Dissertações em Gestão de Riscos e Desastres Naturais na Amazônia (Mestrado) - PPGGRD/IG

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/9944

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Agora exibindo 1 - 10 de 10

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Erosões urbanas para percepção de risco: o caso das voçorocas na cidade de Açailândia-MA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-28) MIRANDA, Antonio Carlos da Silva; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The forms of land use and occupation without proper planning tend to generate several problems in the process of expansion of the cities, among them, mention is made of the emergence and acceleration of erosive processes, especially in places with natural vulnerability. This study aimed to characterize the urban erosions for the perception of the risks in the gullies in Açailândia-MA. The methodology used qualitative and quantitative analyzes to understand the origin of the urban erosion process (natural and / or anthropic); the evolution of these processes, by altering the natural landscape; the erosive effects resulting from natural phenomena, controlling factors and anthropic actions; the characterization of erosive features in the gully areas; and its classification as a disaster according to the Brazilian Code of Disasters - COBRADE. For the development of the methodology, two gullies were chosen, located in areas with distinct characteristics, one being located in the Barra Azul neighborhood, a transition zone from rural to urban (peri-urban) and the other in an urbanized area in the Açailândia-MA Center. According to the results found in the research it was possible to conclude that this voçoroca disaster is classified by the Brazilian Classification and Codification of Disaster - COBRADE in 1.1.4.3.3. When analyzing the origin, shape and size of the two gullies, historical data were considered for 12 years, relating the advance to each end of the rainy season. The origin of the craters is related to the interactions of the anthropic and natural factors. On the other hand, the shapes of the craters are different: the barrel of the Barra Azul neighborhood is branched and the one of the neighborhood of Centro has irregular shape, and the two gullies present their sizes classified as very large. The eroded volumes are above 40,000 m³. As a final product, a model of an Emergency or Contingency Plan for Geological Disaster Occurrences - PLANECON was prepared for the city of Açailândia (MA). The development of this allows during the crisis to develop the operationalization, the procedures and actions that should be taken, adapting them to objective planning, the hierarchy of response actions in the planning of decisions, the actual situation of the disaster during the occurrence, the use of Erosive Disaster Risk Management actions in the use of non-structural and structural measures by the responsible bodies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estratégias prevencionistas à doenças causadas em locais de riscos em período chuvoso em Limoeiro do Ajuru – Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-01-15) OLIVEIRA, Jackline Leite de; SILVA, Maria de Fátima Vilhena da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0996110060293347
The natural disasters can cause public calamity on the grounds of the flooding areas associated with rainfall indexes, which cause diseases and health problems in a certain population in the city of Limoeiro do Ajuru. The objective of this research is to contribute to the risk management and minimization of diseases prevailing during the rainy season in the city of Limoeiro do Ajuru. The research used the methodology of quantitative and qualitative analysis, rainfall data from 2007 to 2017 of the station Joana Coeli, on the website of the Agência Nacional de Águas (National Water Agency), clinical data of the Municipal Hospital of Limoeiro do Ajuru, data from the Sistema Estadual de Saúde Pública (State Public Health System), in addition to the semistructured interviews that helped to outline the social, economic and acculturation profile of the target public, these data were tabulated in a spreadsheet. The results obtained in the ten years, 2007 to 2017, revealed the pluviometric behavior associated to the prevalence diseases indexes: acute diarrhea and acute respiratory infections, which correlate the research areas with flood spots in the streets: Nova 4, Juscelino Kubitschek, and Umarizal, these being selected by the addresses of the demands affected with the diseases that were attended in the Urgency and Emergency of the city. The research had the following conclusions: It was found a correlation between rainfall indices between acute diarrheal diseases and acute respiratory infections, and floods and the sociodemographic profile of the target population, revealing the need for education and health investments, as well as sanitation in the areas. To partially comprehend this issue, the need to create a booklet that points out preventive measures and that can minimize prevailing diseases emerged in this research. The release of the booklet will be the responsibility of the Conselho Municipal de Saúde (Municipal Health Council) to other social sectors and populations subject to the problem of flooding in the city Limoeiro do Ajuru.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fundo público: o FUNPDEC no estado do Pará, como ferramenta de transformação da gestão de riscos e desastres – GRD em política pública
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-08) SILVA, William Rogério Souza da; RIVERO, Sérgio Luiz de Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6692406360344209
The proposal of this research is to suggest that the State Fund for Protection and Civil Defense – SFUNDPCDE, if created, ensure the implementation of public policies that can promote the full development of Risk and Disaster Management (DRM) in the State of Pará. The DRM is a social component that is based on planning, organization, direction and control, aiming to monitoring extreme weather behavior, risk reduction actions, disaster management and recovery of areas affected by adverse events (USAID / OFDA LAC 2013). As an issue of social demand emanated from the public interest, it could ensure instruments and control of its execution - MP, BGL and ABL. The SFUNDPCDE would become a contingency tool for the State, during adverse events happened periodically which can affect directly the execution of public programs, economy, health, safety and so one. The methods of research used were bibliographical survey and documentary analyses which after massive comparison among legislation dealing with the same subjective, scrutinizing the necessary elements to turn into feasible, through competency-checking within state in legislate, of analyses in how it could be the fund management and its ways of generate revenues. The conclusion of this research is intended to show the importance that the implementation of the fund in Pará would promote, for example projecting the government agenda a as public policy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Índice de impactos de desastres: critérios para a declaração e reconhecimento de situação de anormalidade.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-26) FREITAS, Bruno Pinto; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
The study proposed to parameterize the impacts of disasters caused by floods, which partially or substantially compromise the local government's response capacity, assisting protection technicians and civil defense, in their field activities, to support the processes of recognition emergency situation (SE) and the state of public calamity (ECP), as well as managers and analysts to make decisions through objective data that, related to each other, can express mathematically impact of the event. Normative Instruction nº 002 / MI does not clearly and objectively state the criteria for decreasing and recognizing abnormality situations. The equation known as the Disaster Impact Indicator is derived from the variables adopted from the congregation and mathematical and statistical artifacts, from consolidated data related to Disaster and Risk Management, such as quantitative human damages, material damages, economic losses, in addition to rates of precipitation and vulnerability, as well as the capacity of confrontation of the local public power. In the State of Pará hydrological disasters correspond to 80% of the occurrences of these 30% are the floods, affecting more than 50 thousand people in 26 years of records, occurring mainly in the period known as Amazonian winter. The city of Monte Alegre / PA was the most affected, with 5 flood records only in the last 3 years, 2 of which were recognized due to an emergency situation. The proposed equation serves as a substrate for the creation of regulations, which deal with criteria for recognition of local response capacity impairment, which will standardize actions in damage and loss assessments, and may be implemented at the national level, for flood disasters, using the relative attributes in each variable, according to the reality of each State.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência da precipitação na atividade de beneficiamento de caulim em Barcarena-Pa e seus impactos socioambientais.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) LEMOS, Marcos Antonio de Queiroz; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
Mining in the Stateof Pará occupies a prominent position in the regional and national economies. Although it is installed and operating in compliance with the due process of environmental licensing, mining activity of great degradation potential has been causing environmental disasters and social problems. This work analyzes the polluting events occurring in the period from 2004 to 2016, due to the leakage of tailings and kaolin ore bodies in the Dendê river, Curuperé and Maricá streams, to the Marajó Bay, and the influence of precipitation on the activity of kaolin processing and its social and environmental impacts. The research was based on reports of Police investigations in the Specialized Division of the Environmentof the Civil Police of Pará, expert reports of the Institute of Criminology of the Center for Scientific Expertise Renato Chaves, reports of the Evandro Chagas Institute of the Ministry of Health and the Laboratory of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry of the UFPA, in which authors and materiality were identified, the communities and water bodies affected and the social and environmental impacts resulting from the polluting events. From a descriptive and analytical approach of these events, the socio-environmental impacts were identified, the accelerated growth of the urban population from the installation of the industrial enterprises; the constant damages in the riverside communities located around the mining company; the expansion of areas of environmental risk with the expansion of mining activity in the region and the successive pollution of water resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência de elementos meteorológicos na percepção de risco e nas condições de insegurança da população local: incêndios residenciais em área de aglomerado subnormal no bairro do Jurunas, cidade de Belém – Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-29) VILACORTA, Arthur Arteaga Durans; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; SILVA JÚNIOR, João de Athaydes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2150400764733967
Brazil has witnessed a population growth that, together with the disorderly urban density, culminated in the increase of subnormal clusters in the last decades. Such locations present considerable vulnerability to dangerous events, especially fires. The present study analyzed statistical data on fires in residential buildings and green areas served by the Pará Military Fire Brigade in the city of Belém, between 2008 and 2016, relating them to meteorological elements, establishing a causal link between such aspects. In addition, questionnaires were applied to a sample of residents living in the precarious settlement area entitled Baixadas da Estrada Nova Jurunas in order to analyze the influence of climatological factors on the behavior of the population and to assess their level of perception of fire risk. As a final research product, two fire risk maps were proposed in residence for the subnormal cluster, one for the rainy season and one for the less rainy season. These maps were conceived through the establishment of a risk classification methodology (Arteaga-Athaydes index), based on georeferenced data of the location of the structural fires already occurring in the area, number of households, number of inhabitants, reliability conditions of the network facilities of electricity distribution of the dwellings and influence of the climate. It was concluded that the majority of fires in green areas and housing units in the city of Belém occurred in the least rainy season (June to November), due to the proven influence of meteorological conditions on the behavior of the sample studied, making them adopt inadequate arrangements that go against fire safety. As for the level of risk perception of the population sample that lives in the subnormal cluster studied, this condition is worrisome, since half of those interviewed do not believe that a loss could occur in their house and the vast majority never received any training or orientation to avoid accidents and does not even know the emergency number to fire the Military Fire Department in case of fire.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ocupação de terrenos de marinha: risco e regulamentação jurídica.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06-10) SANTOS, Jéssica de Souza Teixeira; BORGES, Maurício da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580207189205228
The present research has as objective to treat the marine lands and their increased, that as assets of the union, were also instituted as source of income of the same. Currently, they are enshrined in the federal constitution of 1988, as well as by decree-law no. 9,760 / 1946, by decree no. 3,725 / 2001, as well as by law no. 9,636 / 1988. The navy lands and their awnings may be established as sunday goods, goods of common use of the people and goods of special use. It is extremely important to also consider pec no. 39/2011, which aims at securing the land of the navy, as well as the question of the demarcation of these lands that is presented from the preamar average line of 1831, and the secretariat of the patrimony of the union - spu civil liability and the principles of environmental law, as well as the multidisciplinarity of disciplines of civil law, environmental law and disaster law, are necessary in order to the compression of the dimension of the subject and the problem presented. It is also understood that it is necessary to maintain the institute of marine lands as a good of the union, looking not only for the collection interest, but mainly for preservation, as well as for environmental recovery, transforming this institute into real service of the socio-environmental function and, moreover, as being mainly recognized with a constitutional aspect. Based on the results obtained, and based on the analysis carried out on the study of the demarcation of brazilian navy lands, based on the national characterization plan developed by the spu, it was verified that much remains to be done in relation to the demarcations and, the importance of the navy land remaining as assets of the union, overcoming the lack of instruments and advancing to the recognition of the constitutional expression of this institute and in this way, the research went to the creation of a "normative act" in the species "recommendation", to the technicians of the municipal government of abaetetuba, who are involved with the public service situations inherent to the marine lands.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Percepção de risco e vulnerabilidade social dos moradores de Ajuruteua.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-07-04) OLIVEIRA, Ubiranilson Santos de; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609
This study investigates the perception of risk and social vulnerability of the residents of Ajuruteua, a beach located 36 km from the town of Bragança-Pará. Part of this area is considered as a very high risk to marine coastal erosion, as noted by the destruction of properties located by the sea. Erosion is a natural event that affects people’s safety and it is triggered by anthropic factors, especially by disorderly occupation. Due to this the government proposes the evacuation of people from risk areas, because they are vulnerable to erosive action. However, it comes across the economic factor of the families involved, since the income of the people living there depends on the fishing, commerce, houses rental, hostels and other activities developed in the coast. In this perspective, this research aimed to verify residents’ perception on the risk of erosion, as well as to record their adaptation to natural events, and to monitor the impacts of removing the vulnerable population from risk areas to the municipality's headquarters. Such a context brings out the following issues: Can the understanding of the risk perception and social vulnerabilities of people living in Ajuruteua contribute to public policies for disaster risk reduction? The methodology was based on theory and method literature review, documentary research in public and private institutions and the application of a script of interviews with local residents and entrepreneurs. The objective of the interviews was to understand and identify the degree of social vulnerability of the resident population in Ajuruteua from the population 's perception of natural erosion events. It is hoped that the study will be able to contribute to public policies for disaster reduction, collaborating with the discussion about the different perceptions about the appropriate use of natural resources available in Ajuruteua.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Vulnerabilidade e percepção de risco de acidentes com barragens de caulim em Barcarena.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-01-27) AVELAR, Marcio dos Santos; ANDRADE, Milena Marília Nogueira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1930321094483005
The society uses the existing natural resources and generates modifications in the nature with constructions of artificial structures such as the dams. Like other anthropogenic interventions, the construction of dams can bring diverse social benefits, from the generation of electric power, regulation of the flow for the purpose of supply, irrigation, flood control or prevention of droughts. Specifically for mining, tailings dams are the most common form of existing tailings storage. However, associated risks accompany works of this magnitude and possible ruptures of a dam can trigger disasters. Impacts depend on the vulnerability of the environment and society and can drastically affect all locally constituted living elements and can cause loss of social and economic order throughout a mode of population organization. Thus, this study has the objective of conducting an analysis of the vulnerability and risk perception of the Industrial district and Vila do Conde, which are the neighborhoods around the kaolin reject basin nº3 (B3) located in the municipality of Barcarena (PA). To perform this research were used secondary data of the municipality, legislation and the Emergency Action Plan of the dam; and primary data obtained in the field from the use of 143 questionnaires. As results were identified elements that characterize the vulnerability of the populations downstream of the B3 basin, both in Vila do Conde and in the Industrial neighborhood, such as: the proximity of these areas of the B3 basin, family income less than one (1) minimum wage (71.33%), (29.37% do not have complete primary education), 60.14% of the households have at least one (1) child, and 36.73% have elderly and 4.17% with special needs. In this way it is concluded that it is important that there is an intervention of the public power in order to carry out preventive actions with the population, as well as to establish bases for its action in the event of a disaster event in the study area presented here.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Vulnerabilidade socioambiental em área peri-urbana suscetível a movimentos de massa: estudo de caso no Distrito de Miritituba, Itaituba, Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-21) SENA, Marson Menezes; RODRIGUES, Hernani José Brazão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1660618871530248
Natural Disasters associated with mass movements have increased considerably in the last decades, causing a series of physical damages, with consequences mainly on human life, private, public and collective goods. Differently from other regions of Brazil, the Amazon region, despite of the predominance of lowland areas, also suffers from mass movement events caused mainly by the performance of atmospheric rainfall systems that when in excess, produce events of this nature. The objective of this work was to analyze the socioenvironmental consequences of urban occupation in areas of risk of landslides, starting from a case study in the district of Buritizal, District of Miritituba, Itaituba / PA and presenting administrative solutions through elaboration and proposition of a bill in the Itaituba City Council that aims to reserve housing through the National Popular Housing Program for families who have lost their homes or live in areas on the risk of natural disasters. The present study was carried out based on two lines of research, one of bibliographic and the other of field, with mixed approach (quantitative and qualitative), in order to show the problem in the studied context. So, socioeconomic indicators were used from the e-SUS questionnaires, such as, from secondary data obtained from the IBGE, to the municipality of Itaituba and CPRM. The means of social vulnerability were related to the means of environmental vulnerability. From the described scenarios, it was possible to verify that the scenario referring to social variables showed 90% of average vulnerability. On the other hand, the scenario regarding environmental vulnerability was the most critical, with more than 75% of high vulnerability. Summarize, it is verified that both the variables that make the social indicators and the environmental factors have been determinant on the definition of the socio-environmental vulnerability scenario. Socio-environmental vulnerability reached 2.7, so the socioenvironmental vulnerability of families living in the neighborhood of Buritizal was defined as high. The Socio-environmental Vulnerability allowed to observe and quantify the different levels of vulnerability experienced by each family surveyed, and it is possible to indicate which families have more or less vulnerability residing in the neighborhood of Buritizal.

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