Dissertações em Oceanografia (Mestrado) - PPGOC/IG

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/16440

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Agora exibindo 1 - 9 de 9

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Análise multitemporal (1991-2021) da linha de costa (trecho Calçoene - Cabo Norte), costa atlântica do estado do Amapá.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-21) SILVA, Rhuan Rodrigo Pereira e; EL-ROBRINI, Maâmar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5707365981163429; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7850-1217
The coastline (LC) is highly dynamic due to its geographic position adjacent to the mouth of the Amazon River estuary. This region is characterized by meteorological forcings, such as a semihumid equatorial climate, high rainfall (> 2,600 mm. year-1), winds (3 to 9 m. s-1), and extreme events (El Nino - 1997/1998 and 2015/2016; La Nina - 1999/2000 and 2010/2011). It is also influenced by hydrological forcings, including water and solid discharge from the Amazon River (175,000 m³ s-1 and 1,200 Mt. year-1, respectively), and oceanographic forcings, such as hyper-tides (up to 12 m), tidal currents (2 m. s-1), waves (up to 3 m in height), and currents (up to 3 m. s-1). This study aims to analyze the multitemporal variation of the LC between the mouths of the Calçoene and Sucuriju rivers, and at the Maracá-Jipioca Ecological Station, from 1991 to 2021. The methodology includes a literature review, acquisition of LANDSAT satellite images (1991, 2000, 2008, 2014, and 2021), LC vectorization, and the application of DSAS to quantify accretion (m) and erosion areas (m) of the LC, determine retreat and advance rates (m/year and m²/year) between the mouths of the Calçoene and Sucuriju rivers, and create change polygons at the Maracá-Jipioca Ecological Station. The study area experienced predominant erosive dynamics, with an average LC retreat of 12 m. year-1 and 1.4 km² of erosion in the Calçoene-Sucuriju stretch, and 2 km² of erosion at the Maracá-Jipioca Ecological Station with an annual average retreat of approximately 18 m. Due to erosive dynamics, the study area requires special attention from public managers to prevent any type of anthropic interference that could intensify this process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Bacias hidrográficas urbanas : aspectos socioambientais da bacia do Tucunduba, Amazônia, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-15) FIGUEIREDO, Camila de Magalhães e Souza; SOUSA-FELIX, Rosigleyse Corrêa de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1452935151806378; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3769-0792
The Tucunduba Hydrographic Basin (THB) is the second largest basin in the city of Belém, in Pará. It drains four districts of Belém: Marco, Canudos, Terra Firme and Guamá. It is one of the most densely populated areas in the city, with a population of approximately 200,000 inhabitants. This work aims to analyze the socio-environmental conditions of the Tucunduba Basin, based on the macro-environmental elements needed to understand the dynamics of use throughout the basin. The methodological approaches of the research included the application of a questionnaire to the residents of the THB, a calculation based on the local Urban Quality of Life Index (UQLI), a calculation of the Simplified Environmental Impact Index, an estimate of the per capita sewage discharge of the neighborhoods belonging to the THB and an Environmental Impact Assessment of the physical, biotic and anthropic environments in the 3 sections of the macrodrainage project. Based on the results obtained, the IQVU in the Tucunduba Basin is approximately 0.6, i.e. regular. In addition, the results generated through the simplified environmental impact assessment show that the stretches analyzed have considerable environmental impacts (either high or very high). This demonstrates the precariousness of the services offered to the population and highlights the fragility of local urban management. There is therefore an urgent need for integrated management strategies, the evaluation and monitoring of space, and the provision of services that guarantee a good quality of life and the environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de modelo matemático para simulação de transporte de resíduo plástico em estuário amazônico.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05-28) SANTIAGO, Matheus Pamplona; BORBA, Thaís Angélica da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6210073723678433; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8084-3128; ROLLNIC, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585442266149471; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8601-1514
The increasing use of plastics has raised environmental concerns due to the persistence of these materials in marine ecosystems. It is estimated that trillions of pieces of plastic debris are currently in the oceans, with millions of additional tons entering annually through rivers and other terrestrial sources. There is a gap between models of plastic input to the oceans and field observations, indicating the need for more accurate approaches and simulations based on in-situ data. The Amazon Coastal Zone (ACZ) emerges as a hotspot for the accumulation of plastic waste, especially in vegetated areas close to large urban centers. Although several numerical models have been developed for the ACZ, none have addressed the transport of plastic waste to date. This pioneering study implemented the first mathematical simulation for plastic transport in an urban estuary on the Amazon coast, specifically in the Guajará Bay, using the urban river (Tamandaré river) as a release site due to the availability of in-situ data for plastic parameterization. The hydrodynamic model (D-Flow), validated by the LAPMAR environmental modeling group, and the water quality module (D-Waq), were implemented using the Delft-3D software. The results show that Guajará Bay is more sensitive to plastic contamination during the dry period, characterized by slow transport of water masses and a reduced capacity for renewal. In contrast, during the rainy season, the tendency is to export plastics, due to the system's greater capacity for renewal. The residence time of the waters of the Tamandaré River in the bay varies from approximately 8.28 days in the period of greatest discharge to 31.76 days in the period of lowest discharge, allowing us to estimate that the waste released by the Tamandaré can reach the Tropical Atlantic Ocean in a range of 36 to 63 days, depending on the seasonal season. The study concludes that Amazon estuaries dominated by positive asymmetric tides favor the import of waste during periods of lower flow and increase exports during periods of higher flow. Temporary plastic retention zones were observed in both seasonal periods for marginal regions of low energy and atypical morphology, such as the coastline close to the port of Belém (BG1) and the mouth of the Guamá River (RG). These retention zones are intensified in the dry season and attenuated in the rainy season, depending on local hydrodynamic variability. Although the study analyzed the dynamics resulting from the input of plastics in a single ebb tide, it did not consider the continuous flow and potential accumulation of plastics over time. This work represents an important initial step towards improving the understanding and methodology of plastics transport in the ACZ.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem tridimensional da hidrodinâmica e transporte sedimentar de um lago amazônico urbano
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-04-17) CALLADO, Marco Antônio Vieira; ROLLNIC, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585442266149471; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8601-1514
Lakes are critical environments for sustaining human well-being, as they regulate local climate conditions, supply potable water, and underpin a wide range of ecosystem services. The continuous monitoring of these systems is essential for elucidating their metabolic processes and for informing effective management strategies for natural resources. This study aims to develop an environmental diagnosis and prognosis for a shallow Amazonian lake located in an urban area—Lago Água Preta—through the application of a three-dimensional numerical model of hydrodynamics and sediment transport. Numerical simulations were performed using the Delft3D-FLOW model, encompassing the region’s seasonal periods: wet and dry seasons. The simulations were driven meteorological variables and physical parameters of the lake, such as air temperature, humidity, cloud cover, solar radiation, bathymetry, water temperature, current velocity, and the inflow/outflow rates. This comprehensive dataset allowed for the construction of a computational environment capable of accurately representing the hydro-sedimentary processes within the lake Model calibration was performed using a one-month time series of water temperature from February (wet season), while validation was carried out with current data and vertical temperature profiles over four months (December, February, April, and June). The simulations presented good statistical indicators, demonstrating the model's reliability. The greatest discrepancies between simulation and observation occurred at points closer to the urban center. These differences are associated with the influence of anthropogenic activities, such as the discharge of domestic effluents, or with the narrow morphology of the lake in these areas, which can generate thermal shadow zones. The analysis of circulation and temperature patterns between seasonal periods revealed relatively small differences. Notably, there was an average increase of up to 2 °C in water temperature and approximately 0.02 m/s in current velocity during the warmer period. The most significant differences in average temperature occurred in the lake's daily cycle, varying by about 3°C, with a maximum variation of up to 10°C. Since the lake is fed by an artificial water inflow, this inflow is characterized by an intense discharge with a high sediment load. As it is a shallow lake with a maximum depth of up to 4 meters, this discharge is capable of influencing the lake’s entire metabolism by promoting the resuspension of bottom sediments and redistributing nutrients into the water column. Upon entering the lake, the inflow currents are rapidly decelerated, intensifying sedimentation near the inflow point. This process increases water turbidity and alters the local biotic dynamics, resulting in an environment dominated by phytoplankton and prone to eutrophication processes, which consequently reduce water quality. Therefore, based on the diagnosis provided by the modeling of Lago Água Preta, this study highlights the need for ongoing monitoring and control of anthropogenic influences to prevent the progressive degradation of the lake's metabolism. It also underscores the importance of lakes in general, especially when located in urban contexts.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ninhos azuis: o primeiro registro do uso de resíduos plásticos na nidificação de aves na Costa Amazônica, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-21) LOPES, Adrielle Caroline; MARTINELLI FILHO, José Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080628833884538
While extensive research has been conducted on the effects of plastic on marine ecosystems, a gap exists in studies related to terrestrial biota. Research indicates that certain terrestrial animal taxa, such as birds, may be more prone to incorporating plastic debris into their habitats. This study focused on the interaction between Psarocolius decumanus, a common bird species in the Amazon region, and plastic use during nesting. Non-invasive techniques were employed to minimize the impact on nests and bird life. Fallen and abandoned nests were collected, while active nests were photographed and recorded with GPS for comparison between different collection areas. In the laboratory, the nests were analyzed, weighed, and measured for a detailed analysis of plastic waste. The analysis revealed significant differences in plastic width and mass in nests between collection sites. The results also revealed a widespread presence of plastic in the nests: 24 out of 36 presented plastics in their composition, with the highest proportion found in the mangrove area. All mangrove nests contained plastic, with a proportion between 15.4 and 97.9% of dry weight. In the clearing near Farol beach, only six of the 17 nests contained plastic, with a much lower proportion relative to the dry weight of each nest (0 to 0.2%). On fishing village, 90% of the nests presented plastics, with a proportion ranging from 1.4 to 95.5%. Plastic fibers and cords were the most common materials. The predominant color was blue, suggesting a possible preference for this color by the bird or reflecting the prevalence of certain types of plastics in the region. The analyses revealed variations in the incidence of plastic in different areas, indicating an influence of the availability of debris in the surrounding environment. The presence of plastic in nests can have adverse consequences for birds and their young, including impacts on feeding, reproduction, and mortality. The study also monitored nest activity, revealing patterns in the number of active nests in each location. This highlights the importance of continuous monitoring of the presence of debris in nests as a potential bioindicator of environmental pollution levels. This pioneering study provides unprecedented data on pollution patterns and the environmental impacts associated with the presence of plastic debris in the nests of terrestrial birds in the Amazon rainforest.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Petrechos de pesca como resíduo praial em uma área de proteção ambiental na costa paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-29) SILVA, Elaine Simone da Cruz Silva; LOUREIRO, Sarita Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1473112723704086; MONTEIRO, Sury de Moura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4309806566068586; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-7043
Abandoned, Lost or otherwise Discarded Fishing Gear (ALDFG) during fishing activities represent a global problem. This equipment corresponds to at least 640,000 tons of waste that accumulates annually in the oceans and causes impacts on aquatic fauna such as entanglement, ingestion, injuries, ghost fishing and can also act as vectors of chemical substances. This is the first quantification of ALDFG on beaches in Northern Brazil. The study was carried out on beaches on Algodoal Island, which is an Environmental Protection Area (APA), with the aim of evaluating whether there is spatial and temporal variation in ALDFG on different beaches (Caixa d´água, Farol, Princesa and Cação), considering their different environmental characteristics, and check whether there is the occurrence of organisms associated with ALDFG. The ALDFG were collected in the rainy and dry seasons (2022), in quadrants of 100m² in 30 transects containing three points: high tide line, intermediate and low tide line. The density of ALDFG and an Environmental Impact Factor (FIA) were calculated, considering the type of ALDFG, its mass and the environment where it was found. In total, 459 ALDFG items were collected (248 in the dry season and 211 in the rainy season), totaling 13.14 kg, among which the main ones were fragments, electrical cables, ropes and fishing nets, with emphasis on the nylon type material and blue color. Overall, the beaches had an average density of 0.023 items/m² and 0.755 g/m² in the rainy season and 0.028 items/m² and 0.704 g/m² in the dry season, with a low environmental impact (FIA between 0-1). But points with high impacts were also observed (FIA = 10 and FIA = 9), in points with the presence of rocky outcrops and vegetation, respectively. On Caixa d'água beach there is the presence of juvenile mangroves in the intertidal environment and rocky outcrops, as well as, it is located close to the port for fishing vessels, therefore, it was the beach that presented the largest quantity of ALDFG (274 items), the highest mass (6.35 kg), the highest density (2.74 items/m² and 63.52 g/m²), and consequently the highest Environmental Impact Factor (FIA = 10). Furthermore, associated with the ALDFG, 1,543 organisms were recorded (1,380 in the rainy season and 163 in the dry season) belonging to the following groups, barnacles, bivalves, paguros, crabs, isopods, polychaetes, gastropods, anemones and sea fleas, the majority of which were found associated with ropes and polystyrene buoys. Fishing is a recognized source of ALDFG and the presence of these residues in an APA can cause several impacts to this ecosystem..
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Petrechos de pesca como resíduo praial em uma área de proteção ambiental na costa paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-29) SILVA, Elaine Simone da Cruz Silva; LOREIRO, Sarita Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1473112723704086; MONTEIRO, Sury de Moura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4309806566068586; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-7043
Abandoned, Lost or otherwise Discarded Fishing Gear (ALDFG) during fishing activities represent a global problem. This equipment corresponds to at least 640,000 tons of waste that accumulates annually in the oceans and causes impacts on aquatic fauna such as entanglement, ingestion, injuries, ghost fishing and can also act as vectors of chemical substances. This is the first quantification of ALDFG on beaches in Northern Brazil. The study was carried out on beaches on Algodoal Island, which is an Environmental Protection Area (APA), with the aim of evaluating whether there is spatial and temporal variation in ALDFG on different beaches (Caixa d´água, Farol, Princesa and Cação), considering their different environmental characteristics, and check whether there is the occurrence of organisms associated with ALDFG. The ALDFG were collected in the rainy and dry seasons (2022), in quadrants of 100m² in 30 transects containing three points: high tide line, intermediate and low tide line. The density of ALDFG and an Environmental Impact Factor (FIA) were calculated, considering the type of ALDFG, its mass and the environment where it was found. In total, 459 ALDFG items were collected (248 in the dry season and 211 in the rainy season), totaling 13.14 kg, among which the main ones were fragments, electrical cables, ropes and fishing nets, with emphasis on the nylon type material and blue color. Overall, the beaches had an average density of 0.023 items/m² and 0.755 g/m² in the rainy season and 0.028 items/m² and 0.704 g/m² in the dry season, with a low environmental impact (FIA between 0-1). But points with high impacts were also observed (FIA = 10 and FIA = 9), in points with the presence of rocky outcrops and vegetation, respectively. On Caixa d'água beach there is the presence of juvenile mangroves in the intertidal environment and rocky outcrops, as well as, it is located close to the port for fishing vessels, therefore, it was the beach that presented the largest quantity of ALDFG (274 items), the highest mass (6.35 kg), the highest density (2.74 items/m² and 63.52 g/m²), and consequently the highest Environmental Impact Factor (FIA = 10). Furthermore, associated with the ALDFG, 1,543 organisms were recorded (1,380 in the rainy season and 163 in the dry season) belonging to the following groups, barnacles, bivalves, paguros, crabs, isopods, polychaetes, gastropods, anemones and sea fleas, the majority of which were found associated with ropes and polystyrene buoys. Fishing is a recognized source of ALDFG and the presence of these residues in an APA can cause several impacts to this ecosystem.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Revisão taxonômica da família Ceramonematidae (Plectida, Nematoda).
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06-14) MACEDO, Rafaela Poliana dos Santos; VENEKEY, Virág; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1106411624280455; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1061-2890
The family Ceramonematidae includes exclusively marine nematodes, found in coarse sands of shallow water and fine sediments such as silt and clay. Most works on Ceramonematidae are ecological and few are taxonomic. A significant number of species have sparse descriptions and simple sketch drawings (especially older works), which make it difficult to identify the group. This study aimed to taxonomically review the family Ceramonematidae, present its history and diagnosis, as well as its respective genera, in addition to providing updated taxonomic lists of the valid species of each genus. For the taxonomic review, the Handbook of Zoology was first used to obtain information about the history and diagnosis, in addition to obtaining a list of its valid genera. Then, the original descriptions of each species were consulted, available on the checklists on the Nemys website. Based on the taxonomic review carried out in the respective study, Ceramonematidae has 7 valid genera and one inquerenda genus, being thus classified in previous works; totals 65 valid species, 2 inquerenda species, 10 nomen nudum species and the subfamilies Ceramonematinae and Pselionematinae are currently not valid. In addition, in some cases, it was found that the drawings of the original descriptions are very simplified and without much richness of details, which makes it difficult to visualize the cuticle ornamentation and to compare some structures, as the characteristics of the cuticle are important for identification at the species level. In this taxonomic review, tables and comparative figures for the species within each genus were developed, as well as lists of synonyms, species inquerenda and nomen nudum. Additionally, species and genera diagnoses were provided, adaptations were made whenever necessary, such as descriptions of the amphidian shapes of some species. Based on the survey of morphological characters of Ceramonematidae, it was concluded that the main characteristics that should be observed for the identification of genera are: number of cuticle ringlets, type of head arrangement, head capsule dimensions and amphidia shape. As for the species, the number of cuticle rings and the arrangement of the bristles in the cephalic capsule proved to be relevant in their differentiation. In this sense, for future work, an update of the original drawings and descriptions would be of great importance, as well as the elaboration of a taxonomic key for Ceramonematidae.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Vulnerabilidade costeira em uma comunidade tradicional amazônica: estudo de caso na vila de Jubim, Salvaterra - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-04-16) FIGUEIREDO, Fabrício de Sousa; RANIERI, Leilanhe Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3129401501809850; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-4879
Coastal vulnerability is a topic of great relevance on a global scale due to current climate issues and rising ocean levels. Understanding the degree of coastal vulnerability is essential to prevent socioeconomic and environmental losses, such as those resulting from erosive processes. This study aimed to quantitatively assess the conditions of vulnerability to coastal erosion in a traditional community on Marajó Island: Jubim, located in the municipality of Salvaterra, state of Pará. To achieve this objective, a Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) was used, considering two projections of sea-level rise proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): one with a rise of 4 mm/year and the other with 15 mm/year until 2100. To identify coastal vulnerability under the two sea-level rise scenarios, they were associated with geomorphological and physical characteristics along the estuarine coast of Jubim. Oceanographic variables (tidal range, significant wave height, and sea-level variation) and geological variables (coastal geomorphology, beach slope, and shoreline erosion/accretion rate) were analyzed and classified, with vulnerability indices ranging from very low to very high. The determination of the shoreline erosion/accretion rate was carried out through multispectral and multitemporal analysis (33 years) using Landsat satellite images and the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) tool. The spatialization and integration of the data, based on the CVI, were performed using Geographic Information System (GIS) software. The study area was segmented into three sectors: North (Salazar Beach), Central (Meninas Beach), and South (Baleia and Curuanã Beaches). Between 1990 and 2023, the average linear retreat recorded for the entire study area was -35.24 m (NSM), while the average linear advance was 15.10 m (NSM), highlighting the predominance of coastal erosion. The North sector, with the lowest topographic gradient, showed a maximum retreat of 170 meters and an average retreat of 1.99 m/year (EPR), revealing the retreat of mangrove vegetation and the overlapping of Salazar Beach over this ecosystem. The CVI revealed that, under both sea-level rise projections, Jubim's coastline tends to present moderate to high vulnerability (30.3% and 27.3%) in areas with cliffs and extensive sandy stretches, respectively. The map developed based on the CVI proved to be a useful tool to support coastal management on the Amazonian coast and decision-making in the face of advancing erosion caused by estuarine hydrodynamics, associated with rising sea levels.

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