Dissertações em Agriculturas Amazônicas (Mestrado) - PPGAA/INEAF
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2307
O Mestrado em Agriculturas Amazônicas teve início em 1996 anteriormente Curso de Mestrado em Agriculturas Familiares e Desenvolvimento Sustentável e reconhecido em 2000 pela CAPES e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agriculturas Amazônicas (PPGAA) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). É um curso interinstitucional, sendo sua oferta responsabilidade do Instituto Amazônico de Agriculturas Familiares - INEAF da UFPA e da EMBRAPA/CPATU – Amazônia Oriental.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A vida dirige o rio: cem anos de ocupação cabocla e extrativismo madeireiro no Alto Capim(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-02-17) MEDINA, Gabriel; SHANLEY, PatríciaIn the Brazilian Amazon, the increasing rate of deforestation has prompted the international research community to look for solutions that reconcile conservation and development. Since the late 1980s, researchers throughout the world have explored the role that extraction of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) could have to the well-being of forest dwellers as well as to the environment. This thesis explores the role that NTFPs play in the lives of rural communities in a dynamically changing timber frontier region along the Capim River in the eastern Amazonian state of Pará. As the timber industry advances throughout the Amazon basin, communities located along logging frontiers are increasingly approached to sell the rights to their timber. Such communities consider several aspects to assess the value of forest products. Besides socio-economic and ecological values (real value), there is relative value, which strongly influence the way resources are used. This relative value is based on representations regarding the importance of forest products and on the context in which these representations are formed. To explore this theme, the thesis begins with a historical reconstruction of a caboclo community focusing on forest resource use and dynamics during the last hundred years. For the households within the study communities, timber always represented a natural heritage that could be spent over time. It was the principal product with market value and, during initial timber sales, extraction did not significantly reduce access to other forest products. Therefore, timber resources represented an inheritance with exchange value and little conflicting use. Four socioeconomic factors were identified which influenced communities to sell timber despite the losses in NTFPs that they began to experience over time: 1) paternalistic relationships among buyers and caboclos; 2) difficulties in common property resource management; 3) quick cash gained from timber sales guaranteed access to market products and; 4) expanding market involvement required increased cash to meet increasing needs. To understand the value which communities grant to forest products in their decision-making it is fundamental to identify the real alternatives that NTFPs represent to households and to compare this with other land use options.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A ação coletiva de agricultores integrados à agroindústria de dendê na Associação dos Moradores e Agricultores Familiares da Região do Igarapé-Açu de Baixo, em Irituia - Pará.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-11-17) OLIVEIRA, Khety Elane Holanda de; SCHMITZ, Heribert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2294519993210835In this study, I analyze the performance of the common partners and the board of directors of the Association of Residents and Family Farmers of Igarapé-Açu de Baixo (Amafib), in the municipality of Irituia, Pará, in proposals related to collective action with its partners, the Central Social Organizations Between the Rivers Guamá and Capim (Consergc) and the multinational company Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) in the context of the integration of family agriculture to the agro-industry of palm. The methodology consisted of a case study with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The following were carried out: direct observation of meetings and work activities of the partners; non-directive and semi structured interviews between August 2019 and February 2020; and review of pertinent literature, prioritizing the categories collective action, associativism and productive integration. The results show that Amafib's actions with its partners have been favorable to the members of the association. In the cooperation with Consergc, several demands have been reached, such as the suitability of weighing the fruits for the digital balance, the sale of fertilizers by the company itself, the increase in the price paid for the palm oil and the marketing of tools through collective purchase. In a scenario of negotiations between the parties for the common good, Consergc has a leading role in the collective action and contributed to the good progress of the projects.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Ação coletiva na criação e gestão do projeto de assentamento Paulo Fonteles em Mosqueiro, Belém – Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-08-27) PANTOJA, Rosiane Cristina Pimentel; SCHMITZ, Heribert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2294519993210835The research presented aims at studying the forms of organization for cooperation in the creation and management of Settlement Project Paulo Fonteles in Mosqueiro, Belém - Pará. For this case study, we used a qualitative approach from the application interviews with semi-structured questionnaire. The research problem grounded both in theories of social movements, with discussions of social events, as the French School of Sociology of Organizations with discussions of the organizations and the centrality of power. Restlessness is understand how social groups influence the forms of cooperation for the creation and management of the Settlement Project Paulo Fonteles. It is observed that social movements have been the intermediary of collective action in the struggle for agrarian reform, becoming references of continuity of struggles and ensuring the mobilization of families for collective action. The common goal for the conquest of the land is what secured the commitment and cooperation for the occupation of the settlement. But the conquest of the land reflects a multifaceted reality, because families have different prospects as housing, production, employment, among others. The increase in the number of settlements and the increased production questioned the need for agrarian reform as a policy for rural development. The MST, reaffirming that public policy, has proposed new forms of organization of settlements, called "commune land". These settlements are located close to metropolitan areas, in order to serve the population of these suburbs, which demand for land for housing and employment. These new settlements are aimed at the incorporation of urban infrastructure to facilitate the production and market relations. For the proposal to be successful, cooperation becomes a central theme. Thus, the settlement, is observed that cooperation takes place at different levels because there is no settlement without cooperation, much less groups that do not have membership. Therefore, the largest membership and engagement are located in the rules of power, with more or less the same centrality. Thus, we identified that while the association has the president the centralization of power, the group's collective 'mutirão' (local organization) has a balanced management, leading to greater involvement of families to the cooperation of the management of the settlement Paulo Fonteles.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Ação coletiva sob influência da dendeicultura: um estudo de caso sobre a Central das Organizações Sociais entre os rios Guamá e Capim (CONSERGC)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019) BALIEIRO, Marciclei Lopes; SCHMITZ, HeribertI analyze the experience of formal organization of family farmers integrated with oil palm in the Central of Social Organizations between the Guamá and Capim Rivers (CONSERGC). The central category of research is collective action in rural areas. I use Mancur Olson's theory of economics and the contributions of the French school of sociology of organizations to understand how cooperation is being built from the actions of the actors involved. The participation and management categories also stand out during the project, which is why I highlight the process of building self-management. Data were collected between June 2017 and February 2019, using a script, the methodology was based mainly on open interviews with the application of a semi-structured questionnaire and direct observation. I also conducted a literature review on the theme addressed in this work and did a documentary research with relevant data on the object of study. I present the context in which CONSERGC was proposed and created. I identify and characterize how the mobilization of farmers and leaders took place based on the performance of organizations such as the local STTRs, FETAGRI and, above all, the ADM company for integration in the oil palm project and for the organization as an association. Despite the difficulties that accompany the trajectory of the formal organization in the Northeast of Pará (credit, technical assistance, income, management, among others), the initiative is seen by most farmers as an opportunity. The possibility of organizing production, accessing some financing or project and improving family income were pointed out by the interviewees as important factors for engaging in associations. The organization presents difficulties that were identified in the research, among them: the lack of resources to develop its economic, social and logistical activities to gather members. However, the data showed that for the short time that CONSERGC has existed, the organization's associative proposal is in promising development. This finding makes reference: the performance of its board and its leaders, who have found solutions to the recurring difficulties; the trust of associates in their managers and the good level of participation of associates in meetings and meetings that, even by representation, assume an important role in the organization's operating strategies. The participation and construction of the action based on game of interests, they were negotiated within the organization and have been important for the continuity of the collective action analyzed here. Among the results of the research clipping, it is concluded that the interest of Integrated Associations in affiliating with a Central of Associations is related, in principle, to the mobilization and incentive given by ADM company for the creation of organizations. Subsequently, CONSERGC was seen by the associates as a facilitator of the dialogue with the company and, among the advantages, a means to obtain improvements in the integration contract. Empirical data revealed that few farmers read the contract in its entirety and, through CONSERGC's performance, they are being able to review some contractual clauses of paramount importance to their interests within the palm project such as in relation to price and price. weight of the product, these being the items most cited by the integrated. Despite being a specific case study, this work can cItem Acesso aberto (Open Access) Agricultores familiares no Município de Igarapé-Açu: estudo da participação em processos de desenvolvimento local sustentável(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-07-17) ATAÍDE, Tonildes Lisboa de; CONCEIÇÃO, Maria de Fátima Carneiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7985394500952978Researched the performance of sustainable local development projects implemented in the Municipality of Igarapé-Acu, Para State, from November 2000 to February 2005, to evaluate the contribution of these projects to strengthen the participation of family farmers involved. For this we examined the following experiences: Project BNDES - Local Development UNDP Technical Cooperation, Project Integrated and Sustainable Local Development - DLIS-coordinated by SEBRAE, and Local Development Project, coordinated by the Federal Rural University of Amazonia - UFRA. In this paper we understand participation as an act of conquest and self-promotion of the individuals involved that are appearing as protagonists in their stories. The assumption is that experiences little examined strengthened the participation process understood according to the concept adopted here, frustrating even the original proposals of projects. To verify this hypothesis we used as a methodological procedure participant observation, in the case of a project coordinated by UFRA, which is ongoing. For this and other cases, we conducted open interviews with the "key informants," such as project coordinators, representatives of partner institutions and community leaders. We also use semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis of files, as well as analyzing the relationship between theory and practice for the experiences. The research showed a gap between the theoretical proposal of the project and its practical development. There are projects in which the participation of farmers was hampered by poor socialization and understanding of the proposal and the lack of transparency in the application of resources, lack of sense of belonging by beneficiaries; training and inefficient. In the case where the decision-making capacity of farmers was better stimulated, a greater ownership of the process of local development and a trend to a more active and conscious participation of farmersItem Acesso aberto (Open Access) Agrobiodiversidade, conhecimentos e práticas tradicionais sobre plantas alimentícias na comunidade quilombola do Jacarequara, Santa Luzia do Pará, Nordeste Paraense(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-09) ALVES, Ellem Suane Ferreira; FITA, Didac Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4290251127696280The present study analyzes the role of agrobiodiversity and traditional knowledge and practices related to food plants and how they influence the promotion of food and nutrition sovereignty and security (SSAN) in the quilombola community of Jacarequara, in Santa Luzia do Pará, Pará. For that, methods were used, with observation techniques, semi-structured interviews, participants, guided tour and free list. The data obtained were tabulated and systematized to proceed with data triangulation, in addition to calculating the citation frequency and the Cognitive Salience Index (ISC) of the food plants inventoried. The results showed that productive practices such as the cultivation of homegardens, the extractivism of açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru Mart.), fishing and hunting are the food base and a means of income generation. Important traditional knowledge is linked to these practices, where knowledge is built by the constant exchange between the quilombolas, across generations, and has as its core the dynamics of the natural environment that surrounds them. It was observed that seasonality influences the productive dynamics and the agricultural calendar of the community, always considering the relationship between the quilombolas and nature. The botanical inventory cataloged 140 food ethnospecies, with emphasis on the families Euphorbiaceae (27), Arecaceae (12), Musaceae (10) and Rutaceae (9). Among the food plants with the highest ISC, açaí, banana (Musa paradisiaca L.), mandioca/macaxeira (Manihot esculenta Crantz), coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), acerola (Malpighia glabra L.), bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.) and orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbe). Twenty-seven ethnovarieties of M. esculenta were cataloged, demonstrating its fundamental importance for the diet of the quilombolas, being composed of manioc and tapioca flour, beiju, manicueira, tucupi, among other foods. However, the advance of pasture areas on farms around the community and adherence to food habits outside the community imposed by capitalism, marked by the increase in consumption of processed foods mainly by children and young quilombolas, reflects changes and risks to food. These factors lead to a new food reality, which can also interfere with their permanence in the quilombo, income generation, respect for the quilombola way of life and the appreciation of traditional knowledge and practices existing and maintained there.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Agroextrativismo: sustentabilidade e estratégias produtivas na Reserva Extrativista do Rio Cajari, sul do Amapá(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004) BENJAMIM, Aldrin Mário da Silva; SIMONIAN, Ligia Terezinha Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6620574987436911; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6690-7244The creation of the Extractive Reserves, in the beginning of the decade that started in 1990, arises as an alternative of administration of forest resources in the Units of Conservation (UC). Centered as a principle of the coadministration between the State and the resident traditional populations, these Reserves defense, economic and social viability depends in a large part on the local organization of the agroextractivists. However, in spite of the enormous potential of economical exploration of forest products, as the Amazon nuts (Bertholletia excelsa) and the açai (Euterpe oleraceae Mart.), of the strong agricultural tradition and of the hunting and fishing's many possibilities, multiple difficulties persist inside the Extractive Reserves Cajari River (Amapa). The conception of the Sustainable Development and the little production regarding the traditional populations in areas of such Reserves constituted the decisive factors to the beginning of this research. In this way, the study the about the Agroextractivism: sustainability and strategies in the Extractive Reserves Cajari River, south of Amapa tries to identify the evolution and the strategies of the productive base of the population who live in this UC, in the areas of high and low Cajari, in an attempt of revealing the rationality of the local agroextractivism. Therefore, it is expected to evidence the dimension of the change process resulting from the Reserve policies associated with the social movements, with implications in the environmental, social and economic fields.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) “A água ficou presa pra lá”: transformações socioambientais a jusante da barragem de Tucuruí/PA.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-10-18) HOLANDA, Bianca da Silva; MARTINS, Paulo Fernando da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3223618156268542; SANTOS, Sônia Maria Simões Barbosa Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2136454393021407This dissertation treats about the memory of socioenvironmental transformations from what the riverisde peasents, register as changes, concerning to the fishing territory and the mapará consumption. I use as theorical references the social memory and the biocultural memory, associated to the concept of environmental disaster taking into account the man-nature principle. The work was realized in three riverside communities of Saracá island, municipality of Limoeiro do Ajuru, Pará state. Located in the downstream region of the hydroelectric dam of Tucuruí, near of the mouth of Tocantins river. The work analyzes how the socioenvironmental transformations ocassioned by the Tocantins river dam disaster, reverbarate in the way of life and in the social reproduction of the riverside. Also it seeks to understand and describe the relation of the men with the fishes and their interactions with the environment. The research was realized with a qualitative approach based in the participant observation, and were made semi-structured informal interviews. The work considers that the damages are irreparable, the Tocantins river dam disrupted the aquatic ecosystems of the region, causing the reduction of the abundance and the diversity of fishes, affecting directly the way of life of the riverside populations. Even with shortage of fishing resources, the collective fishing of mapará’s borqueio, remais with an importance, not just economic, but symbolic and cultural. The knowledge involved in this activity is the result of the everyday and the experience of the fisher, natural observer of the river and the fishes.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise sistêmica da biodiversidade de sistemas agroflorestais (SAF) de agricultores familiares em Tomé Açu, PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-03-30) OLIVEIRA NETO, Mário Morais; GERARD, Blanc Lilian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0310835136618539; ALVES, Lívia de Freitas Navegantes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337509239539346This research followed the principles of two sciences for the elaboration of this dissertation: a forest ecology and a systemic approach. Seeking to integrate the complexity of family farmers with the richness and floristic diversity of SAF. Aiming, in general, to analyze, from a systemic approach, as possibilities of balance between ecological and socioeconomic factors of Agroforestry Systems (SAF) of family families from Tomé Açu, PA. Thus generating two chapters in the form of a scientific article with the following objectives: to examine the socioeconomic factors that influence the floristic diversity of agroforestry systems (SAF) of family families in the municipality of Tomé-Açu, PA; and analyze how family farmers' practices are able to favor the diversity and floristic richness of agroforestry systems in Tomé Açu, PA. The existence of outlier farmers was found in the correlation analysis, which they are, demonstrated the possibility of a system with high floristic diversity and that is profitable for them. The differential for these farmers reached such a resource that it was reached with a high number of spontaneous species (natural regeneration), but with an even greater number of fruit species for the supri-financial power. A different type of SAF was found, different from the others, called SAF with corridors of natural regeneration. It demonstrates a possibility of a balance between ecological and socioeconomic factors. For, even though it is a highly rich and diverse SAF, in floristic terms, it also provides the means of economic resilience for family members. Thus, the SAF with natural regeneration brokers is recommended for other family farmers who live in situations similar to those used here.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Artropodofauna associada a diferentes sistemas de cultivo de açaizeiro no nordeste paraense(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-31) RIBEIRO, Suelem Moreira; LEMOS, Walkymário de Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6841621785311887The açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is an important crop for Pará agribusiness for reaching new consumer markets in Brazil and in different countries. However, the growing commercial expansion that açaí has shown in recent years has reflected also in the significant increase in its acreage, which may result in the incidence of insect pests associated with these agroecosystems, thus requiring research actions focused on the alternative management and control of these biotic constraints. Simultaneously, new models of fruit crops have been tested successfully in the state of Pará, highlighting, among them, Agroforestry Systems (AFSs), aimed at increasing the number of crops (annual, permanent and / or forestry) implanted in an area. Among the benefits of AFSs stands out for its potential to maintain and multiply diversified beneficial entomofauna when compared to monocultures. Therefore, this study aimed to understand and compare the biodiversity of arthropods associated with the açaí palm in different cropping systems of the family farm in the northeast of Pará. It was analyzed three areas, two AFSs areas that had açaí palm as one of the main crops in the Marapanim town and an area of açaí monoculture, in the Igarapé-Açu town. In each area were implanted 45 Pitfall traps, which were equally distributed in three subareas: (a) near the açaí palm plants inside the plantation; (b) in the secondary forest around the crops; and (c) in the transition area between cultivation and secondary forest. Samples were collected into four distinct periods, one in the rainy season (CH), a transition period between the rainy and dry (CH / SE), one in the dry season (SE) and another collection corresponding to the transition period between dry and rainy (SE / CH). The insects biodiversity assessments were made in the soil (Pitfall traps). Arthropods (insect pests and natural enemies and spiders) collected in the field were stored in plastic containers (150 mL) containing 70% alcohol, and transported to the Entomology Laboratory of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, where they were sorted, quantified and identified taxonomically . It was concluded that the periods of the year that most favor the presence of soil arthropods, regardless of crop fields, are the transition periods CH / SE and SE / CH. There was also a reduction in the population of ants in the three areas of secondary forest analyzed, and the gender Solenopsis (Westwood), Wasmannia (Forel) and Azteca (Forel) the most frequent in these areas. The area with açaí monoculture has a higher abundance of ants than the two AFSs analyzed. The spider family Lycosidae was found most frequently in this study, with the most abundant being Pacovosa gender. Agroforestry systems, if properly managed, form conducive environment for the arthropods species diversity like spiders and ants, which are admittedly efficient organisms in natural control of insect pests in crops. Transition periods grouped more individuals, followed by AFS area located in the Marapanim town, which represents the area most changed among the analyzed areas. Secondary forests are areas with smaller grouping of individuals and smaller gender diversity of ants and spiders.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A atuação da associação dos usuários da Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Tracuateua (PA) diante de conflitos sociais relacionados ao uso dos recursos naturais(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-30) RODRIGUES, Monique Rocha; SCHMITZ, Heribert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2294519993210835Extractive Reserves (Resex) are territories of common use destined to the conservation of natural resources, culture and means of life of traditional people. The regulation of the use of these areas is done through shared management between the public administration and administration of traditional peoples with participatory principles. For the implementation of the new management model (comanagement), the User Associations are created as representatives of the traditional people. The present research was elaborated with the proposal to contribute with the construction of sociological scientific knowledge, referring to the action of the Association of Users of the Marine Extractive Reserve of Traucateua (Auremat) in the face of social conflicts related to the management of natural resources. As recurrent and specific conflicts in Marine Extractive Reserves (REM) I chose to develop a study of the conflict caused by the practices: "marrecas fishing", creation of loose buffaloes and use of "thin mesh" for fishing. Such conflicts occur among groups of users: those who practice them and those who feel harmed by these activities. The investigated conflicts occur mainly in areas of flooded fields and in the surroundings of the rivers, situated in the area surrounding Resex. The data collection was done using the qualitative approach in three communities (Cocal, Santa Maria and Santa Tereza), chosen from the zoning made by the Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) and nominations of members of the board of directors of Auremat as conflicting. The research was divided in two stages, being carried out 5 incursions in the field. The following were conducted: secondary data collection, literature searches referring to the researched topic, observations and 41 interviews (39 with agroextrativistas users of Resex and 2 with Environmental Analysts of ICMBio). Even without the approval of the Management Plan (PM), it was verified that Auremat acts in the face of social conflicts related to the use of natural resources researched through meetings and environmental journeys in the areas surrounding the Resex where the users reside, promoting awareness on the problematic activities, assisting in the reporting of complaints to the competent bodies, in addition to developing other works aimed at improving the life of users. During the research, the difficulties to act were also observed of the agroextractivists who are members of the association, these are due to the insufficiency of associated users who are up to date with the payment of the fixed rate, causing a lack of resources. Currently the users association seeks attract productive projects and carries out activities, both destined to the users of the Reserve, with the support of international resources coming from the Tracuateua Project, which also takes on great importance for the training of agroextractivists for bureaucratic burdens of the association.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Bem viver vivido, conquistado e almejado: um estudo sobre comunidades tradicionais que lutam por reconhecimento territorial na Baixada Maranhense(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-29) BRITO, Ciro de Souza; SHIRAISHI NETO, Joaquim; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1945327707689415; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3982338546545478The notion of buen vivir emerges inspired by the knowledge emanating from the ways of life of indigenous peoples of Latin America, being presented by academics and militants as an alternative to the models of achievement of the State based on the hegemonic proposals of development. Since its incorporation into the constitutional order of Bolivia and Ecuador, on the basis of this notion, nature has been elevated to the position of subject of rights, historically occupied only by human beings. In this notion, there is an intrinsic relation between human beings and nature, and a strong linkage of traditional peoples and communities to their territories. In this sense, this dissertation sought to analyze the notion of buen vivir in the light of a land regularization case for traditional peoples and communities in Brazil. It is a claim for regularization as a quilombo by traditional communities of the Sesmaria do Jardim Territory, in the Baixada Maranhense, an area of natural fields that are composed of dry lands and wetlands inserted in the Environmental Protection Area of Baixada Maranhense, which is considered a site under the Ramsar Convention. The research was carried out based on a critical review of the literature in the light of observed and participated empirical processes and by means of action research with the communities involved and with the land agency that formalizes the process of land regularization. The work has a juridical and anthropological approach, has a qualitative character and was carried out from July 2016 to January 2018, with field work in the villages and in the Institute of Colonization and Lands of Maranhão. It was identified a complex link between the process and the form of land regularization with the notion of buen vivir, given the diversity of traditional groups in situation of conflict in common territory. It was learned that, on the same territory, there are groups with different conceptions on how to live on shared lands and water bodies: while self-identified Quilombolas conceive the notion of buen vivir based on commons, while others reject this notion and its consequences. These antagonists, even those with shared ancestrality, do not share the notion of buen vivir based on common use of certain components of nature, because their practices and forms of private appropriation of nature disqualify and are incompatible with this notion. This creates conflicts that have forced traditional communities to mobilize in the face of violations of rights and to find solutions that will allow them to recover the so called time of buen vivir and to guarantee their right to land - dry and flooded lands - that allows their physical and social reproduction. The case investigated showed that buen vivir is constructed from the articulation of specific territorialities, in which distinct conceptions and forms of appropriation of nature can be responsible for breaking the cohesion of community and territory, although the traditional communities can cope with certain degree of dissent based on the right to difference. The study also shows that buen vivir has being built at daily basis, through social and juridical practices that embrace resistance as current practice and freedom as a desired stage. However, buen vivir, in the discourse, is viewed as a potential better future. The research aims to problematize and better qualify who and in what situation subjects have rights to have which rights and the effectiveness of that issue. This dissertation is, therefore, a reading and a reflection about social and localized processes as emerging alternatives for the attainment of lived, participated and conquered buen vivir.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Beneficiamento e comercialização dos produtos dos sistemas agroflorestais na Amazônia, Comunidade Santa Luzia, Tomé - Açu, Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-31) COUTO, Maria Cristina de Moraes; KATO, Osvaldo Ryohei; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4241891652832872In Santa Luzia community, in the municipality of Tomé-Açu, as in the Northeast Pará, there is nowadays a process of change among crops, involving slash and burn systems in the pasture establishment or subsistence crops, for the implementation of agroforestry systems, as a way to diversify production and get better income and new ways to market their organic products. As the marketing and processing of production are considered obstacles in family farming, this research identifies and analyzes the importance of the organization in these processes in Santa Luzia community through the characterization of the association, describing and evaluating the processing and the marketing of the household production, determining the economic, social and environmental changes in the community to add value to the products of agroforestry systems. Visits were conducted with questionnaires to all members of the association, forming a sample of 21 production units, allowing a socio-economic study on the family units, in addition to using descriptive statistical methods and multivariate statistics through factorial analysis and Cluster Analysis, which allowed us to evaluate the size of the data in relation to the variables that determine the agroforestry systems and the marketing process. The results indicate that 95% of the families interviewed have agroforestry systems with a large crops diversification and 95% perform some kind of processing in their products (71% of the production),which provided new market opportunities and better prices, obtaining an average annual revenue of R$ 22.241,35, ensuring them, better economic and social conditions, which allows us to conclude that the organization and production agroindustrialization promoted better marketing and higher production income in the community of Santa Luzia.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Bicho, cura e magia! Práticas culturais e conhecimentos tradicionais na reserva extrativista Mapuá (Ilha do Marajó, Pará): uma perspectiva etnozoológica(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-04) JACINTO, Felipe Oliveira; BARROS, Flávio Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4706140805254262This dissertation presents an ethnographic study about the reunion of knowledge and cultural practices of the agroextractivists from Mapua Extractivist Reservation in Marajó Island, Pará State, Brazil. The principal aim was to describe and analyze the knowledge concerning traditional medicine, focusing on the medicinal uses of faunistic local resources. Participant observation and semi-structured interviews were the main methods used. The research documented the medical uses of 59 species of animals, as well the distinct categories of medical fauna attribution, such as remedies for physical diseases, spiritual diseases, and for hunters. We also discussed the symbolic attributions of the fauna, which is demonstrated as typically Amazonian worldview that appears indistinctly between the domains of nature and culture. The results present more than list of “animals” and their respective uses in local healing, but a rich biocultural patrimony involving social life, the natural world and cosmological life governed by the same categories. The present work highlights the importance of documenting the forest folk wisdom, regarding strategies to solve health problems based on the access to animals useful to humans.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Camponeses, agrotóxicos e agroindústria de dendê no Estado do Pará: um estudo a partir de São Vicente(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016) CHAVES, Genisson Paes; FURTADO, Lourdes Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1828475659148260; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5243-4607; SANTOS, Sônia Maria Simões Barbosa Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2136454393021407In this masters thesis, I seek to understand how, and through which social constructs, a peasant society in Amazonia – “integrated” into an agro-industrial initiative involving the dendê palm — reads chemical pesticides and herbicides used in the dendê system, as well as in other activities. Research used “Risk and Culture” by Douglas and Wildavsky (2012) as a theoretical base, in addition to other studies on the use of agricultural chemical inputs by peasant groups in other contexts. Research is based on a case study conducted in the village of São Vicente, located the northeastern portion of Pará state in Moju county, where farmers’ crops are integrated into Agropalm’s operations. I analyzed the types of inputs used in this community, who uses them, how they are applied, how they are understood and integrated into local systems of classification. Results indicate that pesticides and herbicides are: a) identified as poison or chemicals; b) that in the past, they were not used by this peasant society; c) they were first applied to dendê and then used in other activities; d) they enter into the local classification system as something dangerous and damaging to one’s health; for example, they remain in the air and “walk” on land and into streams; e) finally, that while a discourse giving value to rules for the supposed safe use of these substances exist, these guidelines are not universal and for the most part are not followed.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Captação, tratamento e usos da água em comunidades rurais do município de Igarapé-Açu/Pa(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016) SOUSA, Rafaela Sales de; GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4262726973211880The Amazon region of Brazil is wide world renowned for its biodiversity and vast watershed. Despite the abundance of water resources, the region has limitations to access the tools, inherent to a proper management of water use, instituted by public policies, especially in rural areas. By this perspective, it is proposed the study of catchment, treatment and water use in rural communities in the municipality of Igarapé Acu-PA. The objective of this study is to describe how the rural population, located in the watershed of the Igarapé Cumaru, captures, treats and uses water, anchoring on the public policies for this theme. This study is structured in three papers, which describes the catchment practices, treatment and water use and its relation with public policies and norms at the federal, state and municipal scales. The survey was also worried to register how the rural population has managed this resource, describing the uses and abuses of water by the community. It is noteworthy that the three articles are grounded in data collected in the field and in the relevant literature about the theme of study. Therefore, the field research was done with use of tools such as participant observation, scripts, closed questionnaires and open interviews. Data revealed that in the municipality there is no water treatment station, with only the distribution, by the health department, of sodium hypochlorite. But most farmers (100% São José, 72% Cumaru), despite receiving the product does not make use, on the argument that interferes in the water taste. It was also found that the supply microsystems need metering valves. It is highlighted, finally, that there is in the municipality, a limitation in the execution of what regulates the public policies, however, the rural population ─ spatially dispersed, with different needs of water resources ─ should be considered in context.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Crédito e pecuária bovina leiteira em assentamentos da reforma agrária em Marabá-Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-02-29) PEREIRA, Taynã Zandely da Silva; MARTINS, Paulo Fernando da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3223618156268542The agrarian changes occurred in the Amazon region after the settlements and programs creation to support family farmers deserve to be addressed, especially the implications they have in the expansion of pastures and increased deforestation on the one hand, and the expectation that these changes may influence farmers to stay in the same area keeping their production systems. This work presents research results of two settlements of Agrarian Reform located in the town of Maraba-Para at different historical contexts. Relationships between rural credits, implantation of pasture and cattle activity were analyzes. It also evaluates the current situation and prospects of farmers who develop this activity remain on their lots. Uses observation in loco, surveys and interweaver and statistical comparisons to compare groups of establishments with and without credit, with or without the sale of milk, and to assess the differences between indicators of deployment pasture and livestock activities to identify which variables best justify the progress of implementation of pastures as well as of production, productivity and the sale of milk. The increase of pastures implantation is more closely linked to size farm and the time elapsed from first implantation of pasture and less of the credit, but milk production is higher when credit is present. The expansion of livestock by establishment of agrarian reform is hampered by the extensive form of development of this activity, which weakens the perspective of farmers remain on their lots with implications with advancement upon new forested areas and the rural exodus.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Cultivando autonomia: análise da socioeconomia e agrobiodiversidade no quilombo de Providência, Salvaterra, Ilha do Marajó/PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-06-15) LEÃO, Victor Miranda; STEWARD, Angela May; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6123114287861055Traditional Quilombola communities have strategies for maintaining their way of life and reinforcing their cultural identity through traditional productive practices. This study sought to investigate the role of agrobiodiversity in economic and food strategies, recording the traditional knowledge and practices associated with it, as well as its relationship with food sovereignty in the Quilombola community of Providência, Salvaterra, Marajó, Pará state, Brazil. Methodologically, the research took place over sixty days in the months of February, May, July and November of 2019, being authorized by local leaders and the other residents through the signing of the Informed Consent Form. Later interviews were conducted with household representatives, with selection occurring through non-probabilistic sampling. Non-directive interviews were carried out and semi-structured questionnaires were applied with questions on socioeconomic, productive and food aspects, along with participant observation. Data were organized into Microsoft Excel spreadsheets for graphical optimization and, subsequently, diversity and diversity indexes were calculated, along with cultural salience and the community's food profile. Research with 11 heads of household showed that the local productive practices are strongly linked to local religious and food customs and that traditional activities, such as farming, extraction, fishing and animal husbandry, contribute to family income, which is mainly comes from state social benefits. Thus, we can conclude that traditional productive practices are directly related to the local Quilombola culture developed in part through agrobiodiversity, also expressed in faith, religiosity, historical heritage, as well as in daily life and in group's food preferences.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Cultivando sonhos: a Escola Nacional de Formação da CONTAG no Estado do Pará, Brasil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-15) PRAZERES, Maria de Jesus Corrêa dos; ASSIS, William Santos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0188412611746531; GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4262726973211880The present research aimed to analyze the training processes developed by ENFOC in the State of Pará and its interference in trade union practices. In this, priority was the Case Study, focusing on the qualitative approach. In the study, there were no fundamental concerns with the processing and quantification of statistical data in terms of numerical representation. The time frame was 2006-2013, during which the ENFOC expanded in the state, becoming a reference in the Brazilian labor scenario by introducing the "Pedagogical Days" as teaching methodology, and has been a pioneer in conducting Regional, Micro-Regional and Municipal Courses. It is based on historical documents and interviews with different actors that integrate the MSTTR. 15 interviews were conducted. Considering the reflections promoted by this school in regard of changes of union practices that are inconsistent with the struggle of the movement, there was the question of what would be the interferences of the formation processes developed by ENFOC in the practices of those who are part of the MSTTR of the State of Pará, focusing on the democratization of trade union spaces and the renewal of leadership. The survey showed that this school introduced debates that are directly linked to their practices and actions, leading to a contribution to a change in trade union organizations to increase the participation of rural workers in the deliberative and consultative bodies of the movement, as well as motivating the renewal of managers and leaders in trade union organizations both at the municipal and state levels, and, above all, was an indicator of the change and the strengthening the union base. There is evidence of positivity and limitation elements of this school in the state. Finally, there is a presentation of new issues to be considered and reflected by the unionsItem Acesso aberto (Open Access) Da casa da família à casa da escola: dimensões de gênero na experiência educativa em alternância no Município de Cametá - Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-03-28) SILVA, Márcia Cristina Lopes e; MOTA, Dalva Maria da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4129724001987611Studies about the Rural Education with the focus in the Alternation Pedagogy have been appealing in the several reflections of authors in Brazil and in Pará. However, it becomes necessary to throw a glance on the daily of male and female students in the “Casas Familiares Rurais”, where the peculiarities of the “Casa Familiar Rural de Cametá - Pará (CFRC)” it deserved attention in that thesis, whose main objective is to analyze the gender relationships in CFRC and in the family establishment through the division of the work accomplished in these two spaces. The hypothesis is that the formation received by men and women in CFRC it reinforces the division of the work exercised in your families in that heavy activity is attributed to men and the light activity is attributed to women. For that analysis was used the theoretical and field research being privileged the case study. The principal procedures used were questionnaire, observation and occasional chats. The sample was constituted regularly by students enrolled; drop-out or that they already finished the course, as well as, theirs families. The conclusions show that in the ambit of the family relationships, the house is the woman's space and rubbed is the man’s space. Those relationships are reproduced in the activities of field of the school. In spite of the existence of that differentiated relationship, in the activities of cleaning of the school facilities it happens a process of mutual help, showing that of the House of the family to the house of the school the gender dimensions assume other perspectives in the multiple spaces that are frequented by male and female students in the locus of the research.
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