Dissertações em Agriculturas Amazônicas (Mestrado) - PPGAA/INEAF
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2307
O Mestrado em Agriculturas Amazônicas teve início em 1996 anteriormente Curso de Mestrado em Agriculturas Familiares e Desenvolvimento Sustentável e reconhecido em 2000 pela CAPES e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agriculturas Amazônicas (PPGAA) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). É um curso interinstitucional, sendo sua oferta responsabilidade do Instituto Amazônico de Agriculturas Familiares - INEAF da UFPA e da EMBRAPA/CPATU – Amazônia Oriental.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A atuação da associação dos usuários da Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Tracuateua (PA) diante de conflitos sociais relacionados ao uso dos recursos naturais(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-30) RODRIGUES, Monique Rocha; SCHMITZ, Heribert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2294519993210835Extractive Reserves (Resex) are territories of common use destined to the conservation of natural resources, culture and means of life of traditional people. The regulation of the use of these areas is done through shared management between the public administration and administration of traditional peoples with participatory principles. For the implementation of the new management model (comanagement), the User Associations are created as representatives of the traditional people. The present research was elaborated with the proposal to contribute with the construction of sociological scientific knowledge, referring to the action of the Association of Users of the Marine Extractive Reserve of Traucateua (Auremat) in the face of social conflicts related to the management of natural resources. As recurrent and specific conflicts in Marine Extractive Reserves (REM) I chose to develop a study of the conflict caused by the practices: "marrecas fishing", creation of loose buffaloes and use of "thin mesh" for fishing. Such conflicts occur among groups of users: those who practice them and those who feel harmed by these activities. The investigated conflicts occur mainly in areas of flooded fields and in the surroundings of the rivers, situated in the area surrounding Resex. The data collection was done using the qualitative approach in three communities (Cocal, Santa Maria and Santa Tereza), chosen from the zoning made by the Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) and nominations of members of the board of directors of Auremat as conflicting. The research was divided in two stages, being carried out 5 incursions in the field. The following were conducted: secondary data collection, literature searches referring to the researched topic, observations and 41 interviews (39 with agroextrativistas users of Resex and 2 with Environmental Analysts of ICMBio). Even without the approval of the Management Plan (PM), it was verified that Auremat acts in the face of social conflicts related to the use of natural resources researched through meetings and environmental journeys in the areas surrounding the Resex where the users reside, promoting awareness on the problematic activities, assisting in the reporting of complaints to the competent bodies, in addition to developing other works aimed at improving the life of users. During the research, the difficulties to act were also observed of the agroextractivists who are members of the association, these are due to the insufficiency of associated users who are up to date with the payment of the fixed rate, causing a lack of resources. Currently the users association seeks attract productive projects and carries out activities, both destined to the users of the Reserve, with the support of international resources coming from the Tracuateua Project, which also takes on great importance for the training of agroextractivists for bureaucratic burdens of the association.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estratégias de famílias agricultoras com enfoque no manejo de bacurizeiros (Platonia insignis Mart.) no nordeste paraense e Marajó(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-20) RODRIGUES, Ercilene de Cássia Ferreira; HOMMA, Alfredo Kingo Oyama; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1026511676619526; KATO, Osvaldo Ryohei; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4241891652832872This research sought to analyze the dynamics and interrelationships between the management of bacurizeiros and the strategies of farming families in Northeast Paraense and Marajó. The choice of the Mesoregions of Northeast Paraense and Marajó as study areas resulted from the current information that they are producing areas that account for the largest supply of bacuri fruit in the state of Pará. To carry out the field survey, an intentional sampling was chosen, considering only family farmers who had bacurizeiros in their establishments and who carried out some type of marketing of the products. A total of 77 questionnaires were applied among the 7 municipalities studied, 57 in the Northeast Mesoregion of Pará and 20 in Marajó. A typology of production systems was carried out, with 4 types: bacuri and roça, bacuri and fruit trees, bacuri and fishing and bacuri and social security. It was found that the production systems with the highest degree of species diversification have the highest potential for income generation and are the ones with the highest agricultural and family income, these are the production systems belonging to the Bacuri and Frutíferas (T2) group, which achieved added value of R$ 23,140.33/year. The main social reproduction strategies practiced by the families interviewed were diversification of production, production for self-consumption and employment in non-agricultural activities. The system for marketing fresh fruit is quite simple, based on the collection of fruit and distributed in the short harvest period. It was found that there is a change in the marketing of fresh fruit for pulp production. The main motivations in the management of bacurizeiros pointed out by the families was the commercialization and beauty of the forest composition. This study showed that some families perform ethnotechnological practices to increase the productivity of the fruit, which are important to recover and value the traditional knowledge and cultural value of these communities. It is also concluded that the management of bacurizeiros is an important family strategy for the maintenance of families in the field and presents growth potential capable of meeting export demand, important for job and local generation.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Experiências de recuperação florestal praticadas por agricultores familiares do Nordeste do Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-28) CARNEIRO, Renan do Vale; ALVES, Lívia de Freitas Navegantes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337509239539346Family farmers in Pará's Northeast traditionally develop forest recovery practices in their lots, and more recently have been adapting them. This research aimed to analyze the experiences that have been carried out by these subjects and understand the major challenges and ongoing processes. Therefore, the research was based on principles of transdisciplinarity and the sys-temic approach, and thus carried out a survey of 60 experiences in four municipalities of the northeastern mesoregion of Pará: Captain Poço, Irituia, Bragança and Tomé-Açu. In the first article, from the realization of a forest recovery typology the peculiarities of these experiences were understood, highlighting the farmers' perceptions and motivations. Thus were found the five main types of forest recovery practiced by the region's family farmers: natural regenera-tion, agroforestry backyard and the three types of agroforestry systems (poorly diversified, diversified and highly diversified). The second article, from field research, spatial analysis and secondary data, verified the integration of the practices that have been carried out by farmers and that possibilized the amplification of forest recovery scales in some specific re-gions, and the public policies that have acted in the region, with greater or less efficiency. The third article analyzes, under a space-time perspective, the diversity of trajectories that involve the processes of forest recovery practiced by family farmers. A pattern was found in the tra-jectories studied, where farmers' production systems initially undergo a process of land use intensification, then reach a crisis peak and, from there, a process of productive diversification begins, in search of the valorization of the already open lands. The results helped to conclude that the forest recovery practiced by family agriculture in the Northeast of Pará has traces of traditional but also innovative practices, thus signaling an ascending scenario of changes. There is also a confluence of motivations, which has encouraged these farmers to develop this type of practice, either through values unique of those subjects or from public performance regarding environmental problems. And so, the local scenario, therefore, inspired by social, environmental and economic paradigms, seems to point new productive paths to the Eastern Amazon.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Formação, transformação e expansão dos quintais agroflorestais de agricultores familiares da Cooperativa D’Irituia, Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-27) SILVA, Sinara Dias; SABLAYROLLES, Maria das Graças Pires; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0250972497887101; KATO, Osvaldo Ryohei; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4241891652832872; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-9227The various problems caused by the cutting and burning process demonstrate how important the soil is for the family farmer, so the use of management practices that enable nutrient cycling through the maintenance of organic matter and soil micro-life are essential. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the process of formation, transformation and expansion of agroforestry yards in family farmers production systems of Cooperative D'Irituia, Pará. To meet this proposal, it was decided to use a methodology based on the theoretical bases of the systemic approach. For this, 23 families of family farmers from the D'Irituia cooperative who have agroforestry yards and five key informants from the main institutions linked to rural dynamics were selected. of the municipality. The methodological tools adopted consisted of historical interviews, secondary data, semi-structured questionnaires, typology and chronicles of the establishments. The results showed the external factors that influenced the formation of agroforestry yards were the credit public policies such as FNO and Proambiente; the Secretary of Agriculture of Irituia and the cooperative D'Irituia itself. The agroforestry yards found in Irituia have a great diversity of species, including fruit and annuals. It is noteworthy that in 74% of the areas where agroforestry yards are currently installed were capoeira areas and 13% in fields. Through the typology it was possible to form two large groups, besides one of the main factors responsible for the transformation and expansion of agroforestry yards is the need to increase production. With the chronicles of the establishments we can observe that the events identified over time was not always the motivating factor of the changes identified within the agricultural establishments, however, it affected the two groups represented here, but differently. Therefore, it can be concluded that the agroforestry systems found today in the municipality of Irituia are of great importance in guaranteeing food sovereignty as well as in the socioeconomic development of these families, besides having an important role in environmental preservation.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Recuperação florestal em açaizais de várzea submetidos ao manejo intensivo no estuário amazônico(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-20) CARVALHO, Rosileia da Costa; ALVES, Lívia de Freitas Navegantes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337509239539346Forest recovery has been a strategy used by riverside of the Amazonian estuary to recover forests heavily anthropized by the intensive exploitation of açaizais. In this work we seek to identify and analyze the emergence of these forest recovery experiences in the municipality of Abaetetuba. In order to study forest recovery in floodplain areas it was necessary to zonate these experiences, which resulted in 38 experiences identified and distributed in the floodplain region. Identifying its characteristics and nature, thus realizing a typology, which composes the first article of this work. In the second article we focus on analyzing the trajectories of these experiences, starting from a detailed study of an establishment for each type found, understanding the decisive historical factors for the differentiation of trajectories, we also analyze the logics of changes of the practices in the management of açaizais, which sometimes occurs the confluence of several logics, triggered by the riverside for decision making. For that it was necessary to conduct retrospective interviews with the families chosen for the detailed study, totalizing 4 families. We also sought to identify the factors that influenced the conformation of the scenario of forest recovery experiences, among them the allocation of credits to encourage the recovery of forest diversity. In the third and last article we seek to understand how the experiences of forest recovery in the areas of açaizais have reflected in the knowledge and practices of the riverside. We find a variety of strategies used in the management of açaizais that incorporate different levels of knowledge, external variables such as the market and technical assistance influence the changes of these practices and knowledge. We find that not always change of knowledge represents practical changes, since the riverine may not have the resources to carry them out. And that the productive strategies can be constituted of traditional knowledge, as well as of new knowledge.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Reforma agrária popular e agroecológica do MST: experiências de assentados do PA abril vermelho, Santa Bárbara-Pa(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-07-31) VILHENA, Luiz Felipe Nazaré; DARNET, Laura Angélica Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3450720474559096Since its formation, the Brazil's Landless Workers Movement (MST in Portuguese) fights for land reform. On national scenario, it is the main campesine organization against “latifundios” (large landed estates), rural workers exploitation, poverty and income concentration in rural areas. It materializes its existence through the method of occupying land for reform. This consolidates how they organize and form the encampments spatialization and territorialization, doing process of "campesinação" (making common urban people into farmers) and "recampesinação" (making urban people who came from rural areas back to being farmers). This works intends to analyze and reflect MST's agro-ecological production strategies for areas previously under monoculture production. The research field was Abril Vermelho settlement in Santa Bárbara-PA. Therefore, we characterized how MST thinks and organizes its proposal for an agro-ecological production and identified along with Abril Vermelho settlers, their production strategies, trying to analyze the MST influence within it. The interdisciplinary methodological approach consisted in theoretical framework from agrarian and social sciences, funded in campesine, social movements and agroecology concepts. The research techniques were indirect documentation and field research with participative observation. The research procedures consisted in historical analysis, production practices characterization, semi-structured interviews, transverse walks and photographical registers on land plots. The research results shows that in Abril Vermelho settlement, the MST agro-ecological proposal has contributed on consolidating organic and sustainable production systems. Thus, in this analysis scale, the agro-ecological basis for MST's Agrarian Reform is indispensable to the construction of an efficient counter-hegemonic production system that values traditional knowledge and autonomy of small farmers.