with four women and their narratives, I aim to understand how the space is inhabited, how they build their landscapes. I understand backyards as a microcosm, studying the relationships established in/with it involves issues related to a several aspects of social life such as family, politics, cure and shamanism, and reveals ways and perspectives of seeing and living the Marajoara world. In Mangueiras, as in most of the quilombola communities in Salvaterra who are still fighting for the recognition of their lands, women played a decisive role in the political and identity process. They also have a leading role in other areas, including care for backyards and home gardens, implying the sphere of interactions between non-humans and humans; the concerns about their children, the subtle relationships with the sacred and the themselves. This knowledge is passed on through a network of transmission and exchange, often inherited from the relationships of mothers, daughters and grandparents. In this case, secrets, tactics of resistance of a culture, of the women of a people are also at stake. They are knowledge and practices that resist and reinvent themselves in the face of domination processes from the colonial period to the most recent processes of internal and external colonialism. Backyards and women cultivate each other over time towards take care of themselves and their people, reflecting the dominant patriarchal model. But it has a fundamental political facet, which keep these cultures alive, pulsating today.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
OLHARES DA/NA CI(S)DADE: transexualidades/travestilidades, raça e práticas nos espaços citadinos de Belém – PA “em plena luz do dia”
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-03-19) GOMES, Gleidson Wirllen Bezerra; SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1972975269922101
This thesis aims to understand the relationship between the gender transitions of trans/travestis people and their practices in urban spaces (CERTEAU, 2014) in Belém “in broad daylight”. Thus, the ethnography proposed here was elaborated from references and reflections of Urban Anthropology, in dialogue with gender, sexualities and race studies. One of its bases was the biographical narratives (ROCHA; ECKERT, 2013a) of five interlocutors who, based on their life trajectories, allow them to reflect on the issues of gender, sexuality and race involved in their daily transits through the city. In addition to the semi-structured interviews focused on life trajectories, the narratives and reflections of trans/travestis people about Belém were also used, as well as direct observations with them, using the street ethnography technique (ROCHA; ECKERT, 2013b) to describe and interpret the situations that occurred in places in Belém such as streets, squares, sidewalks, and also in their displacements in the city within bus. The ethnographic data constructed in this way were organized into “scenes”, inspired by Perlongher (1984), in which it is possible to perceive the performances (TURNER, 2015; SCHECHNER, 2012) contained therein, gestures and facial expressions, evidencing the looks of strangers in the capital of Pará as one of the micro-gestures that make up the urban interactions (GOFFMAN, 2014) of trans/travestis people, when their bodies are sometimes rejected, sometimes desired, or observed with curiosity, demonstrating part of the complexity of the urban lifestyle in this amazon city. In these games of glances, territorialities (PERLONGHER, 1984; 2008) are also perceived in their symbolic-spatial demarcations in Belém, which helps us to think about the idea of a ci(s)ty, that is, a city that has in its foundations cisgenderism and whiteness, acting in the delimitations of the concrete spaces of the city and composing part of the social relations experienced therein.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Braz é (e) quem ‘a faz’: paisagens de poder, experiências e apropriações na avenida Braz de Aguiar, em Belém (PA), Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-03-31) OLIVEIRA, Enderson Geraldo de Souza; SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1972975269922101
In this research, I observe some subjects' experiences on Avenida Braz de Aguiar, in the neighborhood of Nazaré, which is considered destined for the middle bands of Belém do Pará, Amazon. Taking into account that landscapes are procedural constructions (SANSOT, 1983; SILVEIRA, 2004; ECKERT, 2009; ECKERT and ROCHA, 2013), I paid attention mainly to the establishment of “power landscapes” (ZUKIN, 1996), which are attractions and / or are consistent with the subjects' practices. Such powers, especially the economic one, are expressed by habitus (BOURDIEU, 1983), perceptible throughout Ethnography of Street (ECKERT and ROCHA, 2013) and Ethnography of Duration (ECKERT and ROCHA, 2013). At the street, services were and still are aimed for financially privileged layer of the city, with greater purchasing power and status, something fundamental in building and maintaining a certain “distinction” in the context of Belen. Braz, then, becomes a “socially hierarchical geographic space” (BOURDIEU, 2007), in which leisure (VEBLEN, 1965) seems to be more achievable, but not for everyone. Together, this points out to the establishment of specific processes of sociability and sociation (SIMMEL, 1983) in the urban world of Belen, in which it is also necessary to discuss the “aristocratic” way in which some individuals adhere/(re)create such contemporary urban physiognomy and how the avenue is referred to and represented on social media.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os trabalhadores da Ciência: a crise da ação coletiva dos docentes da UFPA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-05-05) FARIAS, Silvio Kanner Pereira; SCHMITZ, Heribert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2294519993210835
This work refers to collective action fild of studies, more especiclally about trade unionism organization. The empircal object is the Professors Association of the Federal University of Pará (ADUFPA). Intruce contributions of the Sociology os Organization and Social Movements in a Sociology of Work. Discuss the critical condition of the proferssors trade union in the frame of the degradation of higher education and the especifix working conditions. Through the empirical interviews and documental research has been verified a situation that can be called collective action crises. The theoretical answers from sociology of work to the trade unionism Brazil crises, despite of their important contribution to evaluate the macro conditions of work and trade unionism, do not allow an explain for this case. Because of what, does not ask about the organization and the specific form of work control. Concludes that it was constituted an specific mode of control of the professor´s work at the public Brazilian universities, the intellectual productivism, adapted to a degradation of conditions for scientific research. Like others, this mode has been affected the capacity of collective action by means of time reduction and the subjectification of the injunctions of the necessity of scientific production at any cost. The graduate is your local of reproduction that introduces a specific form of alienation. Proposes that the nature of the collective action crises, even though the contextual aspects, can be find at the trade unionism practice, market by absence of organized sustained interaction between leaders and the workers that would lead to a construction and reconstruction the conditions to mobilization.
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“Você vê aquele bichinho ali, não tem noção do trabalho que dá”: estudo da organização social e ambiente na pesca de curral em São Caetano de Odivelas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-02-16) PALHETA, Marllen Karine da Silva; CAÑETE, Voyner Ravena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9961199993740323; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-3086
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
‘Cria(da)s’, ‘Casadas’: “meninas”, “circulação” e “entrega” em Breves (Marajó)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-05-30) CASTRO, Avelina Oliveira de; GONÇALVES, Telma Amaral; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7335593537033167; MOTTA-MAUÉS, Maria Angelica; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7861116876230464
The presented thesis identifies and reads, anthropologically, narratives and livings of "circulation" and "deliver" of female adolescents, around sexuality, built in the day-to-day, in Breves town, in Marajó. Its an etnography that has been realized between the years of 2016 and 2020, in the refered town, using as methodology, the direct and participant observation. The research contemplated as main interlocutors 36 people being 26 women and 10 men, besides listening dynamics in conversation wheel another 26 adolescents – 15 girls and 11 boys – and another 18 children from public schools and also a number of residents with whom there has been coliving, observation and listening throughout the period of realization of the research in the field. Through theorical references from feminism and studies of coloniality it has been observed and analyzed inside the process of circulation, enlarged in this thesis, the movemente of deliver, not only of "crias de família" but also the deliver of teenage girls to the marital purposes. Both movements – and rituals – of delivery possibilitate visualizing relationships crossed by reflexes of Brazilian colonization, observed, in a type of "enslavery culture", but also by relationships of coloniality in all of its dimensions, such as genre, once these dynamics are, mainly, with girls, in a process that objetifies them, but in which also can be observed their actions in the sense of confrontation and resistence to the lived opressions.
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Trabalho e organização coletiva catadoras de caranguejos em uma reserva extrativista marinha no litoral do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-10-24) SILVA, Ana Patrícia Reis da; MANESCHY, Maria Cristina Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5129734199358770
This study aims to analyze the work and collective organization of women who process crabs, inside the Caeté-Taperaçu Marine Extractive Reserve, in Bragança municipality, coast of Pará State, Northern Brazil. It contri-butes to the debate on the centrality of the gender dimension within the socio-environmental development. According to the theoretical fra-mework, in this development approach, economy is embedded in society, the territorial rights of traditional peoples are guaranteed and gender equi-ty is a crucial feature, namely, the parity of participation of men and wo-men in social life. Following a qualitative methodology, observations and semi-structured interviews were carried out with 30 women in the communities of Treme, Taquandeua, Rio Grande and Vila Bonifácio, and in-depth interviews with local leaders, in order to: 1) understanding the history and the structure of crabs processing and its production chain, the women occupational trajectory, the sexual division and the conditions of labor and insertion in the market; 2) analyzing the recently created Network “Rede de Mulheres Caeteuaras”. This association wants to gene-rate income and to value the women processors as fish workers; it embra-ces ideals of gender equity and environmental conservation. The hypothe-sis of the study is that the organization of women in the Network, al-though recent, points to two directions of change: it fosters the visibility and appreciation of women's work in the fishing production chain and it enhances the socioenvironmental development of the RESEX territory. The research revealed different social forms of domestic crabs processing: the family units, the processors working for a boss and those who acquire the raw material from outside traders, process and sell. The women remain in a subordinate position, as they do not control the product, prices and demand for their work. In this scenario, the Women's Network intends to operate in an innovative way. The results show that the women participa-ting in the network become more aware of their professional status, through courses and trainings, but yet they haven’t been able to alter prevailing labor and commercialization practices. It is necessary to expand the web of partners and the social and material resources. Their projects, however, point to new market guidelines, partially confirming the research hypothesis. The community kitchen plans to associate better quality of their product, occupational health and facilities for young mothers caring for their children and reconciling work and care. The study ratifies the importance of women's organizations for sócio environmental development and they might gain the support of RESEX associations and relevant public authorities. Women crabs processsors live and participate in the Market facing structural blockages, where gender, class and cultural barriers intersect
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Noivado e ritos pré-nupciais: um estudo sobre significados, experiências e codificações de uma unidade cultural
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05-24) ALENCAR, Breno Rodrigo de Oliveira; RODRIGUES, Carmem Izabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5924616509771424
This thesis aims to identify the place of engagement and prenuptial rites in anthropo-logical theory. Based on the concept of cultural unity, it analyzes the way in which bridal beliefs and behaviors are formulated, stimulated or repressed having as an interface the decomposition of the codes that make this ritual the main expression of the alliance process in urban segments. Drawing attention to the literature review, the first part of the work emphasizes the plurality of interpretive cut-outs and the relevance of enga-gement as a category of analysis, whether within contemporary rituals or the interpre-tation of the alliance in kinship studies. This part of the thesis is also dedicated to iden-tifying the values, processes and symbols that regulate the choice of engagement as a type of relationship in the urban world, adopting, as a source of reflection, the contri-butions of Thales de Azevedo and the vocabulary that permeates their meanings in social networks, press and cinema. The second part of the thesis emphasizes the in-terlocution with the subjects, having the same occurred from interviews conducted as bride and groom in the city of Belém, Teresina and Brasília. Its purpose is to describe the process by which bridal codes are incorporated into the biography and socialization of the interlocutors, taking into account their role as agents and interpreters of this experience. The third part, finally, explores the mediation carried out by the market and the Catholic Church, which, acting as codifying institutions, discipline, respectively, the symbols around the nuptial ritualization and the values and meanings related to the conjugal identity. This approach is based on ethnographic research conducted at Bridal Fairs and Marriage Preparation Meetings ("engagement courses") in the cities of Be-lém and Teresina.