Teses em Ciência Animal (Doutorado) - PPGCAN/Castanhal
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/4665
O Doutorado em Ciência Animal teve início em 2008, com início da primeira turma em 2009 junto à CAPES/MEC e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal (PPGCAN) do Campus Universitário de Castanhal (CCAST) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) e Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA).
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação da qualidade da água e da sazonalidade no processo produtivo de Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) no município de Curuçá–PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-29) PALHETA, Glauber David Almeida; MELO, Nuno Filipe Alves Correia de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4989238044542736; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081Shrimp production in Amazon has a potential to rise in the next years. Litopenaeus vannamei is a marine species which is starting to be better explored in Para State. This is due to water quality, more precisely to physical, chemical, hydrologic and sanitary water condition, and sediments. We can also mention that the seasonality of region may contribute to adequate condition for L. vannamei production. The accompaniment of water conditions are indispensable to understand how the seasonality could affect the shrimp production in Para State. The management in shrimp farm could be improved with inclusion of statistic in the data from shrimp farm and this technique maybe used to model the parameters during the cultivation and, consequently, improving the production and decreasing the cost. Therefore, the Thesis aimed to evaluate the influence of seasonality in water quality and shrimp growth. To those evaluations, the shrimp production in a commercial farm (Curuçá city, PA) was evaluate during the two cycle found in the region, and the first was from January to April of 2011 (rainy season) and the second was from July to November of 2012 (less rainy season). The farm had four tanks of one hectare of water surface and those thanks were used alternately in both cycles. In general, the seasonality found in Amazon altered the water quality in both cycles, but the shrimp cultivation was not affected. In addition, the production showed to be viable economically in both periods (rainy and less rainy season). There was correlation among rainfall and shrimp production.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Diagnóstico das deficiências de macro e micro minerais em búfalas (Bubalus bubalis) provenientes da Ilha de Marajó, Estado do Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-30) OLIVEIRA, Carlos Magno Chaves; BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1516707357889557This study aimed to evaluate in buffaloes of the Marajó Island serum concentrations and phosphorus in bones, the percentage of ashes and the specific density of the bones, the levels of copper, cobalt, selenium, zinc and iron before and after selective mineral supplementation. For this study, 14 crossbred buffaloes of Murrah and Mediterranean aged between 18 and 36 months were used. The average values of phosphorus, before supplementation, were 5, 68 mg/dl ± 1.18 in serum and 16.53% ± 0.53 in the bones. The percentage of ashes in bones was 59.95% ± 1.96 and the specific bone density was 1,52 g/cm3 ± 0.32, which demonstrates a phosphorus deficiency in animals raised on the island of Marajó. The average copper values were 7.75 ± 1.73 ppm, the cobalt ± 0.17 0.40 ppm, the zinc of 88.01 ± 35.03 ppm, the 0.22 ppm selenium and iron ± 0.12 1395.72 ± 764.74 ppm. These results indicate a deficiency of copper, zinc and selenium, cobalt and appropriate values of excess iron in the liver. After supplementation for a period of seven months the phosphorus values were 6.61 mg / dl in serum ± 0.87 and 16.90 ± 0.56% in the bones. The percentage of ash was 60.30% ± 0.95 and the specific bone density was 1.71 g/cm3 ± 0.21. These values characterize a significant increase in the concentrations of P in blood serum, in the percentage of P in the ashes and on specific bone density (P < 0.05), however there wasn't a significant increase in the percentage of ash. The average increase in the values of P in the bones and the ashes did not reach heights of normality, however 28.6% of the animals had normal serum P values, 50% had normal values of P in the ashes and 64.3% of the animals had specific normal bone density. There was no response to supplementation in relation to the percentage of ash. Regarding micro minerals, after supplementation values were 205.41 ± 80.54 ppm for copper, 0.40 ± 0.22 ppm for cobalt, 75.71 ± 11.74 ppm for zinc, 1.30 ppm ± 1.34 for selenium and 826.48 ± 394.76 ppm for iron, which shows a significant increase (P <0.05) concentrations of copper and selenium and a significant decrease in the amounts of iron (P <0, 05). There was no response to supplementation in relation to the percentage of ashes. Regarding micro minerals, after supplementation values were 205.41 ± 80.54 ppm for copper, 0.40 ± 0.22 ppm for cobalt, 75.71 ± 11.74 ppm for zinc, 1.30 ppm ± 1.34 for selenium and 826.48 ± 394.76 ppm for iron, which shows a significant increase (P <0.05) concentrations of copper and selenium and a significant decrease in the amounts of iron (P <0, 05). There was no recovery of zinc and cobalt concentrations which remained within the normal range. Failure to increased concentrations of zinc in the liver after supplementation may have occurred because of the high concentrations of calcium in Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu used in animal nutrition.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Efeito do cortisol na produção in vitro de embriões bovinos(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-19) ALMEIDA, Nathalia Nogueira da Costa de; MIRANDA, Moysés dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3354029928888919; OHASHI, Otávio Mitio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5547874183666459The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of cortisol in oocyte maturation and bovine embryo culture. In Chapter 1 we analyzed the distribution and location of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by immunocytochemistry in oocytes, cumulus cells, embryonic cells 2-4, 8-16 cell, morula and blastocyst, and was also verified the presence of mRNA (qualitative RT-PCR) for GR in the stages. The results showed that the GR is present in all cells analyzed. In order to verify the functionality GR in preimplantation embryo development, translation of mRNA for GR zygotes was silenced in the RNAi technique, and subsequent embryo development was analyzed. The embryonic development decreased (P <0.05) after silencing of GR mRNA. The presence of GR oocyte and the cumulus cells indicates that these cells are sensitive to the use of CG. Given this, in Chapter 2, the effects of different cortisol concentrations during in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine oocytes and embryonic development, apoptosis rate and gene expression (NRF1, COX, TFAM, GLUT1, FASN and HSP70) were analiyzed. The concentrations of cortisol used were 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg / mL . There was no statistical difference in the number of cells and cleavage rate, but the concentration of 0.1 mg/ml of cortisol increased the blastocyst rate when compared to the control group (without cortisol in IVM) (41 ± 10 versus 21 ± 1.2; p <0.05, respectively). The rate of apoptosis and gene expression in oocytes, cumulus cells and blastocysts was only assessed at a concentration of 0.1 mg / ml of cortisol. There was no statistical difference in the apoptotic index, and not with respect to gene expression in oocytes and cumulus cells for COX genes, NRF1, HSP70 and FASN (p> 0, 05). Regarding embryonic gene expression, only the measurements relative mRNA FASN, GLUT1 and HSP70 were increased in blastocysts treated with 0.1 g/ml during IVM when compared to embryos of the Control group (p <0.05), the other genes showed no change (p> 0.05). In Chapter 3, we investigated the use of cortisol during in vitro culture (IVC) of bovine embryos. As in Chapter 1 was identified GR in all embryonic stages and when the GR expression was silenced and embryonic development was impaired. Thus, in the experiment three different concentrations (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg / mL) of cortisol in IVC and embryonic development was evaluated same parameters of Chapter 2. There was no statistical difference in the embryos treated with cortisol in different concentrations when compared to the control for the parameters analyzed (p> 0.05). The concentration of 0.1 mg/ml was chosen to evaluate other parameters of embryo quality. Thus, IVC embryos with or without 0.1 mg/mL of cortisol, were analyzed for apoptosis rate and gene expression, not being statistically significant difference in any of the analyzes (p> 0.05). After these studies conclude that oocytes and embryos are responsive to GC, and the addition of cortisol in IVM improves oocyte competence, but the supplementation of IVC with cortisol may not have influence on embryo development.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A etnoictiologia de pescadores xikrin da terra indígena Trincheira Bacajá - Pará, Brasil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) CARVALHO JÚNIOR, Jaime Ribeiro; NAKAYAMA, Luiza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3771896759209007; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081This thesis was developed in five villages of the indigenous community Xikrin-Mebêngôkre, which inhabit the Indigenous Land Trincheira Bacajá - ILTB, Pará, Brazil. The overall objective was to analyze by ethnoictiology, the various ecological, cognitive and behavioral aspects of fishermen, aiming to understand the basic interactions that this community has with fish stocks and other elements of the ecosystems in ILTB. With the proper permits, the research was conducted between the months of April 2011 to April 2013, in seven trips to five villages, totaling 153 days. The information was obtained through ethnoictiological and ethnoecological approaches and employing a set of methods related to participatory research. The study included 103 Indians aged 15-84 years and residents of villages: Mrotidjãm; Bakajá; Pytakô; Pat-Kro and Pykayakà. According to the knowledge of Xikrin, the aquatic resources perceived by them in the ngo (water) field and used most often are made up of toe (fish) and they allowed to generate an ethnotaxonomical list consisting of 144 fish species that were grouped into four categories (consumption, commercial, bait and handicrafts) according to the diversity of use in ILTB, with 135 species declared for consumption (94% of total); it is noteworthy that there is overlap among species usages, ie, some fish have multiple functions and are used in different ways, however, the primary function is the protein source, ensuring family livelihood. According to the seasonality, this diversity of fish occurred in at least 26 preferred microhabitats. The waki (screen) mode was used in all seasonal periods and opportunely was built in ILTB an ethnoecological seasonal calendar, which were summarized the close connections of the biotic and abiotic components existing in the region. In these ethnoictiological records of species of cultural importance Xikrin represent the first steps towards understanding the process of use of fish and it is considered that the continuity of this knowledge, sayings and doings Xikrin, acquired over many years and passed by mebengêt (old) are indispensable to the daily life of the entire population speaker and reader of language Mebêngôkre, not only for survival and empowerment of the communities, but also for the intrinsic value of belonging and being Xikrin.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Regulação comportamental em caititus (Pecari tajacu): o efeito da estrutura social na função reprodutiva de fêmeas em cativeiro(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-05-02) SILVA, Suleima do Socorro Bastos da; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896The failure in the fertility of adult female collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) bred in captivity are a restrictive factor for the efficiency of production and needs further investigation. Assess the reproductive function of females reared under intensive rearing system was the objective of this research. Twenty females were monitored in family groups (controls) for 60 days, and experimental groups (female descendants grouped with unrelated males and in the absence of parents), for more 60 days. The agonistic interactions, submission, friendly and sex were recorded three times a week, social dominance was assessed by Elo-rating method and the social preference by frequency of friendly interactions. Blood was collected for measurement of plasma progesterone by solid phase radioimmunoassay and pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound examination. In three of the four control groups, the parents remained in the highest positions in the hierarchy while in the experimental group stage, the female descendants occupied the highest posts. The frequency of received friendly interactions depended on the sex and the condition (H = 142 991 p <0.01) whereas females mothers received, on average, 2.21 times more interactions than other individuals. Males and females received equal frequencies in the experimental groups. The estrus lasted 3.6 ± 1.0 days with progesterone at 1.2 ± 0.6 ng / mL and higher frequency of copulations in the final third of this period. Sexual interactions increased during estrus in females (P = 0.0019) and males (P <0.0009), which intensified their frequency of olfactory inspection. Copulations were recorded in the early pregnancy. All pluriparous females (heavier, older and dominant) showed reproductive activity (cyclicity or pregnancy) while seven nulliparous females had periods of anestrus, short (16 days) or long (60 days) in the control group. In the experimental group all nulliparous and primiparous mated and 14 pups were born, however, only five remained after seven days of life. We demonstrate the presence of the dominance of the parents on the progeny and a mechanism for reproductive inhibition in family groupings. We suggest that nulliparous females of reproductive age are relocated from their original group for groups with unrelated males, ensuring the reproductive potential of creation and access to food, space and other resources generally preferred prioritized by dominant individuals.