Teses em História (Doutorado) - PPHIST/IFCH

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/6869

O Doutorado Acadêmico iniciou-se em 2010 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História (PPHIST) do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (IFCH) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Aqueles que merecem a opinião pública: justiça de paz, cidadania e mobilização política nas primeiras eleições no Grão-Pará (1827-1841)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-25) MOURA, Danielle Figuerêdo; RICCI, Magda Maria de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4368326880097299
This thesis is devoted to studying the relationship between the first elections for representatives of the justice of the peace in Grão-Pará and the Cabano movement. Its scope ranges from 1827, with the regulation of this position, until 1833, when the third election for this position took place since its creation and which preceded the Cabano movement. The in-depth study of correspondence between municipal councils, judicial authorities, and provincial presidents, especially those concerning municipal elections, has proven that blacks, indigenous people and mixed-race people mobilized around local elections and assumed important positions in the legal and civil administration of towns, parishes and places in Grão-Pará between 1828 and 1834. It is demonstrated that despite the set of laws inaugurated with the 1824 Charter not extending many of its benefits to this segment of the population, the reality was quite different, since the appropriations made by the new legal devices informed daily struggles for expanding citizenship. This thesis argues, therefore, that the Cabano movement was born out of ethnic and political conflicts that had as an important stage the elections of lay judges. The experience of political mobilization, both in their election, deposition and acclamation, was in constant dialogue with a repertoire of new laws and a constitutional and liberal vocabulary, and was therefore fundamental to the emergence and diversity of dynamics of the Cabano movement. Finally, it is shown that the discussion raised by the Cabano movement in the Court in Rio de Janeiro, about the need to defend an idea of “order” and “civilization”, contributed to the arguments of the “lawyers” for the review of the justice of the peace, which culminated in its national reformulation in 1841.
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Arranjos, lei e consolidação do império: aplicação da lei das terras e apropriação das fazendas nacionais do Rio Branco (1830-1880)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-09-18) SANTOS, Maria José dos; FONTES, Edilza Joana Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9447513031256372
This thesis investigated the process of application of the Law no. 601 of 1850, known as the Land Law in the Province of Amazonas and its developments on the border of Rio Branco. It was sought to understand the social, political and economic constitution of the subjects that formed the group of landlords from the creation of the Fazenda Reais and private farms, analyzing, afterwards, the creation of the Upper Amazon Region, setting up tents and the expansion process of farms after the extinction of the Sesmarias Law. Historically, the region of Rio Branco has undergone intense territorial and political processes of disputes that threatened Portuguese domination and, successively, the consolidation of the Brazilian Empire on that frontier. The 1830s and 1870s were marked by the attempt of land grabbing by the United Kingdom, known as the Pirara conflict in Rio Branco, and by the pressure of the United States of America that demanded Brazil to open up for navigation and trade on the Amazon River. All these factors made the Brazilian Empire expend different dimensions for other regions, more flexible with military and other people, maintaining them as allies to defend, colonize and consolidate the empire at the border of Rio Branco. In this context, the lands of the national farms, which belonged to the State, were gradually incorporated into the private patrimony of the military and exiled, as well as lands considered vacant, which were also public patrimony. The Land Law was not enforced, since, according to it, the only form of access to land was the purchase, but it was used politically by the Empire to secure the support of the local landlord class. This process lasted until the 1870s, when this relationship began to have another dimension, much more rigorous, less attached to the local elite and disposed of more charges, especially on the part of the Treasury over the appropriation of assets belonging to the Treasury as the lands of the national farms of the Rio Branco, clear indications that the Brazilian Empire in the borders of the Amazon finally recognized itself consolidated.
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A Cidade dos Lázaros: isolacionismo, políticas públicas e lepra no Pará (1900-1934)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-28) VIEIRA, Elis Regina Corrêa; SANJAD, Nelson Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9110037947248805; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6372-1185
At the end of the XIX century and the beginning of XX, leprosy went through a process of singularization marked by an intense debate about etiology, therapy and prophylaxis of the disease. In this context, there was a theoric effort to consolidate leprosy as a disease caused by a bacillus and transmitted by contagion. At the same time, if the disease was contagious and its means of transmission was uncertain, the idea of isolating the patients was the only way of avoiding the spread of the disease became strength. In Brazil, many doctors and intellectuals participated in an international network of scientists that debated about the disease. In the same context, the health movement demanded that the Union increase its responsibilities in public health. The leprosy prophylaxis was benefited by these discussions and the federal government started to implement several leprosariums in partnership with the state government. Lazarópolis do Prata, in the state of Pará, was created in this context. It was installed in 1923 and officially opened in June 1924. My thesis proposes that doctors created a model of isolation to Lazarópolis, however, the experience of different individuals recreated the senses of this isolation, challenging the hygienist ideal of a kind, disciplined, and submissive "lázaro" to the doctors. Thus, even an institution seen as a model faced challenges such as escapes and violations to the established norms.
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Cidade e educação: memórias e experiências do ensino primário e ginasial em Breves – Marajó das Florestas (1943-1985)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-30) PUREZA, Enil do Socorro de Sousa; PACHECO, Agenor Sarraf; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5839293025434267
In order to understand the construction process of the city of Breves, in Marajó das Florestas, as a regional development hub, focusing on the 20th century, this research presented as a central thesis the assertion that educational experiences in primary and secondary education in the city of Breves , between the 1940s and 1980s, were of great importance for the formation, expansion of urban space and development of the municipality, attracting institutions, public and private services necessary for life in the 20th century to its structure. To arrive at the confirmation of this thesis, we started with the following problematizing questions: How were the city and education, and education and the city historically built in the territory of Breu, in the period from 1943 to 1985? How did the educational and sociocultural practices experienced by residents occur in the expansion and development of urban life? How did the implementation and/or strengthening of primary and secondary education take place in the city? From these guiding questions, the objectives of the research were: to analyze city and education and education and city through written, oral and visual documents, identifying historical-social changes and continuities in the ways of living in Brevense between the 1940s and 1980s; understand the trajectory of formation of the school group from 1943 in the city, the expansion and consolidation of primary education and follow the emergence of secondary education in the context of the 1960s/70s, its contributions to the expansion of the city and the visibility of the city in the regional and state scenario in times of military regime. Based on Social and Cultural History and dialoguing with written, oral and visual documents, the results indicate that Breves became the main educational center of the Marajós das Florestas, from the 1960s onwards with the implementation of the Miguel Bitar State Gym, which joined to primary education, which began in the 1940s with the Dr. Lauro Sodré, Boarding School Evangélico Amazonas and Colégio Santo Agostinho. They also showed that, in the education and city movement, the city became a regional reference in several sectors, and education played a sine qua non role, because through the training of people, multiple development possibilities were opened for Breves to become , nowadays, an educating city.
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Ciência e construção do consenso desenvolvimentista na Amazônia a partir de quatro cientistas durante a Ditadura Militar (Pará, 1964-1985)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-08) SBRANA, Tayanná Santos de Jesus; PETIT, Pere; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8376409779394321; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8970-3073
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Emigrados do sertão: secas e deslocamentos populacionais Ceará-Piauí (1877-1891)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-02-28) SILVA, Márcio Douglas de Carvalho e; LACERDA, Franciane Gama; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1007392320101957
In the second half of the 19th century, some provinces in the North of the Brazilian Empire faced successive droughts, which caused the migration of the population residing in the affected areas to others where it was believed that there were resources that would enable survival. In 1877, a drought began in Ceará that lasted until 1879. At the end of the 1880s, the phenomenon once again visited Ceará, leaving its visible marks, mainly in 1888 and 1889. great was the displacement of men and women from Ceará to other Brazilian provinces, including the neighboring one, Piauí, which to a certain extent was already affected by drought in the form of a climatic phenomenon, starting to experience it as a social product. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the migration of people from Ceará to Piauí, between the years 1877 and 1891, considering these displacements an act of protagonism by men and women, poor and rich, who undertook the migratory journeys as a possibility of overcoming the difficulties imposed by the dry in its place of origin, choosing Piauí as route and also destination. As a basis for the time frame, the year in which the flow of people from Ceará became more intense towards the neighboring province, until the beginning of the 1890s, when welfare practices were still carried out through public assistance, and it was already possible to find people from Ceará constituting new families in Piauí. Among the sources defined for carrying out the research, there are the different newspapers published in Piauí and Ceará, as well as reports, messages, speeches, minutes, as well as letters and other documents from the Public Aid Commission. Thus, this thesis investigates the fact that, in addition to the migratory flows that occurred in the 19th century, already known in historiography, there were other migrant destinations undertaken by people from Ceará, including Piauí, which was also affected by droughts, seen as a receiving pole, either for those who were destined for that region, as it offered better conditions for survival than Ceará, or for those who were trying to cross to Maranhão and Pará. Because it was intense at many times, migration brought to Piauí the worsening of the consequences of the drought, requiring measures to combat its effects by the local government, which established the Public Aid Commissions, promoting welfare and moving part of the migrants to the fronts of work, either in public works or in Colonial Nuclei. Upon arriving in Piauí, migrants almost always found it difficult to survive, however, many managed to settle in that region and did not return to Ceará after the end of the drought. In this way, the thesis of the importance of Piauí in the migratory contexts of the 19th century is defended, as a receiving space for migrants from Ceará and a generator of multiple social experiences.
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Emília Snethlage e Heloísa Alberto Torres: gênero, ciência e turismo na Amazônia do século XX
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-04) ALBERTO, Diana Priscila Sá; PACHECO, Agenor Sarraf; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5839293025434267
The presence of women in the history of science, especially in the Western world, is intertwined with the very constitution of this field of knowledge, but for a long time they have remained in the shadows of male performance. The historical science, since its birth, has marked the "man" as the central character of the narratives and, even though some scholars pointed out that women were included in this historical being, the disciplinary field of history kept them away from the stage of mankind's sociocultural formation. Scientific travel, from the 19th century on, proved to be a rich path to problematize this vision and the meanings of its silences, allowing interpretative connections between science, gender, and tourism. The history of female participation in the history of sciences in the Amazon in the 20th century, focusing on the performance and legacy of two women scientists, one German and one Brazilian, Emília Snethlage (1868-1929) from the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - MPEG and Heloísa Alberto Torres (1895-1977) from the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro - MNRJ, is the central theme of this thesis. These scientists, who lived experiences in regions of Brazil, especially in the Amazon, used tactics to build an important path in their fields of expertise in the natural sciences (ornithology) and humanities (anthropology). Their expeditions left important clues for the investigation of the history of tourism in the region, by presenting elements that made up the modern tourist phenomenon, such as lodging, food, and transportation. From this contextualization, the objective of this work was to investigate, in the light of studies on the history of science, gender and tourism, the female participation played, in particular, by Emília Snethlage and Heloísa Alberto Torres, in the construction of scientific knowledge in the Amazon in the early twentieth century, entering into their professional trajectories, strategies and their respective universes. In relation to the problematic, the question was asked about the importance of the role of women in the history of science in Brazil and how was the specific participation of these scientists in the Amazon? The research was based on Edward P. Thompson with Social History and his reflections on experience and tactics in everyday life; Carlo Ginzburg with Micro-History when entering in the indications of other paths taken by them; Michelle Perrot, Londa Schiebinger and Anne McClintock when referencing the role of women in the scientific field, helping to inquire forms of coloniality experienced in the daily life and work of Emília and Heloisa. As far as tourism studies are concerned, we dialogued with Paulo de Assunção, Alexandre Panosso Netto, and Helena Doris. A. B. Quaresma when dealing with the reflection of the tourist phenomenon and its openings in history and research in the Amazon. The methodological path traced clues of the performance of these women of science in the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Guilherme de La Penha Archives. Files on Emília Snethlage were also searched in virtual media at the Biblioteca Nacional Digital and at the Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins, where a collection on Heloísa Alberto Torres was found. The documentary research started in 2018 and went on until mid-2022, mainly by virtual environment, due to the Covid-19 pandemic. To answer the problematic of the thesis, the research mapped and analyzed evidence in newspapers, articles produced by these scientists, personal and institutional letters, and novels, which made visible experiences and practices of these scientists in their institutions and in the daily life of research in the Amazon. Based on these findings, the thesis demonstrates that Emília and Heloísa played a fundamental role in the construction of science in the Amazon, through their actions and "world sensibilities", at a time of full hegemony of male domination in the scientific field. These women built their trajectories in ornithology and anthropology in such a way that their publications and scientific achievements spread beyond their institutions, making their mark in the history of science in Brazil and abroad. Furthermore, the trips have revealed new directions for understanding the tourist phenomenon in the Amazon region, since they have used the constituent elements of the practice in the activity. Thus, they contributed to think the emergence of a new epistemology about tourist trips.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Guiados pelo raciocínio e pela razão”: ciência e modernidade a serviço da agricultura paraense (1908-1929)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022) SANTOS, Francisnaldo Sousa dos; NUNES, Francivaldo Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4125313573133140
This thesis seeks to discuss the implementation of a new development model designed for agriculture in Pará at the beginning of the 20th century. Especially from the second term of governor Augusto Montenegro onwards, a change of orientation is observed, no longer exclusively focused on the creation of colonial nuclei and their consequent occupation by foreign settlers, but also focused on the qualification of these agricultural workers. In other words, the quality of labor for the field gained more and more importance. With the help of science, public agents then sought the technical qualification of the farmer through agricultural education in institutions such as experimental stations and demonstration fields or through mobile agricultural education. This new methodology required the creation, in 1908, of a section dedicated exclusively to agriculture and livestock within the Secretariat of Public Works, Lands and Transport, showing a close approximation between the state and the agricultural elite of Pará, since the representative of this patronage, the Marajoara farmer José Ferreira Teixeira, took over the direction of the 4th Section of Agriculture. The publication of the magazine A Lavoura Paraense, which circulated between 1908 and 1912, portrayed this new moment well in its pages. One of the objectives of public agents was to overcome monoculture and develop other products, especially when rubber exports showed signs of crisis, making agriculture increasingly relevant to the Pará economy in the first decades of the 20th century. In addition to the fear of sustaining an entire economy based on a single product, we can point out not only the unsatisfactory results with the old model of agricultural development that had been adopted since the mid-nineteenth century, but also the entire increase that the Museum underwent. Paraense from the arrival of the Swiss Emílio Goeldi and his successor in the direction of this institution, the also Swiss Jacques Huber. However, the promising expectation regarding the modernizing wave for the countryside, based on the rationalization of agricultural practices from the current agronomic precepts of the time, did not actually materialize, since the extractive sector remained high compared to the agricultural sector, with highlights at the end of the 1920s for some products such as rice and cotton.
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História, ciência e natureza na política Ilustrada de D. Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho para o meio-norte da América Portuguesa (1796-1801)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-18) COSTA JÚNIOR, Flávio Pereira; SANJAD, Nelson Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9110037947248805; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6372-1185
Science was an important element in the political construction of the Portuguese Empire in the 18th century. It would be through this knowledge that the economic potential of the nature of the possessions would be evaluated, with the aim of developing trade for the benefit of the Crown. It is thus understood that science was a useful colonial instrument to maintain the union between the European center of that Empire with its other portions on the Globe, especially with the colonial States in Portuguese America. Securing territories and developing projects to reach the other empires economically, above all to compete in markets already established by such empires. Fauna, flora and minerals would be objects of this knowledge, and for that purpose qualified men were sent for such research, entering the sertões in search of new specimens and evaluating the already known ones. Agriculture was also part of this study list, in the interest of expanding production. An exemplary case of this type of symbiosis between politics and science was that of Dom Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho during the period when he was Minister of the Navy and Overseas (1796-1801). Due to the academic background and situation in which this individual was involved, one can see the attention he devoted to nature. As a case study, the thesis focuses on the States of Maranhão and Piauí. The objective of this work is to present how the political vision, through science in the administration of Dom Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho, had as a project to insert Maranhão and Piauí in international trade.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os humildes peregrinos da civilização cristã: grupos letrados da cidade de Vigia de Nazareth – Grão Pará (1866-1883)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-29) SOEIRO, Antonio Igo Palheta; SARGES, Maria de Nazaré dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2076421409418420
In the small town of Vigia de Nazareth in the Province of Grão-Pará in the final decades of the 19th century, a literate group of simple people who we call "humble pilgrims" aimed to accomplish a sociopolitical project, which was based on the development of education as a strategy to fight for rights. Led by the teachers Araújo Nunes, Vilhena Alves and Bertoldo Nunes, they created schools, literary, beneficent and theatrical entities and wrote periodicals, cultural practices that mediated the dreamed Christian civilization, molded from popular Catholicism and the appropriation and resignification of ideas of the civilizing movement in Brazil. The initiative of a new sociopolitical project clashed with the objectives of the other literate groups led by the economic elites in the cultural field of the city, in a social context of misery, illiteracy, and slavery that the group found ways to combat, seeking the formation of an educated individual, politically active and with a social conscience.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Indigenas, quilombolas e dendeicultura na Amazônia: expropriações e relações de poder no Alto do Vale do rio Acará no município de Acará/PA (1980-2021)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-26) SAAVEDRA, Maria da Paz Corrêa; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146; PETIT, Pere; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8376409779394321; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8970-3073
In the Amazon, in the rural area of the Pará, territories are appropriated for the interests of big capital without identification with the surroundings in which they are established, configuring the growth of territorial insecurity due to large enterprises, culminating in enclosures, the core of the expropriation of traditional communities, making explicit challenges to the institutionalization of ethnic recognition contemplated in normative instruments and, contributing to the permanence of the historical process of invisibilization of populations that claim territorial rights. In this work, using oral memory as the main element of the methodology, the aim is to seek, present and endorse the daily struggles, fields of action, resistance and experiences as well as the political struggle that currently self-identified quilombola and indigenous families experience when narrate the usurpation of their territories and the conflict situations triggered by the oil palm farming activities of the company Agropalma S. A., in the Vale do Alto Rio Acará, in the municipality of Acará/PA. Historical evidence and narratives built around ethnic belonging indicate the constitution of specific territorialities, indicators of a collective existence. Oral records use memory to detail facts that imprint material and symbolic forms on the territory, tracing a close relationship between memory, territory and identity, since strong images of places are recorded in these. Even though they present themselves in the present, all these questions are deeply historical and aim to contribute to the studies of regional historiography, in particular, studies on original peoples in the state of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Leis, mortes e fugas: o processo de abolição da escravidão e a entrada dos imigrantes no Piauí (1872 – 1887)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-19) SILVA, Rodrigo Caetano; BEZERRA NETO, José Maia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7000143949499821
the objective of this dissertation is to defend the idea the there were several contributing factors in the process of decrease of the slave population in Piaui' province. I addition, I propose that the entry in Piaui' of immigrants trying to evade the drought contributed to the process of transition of the slave labor into the labor provided by free persons. Among the factors that contributed to the decrease of the slave population, I point out: the Law of the Free Womb and the Law of the Sexagenarians. When analyzing these two laws I focused mainly on the creation of the Fundo Emancipador (Freedom Fund), on the criteria used to free slaves using that fund, and how this mechanism functioned. The process of decrease of the slave population also included: deaths and escapes. The spatial framework for the research is the province of Piaui', where until today there is a lack of scientific verification about the process of decrease of slaves and freedom of slaves. The chronological framework encompasses the period between 1872 to 1887. Such framework is justified because it was in this period of the nineteenth century that the struggle against slavery intensified in Piaui'. With the selection of this period of time, some questions became pertinent and gave impetus to the research: Was the decrease of slaves in Piaui' inserted in the same process on a national context? In this process of decrease, were the slaves aware of what was happening? Was there a sui generis characteristic in the process of aboliton of slavery in Piaui'? The theoretical basis for the text was established in the arguments by the British historian E. P. Thompson, who proposes a dialogue among the different agents reacting to actions existing in the environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Magistrados Régios na Comarca do Grão-Pará: os mandos, as práticas e as carreiras dos ouvidores gerais (1750-1773)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-10) VALE, Stephanie Lopes do; SOUZA JUNIOR, José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0493030136179246
The District General Ombudsman's Offices were part of the Portuguese administrative bureaucracy in the colonies, having the function of second instance to the decisions of local judges and inquiring into the daily life of the villages. Being the head of the Ombudsman's Office, the General Ombudsman is responsible for supervising the chamber and inquiring people about complaints during the General Devastations on Correctional Trips. This strategic royal agent was a graduate in Law (laws or canons) at the University of Coimbra, a very specific social group that followed paths specific to magistrates. The king's magistrates working in the General Ombudsman's Office of Pará between 1751 and 1773 are the targets of investigation, agents in charge of the symbolic role of the monarch: to do justice. The King's Justice was involved in the application of Portuguese laws and orders, but it was an adaptive execution that balanced customs, land use and metropolitan projects. The exercises of the ombudsmen of Pará were objects of investigation, amid local circumstances and royal orders, the ombudsman judges traced the paths of their careers in the royal service.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
MLPA - História e memória do Movimento pela Libertação dos Presos do Araguaia: pluralidade, resistência e fé
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-08) RIBEIRO, Marcos Alexandre Araújo; PETIT, Pere; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8376409779394321; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8970-3073
This work presents a debate on the History and Memory of the Movement for the Liberation of Araguaia-MLPA prisoners, when in 1981, two French priests and thirteen squatters were arrested in the town of São Geraldo do Araguaia, which was part of the municipality of Xinguara in the State of Pará. With this arrest and subsequent transfer to the capital Belém; religious, lay people, student movement, activists of left-wing political parties such as PT and PC do B, as well as youth pastoral groups, members of various social movement groups. At this juncture, a vigorous solidarity network is established with national and international connections, which carry out various activities in Belém and the Araguaia Pará region, with the aim of demanding that the Brazilian military government release the so-called Prisoners of Araguaia. I also affirm that during the development of the movement, what I call a Collective Identity of the MLPA was created among some of its militants, a condition clearly noticeable in the reports collected through the Oral History method, and made available in fragments of the thesis writing, as in the Video-Memory: MLPA - 40 years of History, which I present here as an important source of research, as well as teaching about the History of the Present Time in the Amazon.
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O quadrilátero cabano e as cabanagens nos Sertões da Amazônia: guerra, índios, rios e matas (1790-1841)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-18) BARRIGA, Letícia Pereira; RICCI, Magda Maria de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4368326880097299
This study covers indigenous participation in the Cabanagem Revolution. From a historical narrative, this thesis sets out to understand the Cabanagem Revolution that took place in Amazon backlands based on the indigenous protagonism around the actions of three ethnic groups, the Mura, the Munduruku and the Mawé. Inhabitants and masters of an immense area, the interfluve of the Madeira, Tapajós and Amazonas rivers, these indigenous people have printed their cultural marks with their arts of war and own interests, leading the cabanagem battles in the interior of the province towards increasingly radicalized directions, shaping their territory into a Cabano Quadrilateral. Through ancestral knowledge of forest, the indigenous people were able to act in an imperative way, determining in a large extent the advances and setbacks of the Cabanagem Revolution. In this sense, within a chronological arrangement, the thesis develops its narrative supporting its main argument that the Cabanagem lasted so long, leading to a process that was difficult to resolve due to its radicalization by the effective indigenous participation. Throughout the eight chapters the thesis is based, showing how indigenous actions from the second half of the 18th century, but especially 1790, and in the first two decades of the 19th century, went through a process of reworking their ways of opposing the colonial project. Thus, in the 1830s, their actions were radicalized, broking with the institutional channels of resolving their issues, and deciding for armed struggle, taking part in the civil war that broke out in Grão-Pará. Using the method of the indicative paradigm and the methodology of Ethnohistory, we located, through the traces left in the documentation, the indigenous evidence in the Cabanagem built in the Amazon backlands.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Ramal do 40: histórias e memórias de comunidades na reserva extrativista Marinha Maracanã, Nordeste do Pará (1960-2020)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-07-28) FIGUEIREDO, Elida Moura; PACHECO, Agenor Sarraf; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5839293025434267
This study aims to understand, from the point of view of historical experiences, changes and continuities in the ways of life of the residents of an Amazonian fishing community, 40 do Mocooca, from the emergence of new forms of mobility with the construction of a road that provoked the emergence of other contact zones, social practices, cultural exchanges, altering traditions in local daily life. The research was carried out in the 40 do Mocooca region, a village in the municipality of Maracanã, in the Salgado Zone of Pará, between 2018 and 2021, chronologically defined between 1960-2020. Theoretically, it was based on Social History and Cultural Studies and methodologically, it followed guidelines from documental criticism and Oral History to dialogue with collective and individual memories in circuits of oral tradition as a constituent of the ways of being, thinking and acting of the inhabitants of this region. In the work, the thesis is defended that changes perceived in the study of the past compared to the present, on the one hand, alter webs of relationships woven for decades between residents and the environment with the contact of new historical agents, information, cultural products, especially, at the turn of the 20th to the 21st century, on the other hand, even in unequal conditions, the social agents of the place re-elaborate the new technological and cultural apparatuses and continue in defense of their living traditions, fighting daily for what they believe to be the path of local development. To explain this thesis, the research is based on analyzes of the experience and experiences of these people, as well as on the study of small and large local events, some individual, others collective, in an attempt to understand the trajectory of this community that presents itself in a network of relationships and decisions of a mobile life between the countryside and the city, between the past and the present, between nature and urbanization, between fishing and a type of tourism, which we call “alternative” and “informal”, which comes forcing the emergence of some globalized practices observed from the arrival of new needs and habits of local consumption, above all, by the younger ones.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A “República de Saias”: trabalho feminino em Belém (1890-1920)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-11-12) GOMES, João Arnaldo Machado; LACERDA, Franciane Gama; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1007392320101957
In this thesis, I analyze women's labor in the city of Belém during the first three decades of the Brazilian Republic. By exploring the representations constructed about women within the context of the feminist movement's development in Europe and the United States, I establish a relationship between these representations and the daily lives of working women in Belém, who, in various ways, participated or sought to participate in the labor market. Considering the periodical press as a significant instrument for reproducing and disseminating these representations, I selected newspapers as my primary sources. These publications provided the most prevalent representations of women, albeit through fragmentary and scattered traces of the lives of women in the capital of Pará during this period. While newspapers were my main source, I also utilized other materials, such as Government Reports, as valuable tools for mapping different areas of the city. This approach allowed me to identify a female population engaged in various sectors of urban labor who, despite being subjected to rigid norms dictating female submission to male authority, devised ways to transcend these constraints. Through protests or gradual, silent actions, these women sought solutions and demanded rights that were socially and politically denied to them.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
São Benedito no banco dos réus: alianças e conflitos no catolicismo em Bragança (PA), no século XX
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-06-06) SILVA, Dário Benedito Rodrigues Nonato da; NEVES, Fernando Arthur de Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1491729914353266
The search for control of the physical, financial and cultural heritage of the extinct Brotherhood of the Glorious Saint Benedict of Bragança by the Catholic Church, represented by the Prelature of Guamá, resulted in a complex weft of social relations, alliances and tensions in the Bragança’s city, Northeastern Pará, in the second half of the 20th century, especially between the 1960s and 1980s. These sides complemented each other in environments of the traditional Festivity of the Glorious Saint Benedict and rivaled in many others, involving social subjects that entangled plots and disagreements, which culminated in a lawsuit moved by the Catholic Church for the repossession of the material patrimony of the Brotherhood of Saint Benedict and for the control of cultural practices of the so-called Cycle of Saint Benedict, its festival and its symbolism. In this work, the re-reading of this struggle scenario, its subjects (in particular, lay people and clerics) and their actions, in addition to the recognition of the social and cultural environment experienced at the time, with the analysis of documentary sources belonging to the Reintegration of Possession Process (from 1969 to 1988), from the register books of the Prelature of Guamá (1947 to 1988), newspapers and periodicals from the city of Bragança (with deference to Caeté’s Journal), texts, studies, books and other sources at its core of these quarrels its main theme. Among some problems, the questioning of what reasons led the Catholic Church, having already guaranteed its management of religious services related to devotion to Saint Benedict, to resort to Justice to reintegrate itself into the permanent possession of the brotherhood's assets, due to the registration of this religious association as a society (or civil entity) in 1947. Such tensions were shadowed by a cultural environment associated with the festivities of Saint Benedict, in a variety of dates and events that take place annually in Bragança in the month of December. These questions demanded the use of the theoretical and methodological contribution of Social History and Cultural History, among so many contributions and readings, to understand these subjects, reread the facts and analyze the context in which these disputes were built, experienced and partially completed, which they still remained alive in the memory and marked the history of part of the local population in the 20th century.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A sociedade propagadora do ensino: o Lyceu de Artes e Ofícios Benjamin Constant e o Orphelinato Paraense (1891-1900)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-24) CARDOSO, Lucas Ayres; FARIAS, William Gaia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2553754490715388
The objective of this research was to understand the role of the Sociedade Propagadora de Ensino, in the performance of schools; Lyceu de Artes e Ofícios Benjamin Constant and Orphelinato Paraense in the period from 1891 to 1900, where I investigated this activity of the Sociedade Propagadora de Ensino, created to develop a curriculum to improve public education and its training, where the same one that created the Lyceu of Arts and Crafts Benjamin Constant, an institution dedicated to training young workers in the Province of Pará. This association called Sociedade Propagadora de Ensino was founded by Lauro Nina Sodré, governor of the Province of Pará, an officer in the Brazilian Army, graduated in Military Engineering and Bachelor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences from the Military School of Praia Vermelha in Rio de Janeiro, in the final years of the Monarchy. Therefore, the Sociedade Propagadora de Ensino (SPE) implemented a training system through a curriculum, whose focus was the creation of a qualified workforce to eradicate illiteracy that persisted even with the advent of the Republic, and therefore, the objective of the SPE, was to implement a program that would supply and minimize the most humble and poor, and that would train these workers to be inserted in factories in the province of Pará. In this sense, the thesis seeks to understand the relevance of the types of training directed to these schools, analyzing the curricula, profiles and performance of teachers and students among other important issues for understanding the actions and proposals directed by the SPE. In order to answer these questions, the prosopographic method was used, based on the analysis and cross-referencing of information obtained from the researched documentation, such as, for example, rare works and periodicals from the collections of the Tancredo Neves Foundation, and of legislation, curricula and other documents from the collection of the Public Archive of the State of Pará, and rare works from the Central Library of the Federal University of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As trabalhadoras e trabalhadores têxteis e sua fábrica em Santarém: experiência operária, Justiça do Trabalho e indústria de sacaria no Baixo Amazonas, 1951-1990
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-01-25) TRISTAN, Daniela Rebelo Monte; FONTES, Edilza Joana Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9447513031256372
This work deals with the experience of workers at the only jute and mallow spinning and weaving factory in Baixo Amazonas, Tecejuta, a large establishment whose history as a company extends from 1951, the date of its foundation, to 1990, the year of its closure. In order to better understand this experience, we initially discuss the factory’s history, which has an important intersection with the history of jute cultivation in the Amazon and with the history of regional planning, which, for this reason, are also focused here. We also discuss the relations between countryside and city in the region and their implications regarding the culture and profile of Tecejuta’s workers, in addition to their notion of customary law. Next, the emergence of Santarém’s Labor Board and its effects on labor relations in the municipality and region are discussed, as well as the patterns of manpower use by the factory in its first phase, which demonstrates its roots in the traditional way of relating the local economic elite with their subordinates in society. Next, we examine the patterns of disciplinary power application at the factory and its dismissal policy, particularly of women, seeking to identify their changes after the intervention of Banco de Crédito da Amazônia and Sudam in the company, between 1970 and 1976, as well as in the later period. Finally, we approach the protest mobilizations of the factory workers and their forms of syndical organization. Permeating the construction of the text from chapter 3, we seek to identify and understand the workers’ ways of resistance within the factory and their tactics when resorting to the Labor Court in search of rights enforcement, which configured a form of construction of their citizenship.