Dissertações em Ciências Ambientais (Mestrado) - PPGCA/IG

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2855

O Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências Ambientais teve início em 2005 e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais (PPGCA) do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) em parceria com o Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) e a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA/Amazônia Oriental).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acidentes com transportes hidroviários e os extremos meteorológicos no nordeste da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-30) SANTOS, Suanne Honorina Martins dos; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401
This study analyzed the accidents with waterway transport passengers and cargo in the period 2008 to 2013, as a result of extreme weather occurring in the northeast Amazon, often with serious consequences the structure of vessels and especially the loss of human life. Based on data from the Flagship of the Eastern Amazon Ports, referring to the investigation of accidents facts of navigation, can be characterized in that period these accidents occur more and the distribution of these accidents in time and space, through sub-areas called 1, 2 and 3, where they are ranked the most common accidents in Subarea 1 type shipwreck where the basin of Marajó is located with features of larger rivers, in Subarea 2 and 3 of collision type where the morphological characteristics of rivers are narrower as well, in addition to these results was obtained in relation to rainfall in the rainy season (December to May) as the most responsible for accidents occurring during this period that suffers strong influence of precipitation systems as the Intertropical Convergence Zone, Mesoscale Convective Systems, instability lines and vortex of Advanced Levels and the less rainy season (June to December) the wind is regarded as the main variable that causes accidents in the waterway mode, especially during the intensification of the northeast trade winds, which are a free atmosphere of instability, accidents tend to occur more frequently in the time from 12 to 24 hours. Thus, with the precipitation climatology with the National Institute of Meteorology data, one can show through the climatology of the precipitation field of study, decreased quantity of deeper into sub-areas of the continent. The wind in the less rainy period acts with greater intensity in Subarea 1, the highest number of victims focuses on children and adults, mostly with men. It also presented an approach based on the socioeconomic aspects inherent risks of naval vessels with steel hulls and wood, the latter being the reality of the Amazon, which ultimately victims the more people and have more easily collapse structure, thus being potential threat to safety of navigation of cargo and passengers taking into account socioeconomic characteristics, although the vessels with the highest number of accidents has been pushers ferries built in naval steel. In this sense, the primary aid weather forecasting may decrease the favorable conditions for the occurrence of accidents with waterways vessels, because the lack of atmospheric conditions by those who pilot vessels is notoriously poor, because this lack of knowledge the chances of accidents are high, influencing the socioeconomic aspects of passengers and owners of vessels navigating the rivers belonging to the Marajó Bay, Tocantins, Pará and Amazonas river, which were the waterways studied in this dissertation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alagamento e inundação urbana: modelo experimental de avaliação de risco
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-03-18) SANTOS, Flávio Augusto Altieri dos; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
This study aimed to develop an experimental model for assessing risk of flooding and flood to Bethlehem, based on the model of digital terrain elevation, the runoff hydrograph and the peak flow of the main drainage channel of the river basin. We used GIS tools to systematize the vector data on the units occupied by buildings, roads and the axis of altimetric quotas to generate a digital terrain model. The development of the system was customized by programming language, aiming to facilitate and simplify the operation of the processing routines of the equations defined for the implementation of the hydrological model. The hydrologic model basin was subdivided into cells of 25m², and each one was given his share of high and calculated their runoff based on the percentage of impermebialização of each. The peak discharge channel was obtained on field trips at two different situations: during rainfall events of high intensity and one without the influence of rain. For these two conditions, it was also evaluated the influence of the tide of the Guamá River on the main channel of the basin. The consistency of the model was found from the sensitivity test performed for each variable used and validated based on data from some rainfall events that was checked by journalistic and photographic records obtained in the field. The results indicate that the applied hydrologic model, and the developed system are efficient and effective to be applied as a tool for risk assessment of flooding and flood.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da qualidade da água do rio Guamá e suas interfaces climáticas e socioambientais em São Miguel do Guamá, nordeste paraense.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-25) MARINHO, Eduardo Ribeiro; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
This work aims to understand the relation of water quality in a section of theGuamáriver, with the climatic, anthropic and social aspects in the municipality of. Thus, six collections were made at three distinct points located on the border between the municipalities of São Miguel do Guamá and Irituia; Point A (River bottom), Point B (River center) and Point C (River bottom), for two months in 2015 (Feb / Jul), in 2016 (Jan / Jun) and 2017 (Feb / Jul). These points represent the existence of human activities on the banks of the river; the red ceramic industry; domestic sewage and logging. For this, the physical chemical indicators of water quality were analyzed; pH, dissolved oxygen (mg / L), electrical conductivity (μS / cm -1), total dissolved solids (mg / L), water temperature (ºC) and turbidity (NTU). In addition to the monthly and daily atmospheric data of the Southern Oscillation Index and the CMORPH precipitation, respectively.For the calculation of the flow of the Guamá river (m³ / s) the method of regionalization of minimum flows in basins through interpolation in geographic information system. The socio-environmental indicators of HDI-M, coverage by water supply system (%), coverage by sewage system (%), diarrhea morbidity and gastroenteritis (number of hospitalizations) and surface water availability were used for the social analysis. m³ / s) in the period from 1991 to 2010. For analysis of the data, we applied the multivariate statistical analysis - Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the linear regression method, by obtaining Pearson 's linear correlation coefficient (r). The main results are: strong positive and negative correlations between precipitation, flow and water quality indicators during the extreme climatic El Niño 2015-2016. In the study of the social aspect, there were strong correlations between the data of HDI-M with the water supply system (%), sewage network (%), surface water availability (m³ / s). In general, the research sought to make an analysis of the water quality of the Guamáriver based on the interdisciplinary aspect, showing the pioneering study for the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da variabilidade espaço-temporal da precipitação e focos de calor em vegetação na ilha Hispaniola.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-08-07) PRÉVOIR, Ermano; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-0984
Insular or island countries located in Central America and the Caribbean are vulnerable to variability and climate change. This work presents a contribution to climatological studies, particularly of the Hispaniola Antilles of the Caribbean Sea, formed by the countries of the Republic of Haiti and the Dominican Republic, covering an area of 78 thousand km². Based on the analysis of precipitation from the CHIRPS base with high spatial resolution, a bimodal climate pattern was found in Haiti and the Dominican Republic with the first rainfall peak occurring in May and the second in September/October. The dry regime occurs from January to March. The spatial patterns of the climatological maps and the correlation analysis indicated that the seasonal precipitation regimes of the Antilles are directly influenced by the configuration of the SST and the trade winds in the Caribbean Sea over the Atlantic Ocean, with the main maximum of the second semester being explained by the presence warmer TSM (above 29C) and by the cloudiness band associated with ITCZ during its most boreal position. The quantitative assessment of the correlations (simultaneous and lagged) between rainfall data and vegetation indexes and vegetation fires, as well as the integrated analysis of the mapping of these variables over the Hispaniola territory, allowed to establish consistent relationships in the dynamics of climate, vegetation and fires. Dominican Republic has much higher numbers of fires when compared to those in Haiti, with the highest frequency of events taking place from January to April, when the dry regime over the Antilles prevails. Conversely, during peak rainfall in the second half of the year, fires are minimal and are concentrated in the months from August to December. As for the vegetation indices, there is a certain direct relationship with the climatic regime, so that the higher NDVI are observed into regions containing maximum precipitation and vice versa.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de alguns parâmetros de qualidade da água na baía do Guajará em Belém-PA e os efeitos do regime pluviométrico e de marés
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-27) ARAÚJO, Vívian Evelyne Silva; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
Belém is located in the estuarine region, conformed by the Guajarino Estuary, which integrates the Marajoara Gulf, whose fluvial environment is formed at the confluence of the rivers Pará, Tocantins, Acará and Guamá (IPEA, 2016). The water level of the Guajarino Estuary presents fluctuations associated with the seasonal effect (seasonal variations of the rain in the hydrological basins) and the tide (variations of the tide level). The elaboration of this study is due to the fact that the seasonal variations seem to be associated to the environmental changes, that occur in the ecosystem, such as the effect of hydrological seasonality - tides and rainfall. The present study will analyze the physico-chemical components of the Guajará Bay water, relating them to the tides and the hydrological dynamics of the Guamá and Pará rivers, also in this research will be made the analysis of the role of precipitation in the alteration of the water bay physicochemical components. Initially, a descriptive statistic was made, verifying the values of the averages, of the maximum and minimum, facilitating to observe which are in agreement with the current resolution of CONAMA 357/2005. It was also applied the statistical method of Pearson correlation to evaluate the degree of relationship between variables, the correlation was first studied between physico-chemical parameters, thus, it was observed that the parameters that have a strong positive correlation were the electrical conductivity, TDS and salinitiy. The other parameters did not presented significative correlation, demonstrating that they were independent of each other. When applying the correlation between the physical-chemical parameters and the rainfall, no positive or negative correlation was found between these variables, meaning that the role of the rainfall city of Belém, was not mostly important in the variation of the physico-chemical components of the bay and this was also the case for the relationship between the parameters and the tide heights. The behavior graphs of the physical-chemical parameters, in relation to rainfall, showed that among the nine parameters analyzed, six parameters were altered, such as: pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, TDS, salinity, OD and Turbidity. These parameters have changed due to precipitation. The results of the parameters regardind the tides were observed among the nine parameters studied, decreasing the temperature, and increasing the values of electrical conductivity, TDS, salinity and turbidity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do impacto das mudanças climáticas nas unidades de conservação dos manguezais amazônicos na Costa Atlântica Brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-28) SOUSA, Marina Costa de; ANJOS, Luciano Jorge Serejo dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0244738999001686; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3270-6679; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2809-5318
The Amazonian mangroves are subject to various climate impacts, demanding conservation and adaptation actions. The objectives of this study are to assess the vulnerability of the Amazonian mangrove Protected Areas (PAs) to climate change, provide climate prediction data for the region, and analyze if the PAs are effectively fulfilling their role in protecting these ecosystems. To achieve these objectives, data from MapBiomas were used to delimit the mangrove area, data from the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) were used to identify the PAs within the mangroves, data from WorldClim were used to obtain information on mean annual temperature (BIO1) and accumulated precipitation (BIO12), and Above Ground Biomass (AGB) data were used. The processing was carried out using ArcGIS, QGIS, and RStudio software. The results revealed a trend of increasing temperature over time, while accumulated precipitation showed a decreasing trend across different scenarios and periods. These patterns indicate that protected mangroves may face a continuous increase in temperature and a reduction in precipitation by the end of the century. The higher temperature contributes to increased energy availability, playing a fundamental role in regulating evapotranspiration in mangrove forests. On the other hand, reduced precipitation has a negative impact on salinity, productivity, growth, and species diversity in mangroves. The study also assessed the PAs that protect mangrove forests in the Amazon region, along with Above Ground Biomass (AGB) representing the amount of carbon stored in trees. The results showed that 80.2% of the mangroves are included within PAs, with higher protection in the state of Maranhão, followed by Amapá and Pará. However, there was variation in AGB among the evaluated states, with an increase in Amapá and Pará and a decrease in Maranhão. It is crucial to implement more effective management and conservation measures to address the challenges posed by climate change in these coastal ecosystems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do regime hidrológico e da disponibilidade hídrica da Bacia do Rio Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-25) AGUIAR, Rogério de Souza; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
The Amazon lives year after year the dynamics of Floods and lowing in its rivers. However, significant variability of river discharges in the face of historical series of climate data has become more persistent over the years. This study aims to analyze the influence of the temporal variability in the basin scale on the Amazon river regime, based on the flows observed in the hydrological station of the Agência Nacional de Águas - ANA, located in Óbidos, State of Pará, in a historical series of January / 1970 to December / 2013. Besides the time, the study analyzed the intensity of oceanic mechanisms on the Brazilian Amazon basin in each year of the series. As expected, time influenced the annual interannual flow rate of 98.723 m3/s for the 44 years of the analyzed series. However, the average flow rate of the Amazon River was around 134.000 m3/s, with a peak flow rate of 105.000 m3/s (as occurred in November) in the hydrological regime of effluent up to an order of 239.000 m3/s (as in June) in the flood regime. It was also identified that El Niño and La Niña phenomena modulated extreme climatic events causing negative and positive SST anomalies differentiated over the Amazon basin, between 1970 and 2013, with a significant relation in the effluent and flood flows. The interannual analysis showed that the years of low registered flows, had the characteristic of persistence of occurrence in relation to the registered high flows. At the end of the analyzed period, from 1989, there was a seasonal increase in relation to the average amplitude of the flow of 87.727 m3/s due to the strong minimum levels recorded. When analyzing the normalized flow, it was observed the persistence of low flow in the current year of the El Niño phenomenon and also of the following year. After verifying this below-average persistence of flow in the series studied, the research sought to investigate the storage and availability factors of the Amazon River. In determining the water availability of the Amazon River, the Percentis method (specifically the quantum order Q95%) was used. The analyzes of the available flows obtained by the 95% quantile show that the years of the El Niño phenomenon did not reflect the decrease in the flow of the Amazon River in all years of the series, since there were years of occurrence that did not present critical indices of water availability. It was concluded that the flow behavior in the Amazon basin was influenced by positive and negative SST anomalies modulated by the intensity of El Niño and La Niña, and there was not sufficient water availability for the maintenance of the ecosystems of the Amazon basin. Thus the study showed that naturally the annual flows of the Amazon River do not reach, in their totality, the minimum value determined for the historical series by the law. In addition to that the hydrological variabilities in the Amazon are not caused only by the phenomena of El Niño or La Niña.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise socioambiental do município de Belém, Pará: elementos para uma sustentabilidade urbana
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-01-17) MOREIRA, Fernanda da Silva de Andrade; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401
In recent centuries, the world witnessed "economic progress" at the expense of the exploitation of natural resources and significant urban growth, almost always disorderly, forming unprepared cities that can not manage properly and thus welcome the huge human contingent and absorb the social demands, making their populations vulnerable. In the city of Belém, which is one of the great cities of the Amazon, with more than one million inhabitants, the population is subject to a series of ills. The territory is permeated by a series of problems, be it social, economic and / or environmental, which prevents the city from reconciling the human-nature relationship and reaching the long-awaited sustainability. Thus, the present work aimed to map the social and environmental conditions of the city of Belém, on a macro scale, and a comparative analysis of two neighborhoods of the urban spot, Guamá and Nazaré, and based on this diagnosis, indicate Urban Planning methodology, which make that relationship compatible. The results pointed to precarious environmental and social conditions in the city of Belém, especially in the urban spot, which presents an urban space marked by degradation. These inadequate conditions can and should be addressed through Public Policies that incorporate environmental issues into their agendas, including the participation of society in decision making. Going further, it is necessary to guarantee apparatuses for an effective inspection of public organs, as well as of all citizens.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da ação da precipitação nas erosões na área urbana do município de Rondon do Pará-PA, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-24) ROSA, Amanda Gama; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884
The events of natural disasters have received much attention in recent years due to their magnitude and intensity, as well as the effect they have had on the population. The urban population is one of the most affected, especially the one that occupies inappropriate areas within the cities, like slopes, floodplain areas, areas without adequate drainage, among others. One of the most recurrent events in urban areas and that are in evidence in the State of Pará are the erosive processes. And it is in the Pará context, more specifically in the urban territory of the city of Rondon do Pará (mesoregion southeast Paraense), that this work was developed, in order to generate information about these events for the public power and for the resident population, that has been suffering with the consequence of these disasters. For this, initially, the behavior of the rain and its effects on the erosions in the region was evaluated, through the analysis of the Provisional Normal generated for the place, based on data from the CMORPH satellites, the Hydrological Balance and the analysis of a study of case of events registered in the city. Subsequently, through the calculation and analysis of rain erosivity (R) from 1999 to 2015 and with projections for 2035, its return period and probability of occurrence, it was searched to identify which period of the year and in which years the loss due to erosion is most likely. Based on the analysis of the distribution and behavior of rainfall in the region, it was observed, through provisional normal, that the hydrological year starts in October with the rainy season and ends in September with the aim of drought, being the month of March the wettest and August the less rainy. The hydrological balance showed surplus water in the months from January to April and water deficiency from June to November, with replacement from December with the return of the rains. The cases of erosion presented annual distribution similar to the distribution of precipitation, indicating its great influence on them. Individual analysis of cases showed that erosion may be due as much precipitation occurred on the day of the event as accumulated in the five days prior to the event, the latter being the most common case. Regarding the analysis of erosivity, it was observed that, based on the analyzes from 1999 to 2015, the value of the R factor was 16,390 MJ mm ha-1h-1year-1, with a probability of 47% being equaled or exceeded at least one once every 2.1 years. In the period from 2016 to 2035, the R value was 13,038 MJ mm ha-1h-1year-1. Between February to April and January to April, the largest soil losses are likely for 1999-2015 and 2016-2035, respectively. From the analyzes carried out in this work, it was possible to indicate which periods of the year in which more quantity and intensity of erosive events are expected.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da influência da precipitação pluviométrica no mapeamento das características da paisagem do sítio arqueológico AP-MA-05/Amapá e sua importância social e histórica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-22) ALBUQUERQUE, Jéssica Lisboa de; QUEIROZ, Joaquim Carlos Barbosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4383935463464893
This study evaluated the influence of rainfall in mapping landscape features of the archaeological site AP-MA-05 and the contribution of its social importance and historical. To obtain the data was used geophysical method of electrical resistivity in an area of UNIFAP (Federal University of Amapá) of 10 x 20 meters. The rainfall data were collected in INMET station Macapá. Data analysis was performed with use of statistical and geostatistical methods. In rainy season, the soil resistivity presented a minimum of 198.7 ohm.m and maximum values of up to 3946 ohm.m, averaging 1188.87 ohm.m. In the less rainy season observed values were 394 ohm.m (minimum) and 5863 ohm.m (maximum), averaging 2078.31 ohm.m. This shows the influence of rainfall on the apparent resistivity, since the more intense were the rains that occurred at the time of obtaining data, minors were the values of electrical resistivity. A survey on the social perception of the UNIFAP students and interviews with teachers responsible for the site in question, it was found that the level of awareness of students varies according to the course of affinity degree in archeology.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação monetária dos prejuízos causados por chuvas intensas nas cidades de Belém do Pará, Brasil e Carrillo de Guanacaste, Costa Rica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-12-22) ROSALES MENDOZA, Ronaldo; MOTA, Maria Aurora Santos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5817549281617240
The direct material losses of the residents of the cities of Belém do Pará, Brazil and Carrillo de Guanacaste, Costa Rica in the period 2000-2016 it´s evaluated due to extreme rainfall. Using the method of abduction and using dates of INMET, INM, IBGE, INEC, the natural, social and economic condition of the residents of the affected areas was identified, which served as the basis for the calculation. Constructed the water footprint index (Ipa) and the Environmental Average Material Monetary Assessment (AMA) the equation estimate loss after knowing the precipitation data of the event day. The monetary evaluation of the extreme event happened in the city of Belém on January 4, 2017, the INMET reported rainfall was 94.6 mm, and estimated water footprint reached 0.90 meters high, the loss estimated for the city was 122,106,834 Reference Monetary Units (UMR). In the city of Carrillo was evaluated the event of October 5, 2017, the rainfall reported by INM was 148.6 mm, the water footprint was 2.1 meters high, the estimated loss for neighborhood residents Bamboo is 3,094,579 UMR. Then, the index as the applied equation show effective for the calculation of the direct material monetary damages in the area reached after an extreme precipitation event. Limiting the calculation of the loss suffered by the population in vulnerable condition and without evaluating other related factors such as permanence, force and speed of water; the value of intangibles (interruption of services, illnesses) in both the affected area and the impact areas. In spite of this, the result is used to make preventive, corrective, and operative actions in a city.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Benefícios ambientais e econômicos de sistemas agroflorestais de Tomé-Açu, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-22) SUZUKI, Patrícia Mie; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0719395243841543; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2364-8822
The global demand for food and the advance of climate change generate pressure for sustainable production systems that generate multiple benefits. Agroforestry systems (AFS) are productive models with the potential to meet the demands of society and the environment. In this sense, this research aimed to evaluate agroforestry systems' contribution to climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, and income generation in the municipality of Tomé-Açu, Pará. Twelve areas of multi-stratified AFS were selected and a 30 x 30-meter plot was installed in each system. An agroforestry inventory and an interview with the producer about the socioeconomic profile and environmental perception of the AFSs were carried out. The data were used to evaluate the influence of plant richness and other variables on the benefits of "Mitigation of climate change", "Biodiversity conservation" and "Income generation", through the indicators aboveground biomass carbon stock, Shannon index (H') and gross income, respectively. For this, we used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to select the variables and linear regression to create the models. All data from the agroforestry inventory and the statistical analyses were performed in the R 4.2.2 computing environment. In general, 83% of the farmers reported being satisfied or very satisfied with the economic return on the AFSs, in addition to citing several environmental services. Richness (S) per system ranged from 3 to 11 species and Shannon diversity index (H') between 0.55 and 1.77. The average carbon stock of the aboveground biomass in the studied AFSs was 45.2 Mg ha-1, with a variation between 27.4 and 63.0 Mg ha-1. The values of carbon stock in the cocoa, cupuaçu, açaí, dendê, and other components were statistically similar, but differed significantly from the carbon stock found in the forest component (gl=2; χ2=71.7; p=1.834e-13). The average value of annual gross income from the sale of these producers was R$13,758, 53/ha and ranged between R$1,687.50 and R$26,250/ha. In the systems with oil palm (AFSs A1, A2 and A3), the palm tree considerably increased the gross income of the AFSs, contributing 58, 48 and 78% of the total income, respectively, despite the low density of individuals, with an average of 69 ind ha-1, in the areas, in comparison with the other main species. In this study, it was not possible to confirm the influence of plant richness on the generation of climate benefits, biodiversity conservation, and income generation. However, other variables influenced the benefits of the analyzed AFSs. "SAF type", "oil palm density" and "shade species density" performed best on carbon stock, Shannon diversity index and gross income, respectively. As for the benefit scores, in general, most of the AFSs showed unevenly distributed scores for each benefit. Therefore, we conclude that plant richness was not the variable that influenced the benefits evaluated, but rather a set of variables analyzed, ratifying the complexity of Tomé-Açu's AFSs. In general, the AFSs of Tomé-Açu meet the expectations of producers in terms of economic return, besides generating benefits related to climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation. In particular, the AFSs with the oil palm component showed better performance in the scores of benefits generation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Características da estabilidade estática e dinâmica da atmosfera em cultivo de palma de óleo no Leste da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09-30) CIRINO, Luciana dos Santos; ARAÚJO, Alessandro Carioca de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6188087583954899; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7361-5087
Considering the constant land use changes in the Amazon region, which determine the microclimate variability, the oil palm cultivation plays important roles in the environmental context and its interactions with the atmosphere. In this sense, this work aims to investigate the behavior of the atmospheric layer over an oil palm intercrop with interspecific hybrids (HIE) (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. x Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés) in eastern Amazonia. The study was conducted in the company Marborges Agroindústria S.A., located in Moju, Pará. The age of the plantation was 8 years (in 2014), and the average height of the top of the canopy was approximately 8 m. The data used in this work were obtained by a micrometeorological tower, and comprise the period from January to December 2014. During the daytime period, the highest potential temperatures (θ) were observed at the heights of 2.25 m and 6.75 m above the ground, indicative of static instability. Unlike the night period, where the values of θ were higher above the top of the canopy, indicative of static stability. The less rainy period presented higher wind speeds, with a difference of 1 m/s in relation to the rainy period of the region. Through air temperature and wind speed data the static and dynamic weather conditions over the crop were investigated. Atmospheric conditions of neutrality and stability predominated in both periods (-0.25 < Ri > 0.25).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diagnóstico geoambiental da sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Apeú, Nordeste paraense.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-04-27) SILVA, Emerson Renato Maciel da; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
The present study aimed to assess the environmental status and water quality of the Apeú River in relation to the types of land use and occupation, seasonal variation in rainfall and the degree of environmental vulnerability in the hydrographic sub-basin of the Apeú River. Thus, in order to achieve the objective, the performance analysis of the CHIRPS product precipitation estimate for the Apeú sub-basin was carried out, as well as the determination of the environmental diagnosis of the hydrographic sub-basin through geoenvironmental and climatic factors, as well as the spatial characterization. and temporal water quality of the Apeú River and the comparison of the results of the physical-chemical analyzes according to the quality standards established in specific legislation. In view of this, the performance of the precipitation data estimated by the product CHIRPS was evaluated for the sub-basin in relation to the observational data from the INMET and ANA meteorological stations. To validate the data estimated by CHIRPS, the Correlation Coefficient (r), Average Percent Error (PBIAS), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and the Agreement Index (d) were calculated. After validation, maps were built to show the spatialization of precipitation estimated by CHIRPS by interpolating the grid points belonging to the sub-basin. In general, product data tended to overestimate the rainfall measured in the region of interest, especially in the rainy season, although there is a better adjustment to that observed in the less rainy period. In addition, soil use and occupation, morphometry, precipitation and environmental vulnerability were analyzed, through geotechnologies. Through morphometry, it was observed that the SBHRA has a rectangular and elongated shape, giving the sub-basin low susceptibility to the occurrence of floods. While the result of use and occupation showed that 55.25% of the SBHRA is composed of dense and secondary vegetation, followed by 27.04% represented by pasture and crops and 16.93% of exposed soil. The integrated analysis of the geoenvironmental variables analyzed, allowed the elaboration of the SBHRA environmental vulnerability map. Allowing to observe that, the SBHRA has higher degrees of low and very low vulnerabilities (65.27%). However, it is clear through the cartographic representation of the vulnerability, an accentuated distribution of the fragments of medium vulnerability (22.47%), mainly correlated to the classes of undergrowth, distributed almost always close to the vegetation areas, followed by the distribution of the high vulnerability (11.26%), correlated with the anthropic areas. As for the surface water quality of the Apeú River, the physical-chemical parameters pH, dissolved oxygen (OD), electrical conductivity (EC), water temperature (Temp), turbidity (Turb), alkalinity (ALC), chloride (Cl-) and total hardness (DT), in a seasonal period of four campaigns (rainy and less rainy) and the special and temporal quality of the river waters was evaluated, with the aid of descriptive and multivariate statistics at 8 sample points.. According to the results obtained through physical-chemical analysis, as well as the application of descriptive and multivariate statistics, it was possible to observe that in relation to the standards established by CONAMA Resolution 357/2005, the parameters are within the reference values. Through the results, derived from the scientific products produced, it was found that the sub-basin of the Apeú River presents changes in land use and occupation, mainly reflected in the quality of surface water, with alterations caused by pastures in the spring areas, urbanization in the basin area, demonstrating the non-compliance with environmental policies as proposed by Federal Law No. 12,651 / 2012 (Brazilian Forest Code), as well as the presence of areas with medium and high vulnerability advancing towards the forest remnants, mainly in northern region of the sub-basin where the spring points are located, which are on the banks of the Apeú River, configuring a situation of environmental degradation of natural resources at the limits of the hydrographic sub-basin of the Apeú River.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribuição e variabilidade de nutrientes em bacias hidrográficas da Amazônia: uma análise bibliométrica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-19) COELHO, Rosana; MARTINELLI FILHO, José Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080628833884538; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8445-1332
The excessive presence of nutrients in water triggers a process known as eutrophication, which can affect its quality and lead to ecological imbalance, generating significant environmental impacts. Human activities such as agriculture, livestock farming, mining, and urbanization may be related to the increase of nutrients in the Amazon rivers. Despite the severity of this issue, studies on the increase of nutrients in the Amazon basin are still scarce in the scientific and academic community. The objective of this work was to explore databases like Scopus and Web of Science to synthesize information on nutrient concentrations (N and P) in the Amazon basin. After searching databases using selected keywords and following the three phases of article selection, 40 relevant articles were chosen for the bibliometric review of literature on the topic. The reviewed literature presented results on nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, and phosphate, with nitrate being the most frequently analyzed nutrient in 33 published works, followed by phosphate in 28 studies, ammonium in 26, and nitrite in nine. The study revealed higher average concentrations for nitrate, at 20.28 mg/l, and for phosphate, at 8.03 mg/l, indicating potential areas of interest for future eutrophication research. The mainstem of the Amazon River was the most studied area, appearing in 11 published articles, followed by the Negro, Solimões, and Orinoco rivers, each with seven studies. Data scarcity was identified in areas of the Tapajós, JiParaná, Trombetas, Araguaia, Madre de Dios, Tocantins, Madeira, and Xingu rivers, indicating a lack of information on nutrient concentrations in the sample coverage of collected data. This study provides an important review of nutrient concentrations in the Amazon rivers, emphasizing the need for further research to understand nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, especially in the main sub-basins of the Amazon (Xingu, Madeira, Tapajós, and Tocantins, Purus), located in deforestation arc areas experiencing greater anthropogenic pressure with few or no studies presented. Understanding these nutrient patterns is essential to protect aquatic ecosystems and promote human health in the Amazon, aiming to guide conservation policies and sustainable management of water resources in the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os efeitos das mudanças climáticas e do uso da terra no cultivo de cacau no bioma amazônico brasileiro.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-26) IGAWA, Tassio Koiti; ANJOS, Luciano Jorge Serejo dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0244738999001686; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3270-6679; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986
“Climate change” has become an increasingly recurrent theme in intergovernmental meetings, as it suggests the establishment of a new normal, with the potential to challenge plant species and their ability to survive under conditions not analogous to current ones. Agriculture is one of the sectors of human activity most vulnerable to climate change, with some studies indicating that climate change could cause a reduction in world agricultural production. Thus, it is necessary to prepare interdisciplinary works in order to measure the possible effects caused by climate change to this productive sector. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the impacts of climate change and land use on cocoa cultivation in the Brazilian Amazon biome in 2050. In general, the results indicated that there will be a clear loss of suitability for the occurrence of cocoa in the scenarios and with that, there may be an increase in areas not recommended for cocoa cultivation. The areas of high and medium potential for cocoa production will be located, mainly, in the state of Rondônia and in the northeast of the state of Pará in both scenarios analyzed (RCP4.5 and 8.5). In addition, it was possible to identify probable significant losses in production of 92.92 and 95.28% in scenarios RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. This could affect about 20,550 establishments, that is, thousands of rural producers. Therefore, it was concluded that climate change will have a negative impact on cocoa production in the Brazilian Amazon biome.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Emissões de gases de efeito estufa de um aterro na Amazônia: simulação das emissões de metano no aterro do Aurá - Região Metropolitana de Belém, PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-08-31) SILVA, Renato de Sousa; IMBIRIBA, Breno Cesar de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7979656297541988
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estimativa da evapotranspiração em uma área de plantio de mangueira no Nordeste do Pará: uma abordagem integrada com os Métodos de Bowen e modelo METRIC-EEFLUX
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-22) MOREIRA, Antônio Carlos Novaes; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2809-5318
The research presents a comparative evaluation of the water consumption of mango in the Northeast region of Pará, highlighting the importance of evapotranspiration estimation for the study of the hydrological cycle and sustainability of agricultural. The use of traditional methods, such as the Bowen Ratio Method, and remote sensing techniques, specifically the METRICEEFLUX model, are explored to estimate the crop’s Evapotranspiration. This revealed an influence of the Tommy Atkins mango orchard on the water dynamics in Cuiarana, Pará. The ETr varied notably between the crops, with an average daily consumption of 4.59 mm and 4.84 mm, respectively, for Crops 1 and 2. The study offers an in-depth understanding of the local hydrological cycle, with the orchard contributing about 185,958 m³ to the cycle. The analysis of ETr through METRIC-EEFLUX revealed notable spatial and temporal variability, with some discrepancies in relation to the Bowen method. Despite a strong positive correlation, METRICEEFLUX tended to overestimate ETr. The performance of the METRIC-EEFLUX model was classified as “poor”, highlighting the need for continuous improvement and specific calibration for the Amazon region. The study emphasizes the need for continuous research to improve the accuracy of water estimates, providing valuable insights for the effective management of water resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estimativa da evapotranspiração em uma área de plantio de mangueira no nordeste do Pará: uma abordagem integrada com os métodos de Bowen e modelo METRIC-EEFLUX.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-22) MOREIRA, Antonio Carlos Novaes; SOUSA, Adriano Marlison Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2809-5318
The research presents a comparative evaluation of the water consumption of mango in the Northeast region of Pará, highlighting the importance of evapotranspiration estimation for the study of the hydrological cycle and sustainability of agricultural. The use of traditional methods, such as the Bowen Ratio Method, and remote sensing techniques, specifically the METRIC EEFLUX model, are explored to estimate the crop’s Evapotranspiration. This revealed an influence of the Tommy Atkins mango orchard on the water dynamics in Cuiarana, Pará. The ETr varied notably between the crops, with an average daily consumption of 4.59 mm and 4.84 mm, respectively, for Crops 1 and 2. The study offers an in-depth understanding of the local hydrological cycle, with the orchard contributing about 185,958 m³ to the cycle. The analysis of ETr through METRIC-EEFLUX revealed notable spatial and temporal variability, with some discrepancies in relation to the Bowen method. Despite a strong positive correlation, METRIC EEFLUX tended to overestimate ETr. The performance of the METRIC-EEFLUX model was classified as “poor”, highlighting the need for continuous improvement and specific calibration for the Amazon region. The study emphasizes the need for continuous research to improve the accuracy of water estimates, providing valuable insights for the effective management of water resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estimativas de biomassa e carbono em áreas de vegetação secundária no território paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-06-29) OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, Luis Augusto Lima; KELLER, Michael Maier; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1869582564376606; ADAMI, Marcos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7484071887086439; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-4477
Land use dynamics is a very intense process in the Amazon landscape because forest areas are constantly targets of deforestation, often illegal, which compromises the environmental balance of this ecosystem. In this context, a widespread element in the region's landscape is secondary vegetation (SV). The SV appears after a disturbance and can evolve and reach the characteristics close to a primary forest. This work aims to generate above-ground biomass and carbon estimates for the SV areas in the State of Pará for 2014. The methodology uses the variable GSDY (Growing-Season Degree-Years), calculated by SV age (TerraClass), temperature, and precipitation. The variable GSDY is part of a model proposed by Johnson et al. (2000) and Zarin et al. (2001), which generates above-ground biomass and carbon estimates. VS was classified into five classes according to its age. More than 6.9 million hectares of VS were mapped in the State of Para, representing more than two billion tons (t) of biomass (one million t of carbon) contained in VS. More than 2.8 million hectares of VS were vulnerable in 2014 because of SEMAS – PA Normative Instruction that enables cleaning these areas five years old or less (except those protected by law), with no environmental authorization needed. The SV loss could represent a considerable carbon emission to the atmosphere and massive damage to this region's balance.