Dissertações em Oceanografia (Mestrado) - PPGOC/IG
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/16440
Navegar
Navegando Dissertações em Oceanografia (Mestrado) - PPGOC/IG por Assunto "Amazônia"
Agora exibindo 1 - 8 de 8
- Resultados por página
- Opções de Ordenação
Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise multitemporal (1991-2021) da linha de costa (trecho Calçoene - Cabo Norte), costa atlântica do estado do Amapá.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-21) SILVA, Rhuan Rodrigo Pereira e; EL-ROBRINI, Maâmar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5707365981163429; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7850-1217The coastline (LC) is highly dynamic due to its geographic position adjacent to the mouth of the Amazon River estuary. This region is characterized by meteorological forcings, such as a semihumid equatorial climate, high rainfall (> 2,600 mm. year-1), winds (3 to 9 m. s-1), and extreme events (El Nino - 1997/1998 and 2015/2016; La Nina - 1999/2000 and 2010/2011). It is also influenced by hydrological forcings, including water and solid discharge from the Amazon River (175,000 m³ s-1 and 1,200 Mt. year-1, respectively), and oceanographic forcings, such as hyper-tides (up to 12 m), tidal currents (2 m. s-1), waves (up to 3 m in height), and currents (up to 3 m. s-1). This study aims to analyze the multitemporal variation of the LC between the mouths of the Calçoene and Sucuriju rivers, and at the Maracá-Jipioca Ecological Station, from 1991 to 2021. The methodology includes a literature review, acquisition of LANDSAT satellite images (1991, 2000, 2008, 2014, and 2021), LC vectorization, and the application of DSAS to quantify accretion (m) and erosion areas (m) of the LC, determine retreat and advance rates (m/year and m²/year) between the mouths of the Calçoene and Sucuriju rivers, and create change polygons at the Maracá-Jipioca Ecological Station. The study area experienced predominant erosive dynamics, with an average LC retreat of 12 m. year-1 and 1.4 km² of erosion in the Calçoene-Sucuriju stretch, and 2 km² of erosion at the Maracá-Jipioca Ecological Station with an annual average retreat of approximately 18 m. Due to erosive dynamics, the study area requires special attention from public managers to prevent any type of anthropic interference that could intensify this process.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Aplicabilidade de um sistema de baixo custo para o monitoramento de dados meteoceanográficos na zona costeira Amazônica(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-04-23) SOTÃO, Daniel da Silva; ROSÁRIO, Renan Peixoto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8003860457518342; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2913-0514This study aimed to develop, implement, and validate a low-cost Continuous Monitoring Prototype (CMP) to collect meteoceanographic data in the Amazon Coastal Zone (ACZ), a region vulnerable to climate change and lacking environmental data. The system, built with an ESP32 microcontroller, integrates sensors for air temperature and relative humidity (HDC1080 and AM2302), atmospheric pressure (BMP280 and MS5611), water temperature (DS18B20), tide level (HC-SR04), precipitation, and wind speed and direction. Sensor validation was performed by comparing the collected data with reference equipment: a CICLUS PRO weather station (CWS) and a Sonlist Levelogger 5 LTC recorder (CTDlog). The CMP conducted four joint test campaigns with the CWS and CTDlog, totaling 56,221 records. Linear regression was applied to develop calibration equations for each sensor. Calibration quality was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R²), root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson correlation coefficient, and residual analysis. The HDC1080 and AM2302 sensors showed excellent performance for temperature measurement, with R² > 0.9, RMSE < 0.2 °C, mean absolute residual (MAE) < 0.12 °C, and very strong Pearson correlation (r ≥ 0.9). However, they exhibited instability in relative humidity measurements (R² ≈ 0.64; RMSE ≈ 3.46%; MAE ≈ 2.52%). The performance of the BMP280 and MS5611 pressure sensors was initially affected by internal heating, but after thermal compensation, they achieved R² values between 0.88 and 0.99, RMSE from 0.17 to 0.45 hPa, and MAE from 0.11 to 0.34 hPa, with the BMP280 showing superior performance. The DS18B20 water temperature sensor showed very strong correlation, with R² ≈ 0.94, RMSE ≈ 0.036 °C, and MAE ≈ 0.021 °C, proving highly promising. The HCSR04 sensor stood out as the most accurate, with R² ≈ 0.99, RMSE ≈ 2.6 cm, and MAE ≈ 1.9 cm. Precipitation and wind sensors presented inconsistencies and require further testing. The total production cost of the CMP was BRL 952.75, representing savings of 86.19% compared to the CWS (BRL 6,897.00) and 96.14% compared to the CTDlog (BRL 24,677.29). When compared to equivalent equipment, the CMP achieved at least 66.33% cost reduction compared to basic stations and 87.3% compared to lower-cost temperature and water level recorders. The CMP proved to be a viable, economical, and replicable solution for continuous environmental monitoring in the ACZ, with the potential to fill existing gaps in observation networks, although improvements are still needed to enhance its long-term performance.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação das influências espaço-temporais e de maré nas concentrações de metais em água e sedimentos estuarinos no entorno de um polo industrial amazônico(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-04-25) FERREIRA, Johnata Azevedo; AMADO, Lílian Lund; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3382900147208081; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7693-8191Formed by the Tocantins River and smaller tributaries such as the Guamá and Capim rivers, the Pará River Estuary is an important ecosystem, serving as a shelter and reproduction site for many fish species and contributing to nutrient recycling in the aquatic environment. However, this area suffers from constant discharges of domestic and industrial effluents. The town of Barcarena, located in Pará and approximately 40 km from the state capital (Belém), plays a significant role in the state’s economy by hosting an industrial hub focused on the aluminum, kaolin, and steel industries. This study aims to characterize the temporal and spatial variation in the presence of metals and metalloids in both surface water (total, dissolved, and particulate fractions) and sediment across various points with differing levels of urban and industrial influence in Barcarena, PA. Water and sediment samples were collected during different seasonal periods throughout 2023 and 2024. During the sampling period, several phenomena were observed, particularly those related to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The year 2023 was marked by the occurrence of La Niña, while 2024 was characterized by El Niño conditions. Sampling was performed in triplicate during both low and high tides at each site. Ten different metals (Al, Ba, Cd, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Cr, As, and Hg) were analyzed in both water and sediment samples using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Flame Atomization, Graphite Furnace, Cold Vapor Mercury, and Hydride Generation techniques. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the different tidal conditions (high and low tide). Overall, the metals that exhibited higher concentrations across the sites were Al, Fe, Mn, and Ba, in both environmental matrices. This outcome was expected, as these elements naturally occur at high concentrations in the area's geological formation (Barreiras Formation). Although the region presented high metal concentrations, this pattern is most likely related to the local geology. However, anthropogenic factors may also contribute to elevated metal levels, as observed at certain highly impacted sites characterized by poor basic sanitation and direct discharge of domestic effluents and contamination from open-air dumps. These residues ultimately become sources of metal and metalloid input into the environment, especially for elements such as Pb, Hg, and As, in both water and sediment. These elements are often associated with domestic sewage, improper solid waste disposal, and open dumpsites. Our results also highlight important conclusions regarding the influence of ENSO on metal distribution in water and sediment in the Amazon region. Higher metal concentrations in both water and sediment were observed during the El Niño period compared to the La Niña period. Therefore, we conclude that environmental assessments in the Amazon region especially those involving metal monitoring in environmental matrices, should carefully consider the natural background input of these elements into abiotic compartments in order to accurately identify potential contamination arising from anthropogenic activities such as urbanization and industrialization.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Gestão de resíduos por atividades turísticas na área de preservação ambiental (APA) em ilha metropolitana da Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-27) ELLERES, Igor Diniz; MONTEIRO, Sury de Moura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4309806566068586; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0001-9449-7043; SAMPAIO, Dionisio de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2193736281754259; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2688-6001Solid waste management on Combu Island, in Belém (PA), reflects the logistical and structural challenges faced by Amazonian riverside communities in the context of growing urbanization and tourism. This study focused on waste management and the various stakeholders involved, who play a crucial role in the collection and disposal of discarded materials. Interviews and observations were conducted to understand the practices adopted by restaurants regarding waste disposal and the perceptions of waste pickers about the impact of this activity on the environment and their livelihood. The results indicated that although restaurants generate significant volumes of waste—around 4.8 tons per year—the lack of proper infrastructure, such as selective collection and regular transportation, leads to improper disposal. This issue is partially mitigated by the work of waste pickers, who collect recyclables such as glass bottles and plastics, turning them into a source of income. However, waste pickers face precarious working conditions, with low recognition and little integration into public policies or environmental education initiatives. The research also revealed that restaurant managers recognize the importance of improving their practices and developing them based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 14 and 15), but often encounter logistical difficulties and a lack of incentives or specific regulations. It is concluded that promoting integrated actions between restaurants, waste pickers, and public authorities, along with environmental education strategies, can enhance the efficiency of solid waste management, reduce socio-environmental impacts, and value the stakeholders involved.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Investigação da influência antrópica na concentração de nutrientes inorgânicos dissolvidos no entorno da cidade de Belém-PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-30) PORTO, Yuri Paixão Santa Rosa; ROLLNIC, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585442266149471; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8601-1514Water is one of the most important natural resources, especially in the Amazon context. The disorderly population increase and consequent mismanagement of this resource causes worrying environmental changes in terms of its quality. According to the National Sanitation Information System - SNIS, the northern region of the country treats about 22.0% of the sewage generated and in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, below the national average, with 11.3% of sewage collection. The study area encompasses Guajará Bay and adjacent areas such as the Guamá and Acará rivers. Water collections were carried out during the rainy season (May), in 4 sections divided into left bank (ME), middle (M) and right bank (MD) with surface and bottom collections, every 4 hours for 13 hours to analyze the entire tidal cycle. Parameters were analyzed in situ (Temperature, pH, Eh, electrical conductivity, turbidity, OD, %OD and total dissolved solids) and in the laboratory (Silicate, phosphate, nitrate and nitrite), in addition to determining the intensity, speed and direction of the current. with the aid of an ADCP to obtain the flow and calculate the nutrient flow. The study area has some more remote places with little or no human influence throughout its extension, and others with untreated domestic and industrial effluent discharge points. The objective of this work is to investigate a possible anthropic contribution in the flow of dissolved inorganic nutrients from the water bodies that bathe the city of Belém-PA and surroundings. The Guamá River near the “alça viária” showed the lowest values of dissolved inorganic nutrients, unlike the Acará River which, despite its geographical distance from the RMB, showed the highest values of nutrient concentration. The mouth of the Guamá river had higher nutrient values on its right bank and the Guajará bay in its central portion, due to the influence of domestic and industrial waste. The Guamá river near the “alça viária” is relatively preserved, with a low concentration of dissolved inorganic nutrients, increasing only near its mouth, while the Acará presented higher values mainly due to the intense agricultural activity in the surroundings of its basin. The Guajará Bay, despite receiving discharges from the Acará and Guamá rivers, has lower nutrient values than the two locations, demonstrating its capacity for self-purification and dilution.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Metais e seus efeitos em baixos níveis de organização biológica: uma análise ecotoxicológica em distintos compartimentos ambientais de igarapés no município de Barcarena/PA.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06-30) NASCIMENTO, Clayciane Santos do; AMADO, Lílian Lund; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3382900147208081; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7693-8191Metals are included among the contaminants that influence the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems, which requires studies aimed at evaluating both the concentrations of these elements and possible toxicity effects on aquatic organisms due to bioavailability. In this context, biomonitoring studies, especially involving ecotoxicological variables, related to responses, at a low level of biological organization are useful to assess environmental quality. The present ecotoxicological study includes three approaches: (1) analysis of the concentration of metals in Al, Cr, Pb, Ba, Ni and Mn in abiotic elements (water and stream sediment); (2) biotic compartments (fish - Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus; crab - Trichodactylus borellianus and vegetable a plant species Family Marantaceae), in addition to the (3) assessment of primary adverse effects through the use of exposure and effect biomarkers. The collections were carried out in the area of the hydrographic network that influences the Murucupi Basin, in the communities Bom Futuro, Vila Nova and in the district of Vila do Conde and were carried out in three climatic periods, namely: Dry (Campaign 1: Nov/2018), Rainy (Campaign 2: Mar/2019) and Transition period (Campaign 3: Jun/2019). The collection points were determined in order to contemplate a gradient of influence from the company's activity and from other types of activity that take place in the region. The points were dispersed as follows: Potential direct impact (PM1, PM2, PM3, PM4 and PM5); Potential indirect impact: (PC2, PC3 and PC5); and Control points: (PC1, PC6, PC7, PC8 and PC9). The species were collected in different streams that are located in a region with a history of bauxite processing activity (Barcarena, PA), in addition to the direct anthropogenic influence of the city. The collections were carried out in the area of the hydrographic network that influences the Murucupi Basin, in the communities Bom Futuro, Vila Nova and in the district of Vila do Conde and were carried out in three climatic periods, namely: Dry (Campaign 1: Nov/2018), Rainy (Campaign 2: Mar/2019) and Transition period (Campaign 3: Jun/2019). The collection points were determined in order to contemplate a gradient of influence multiple anthropogenic influences. The points were dispersed as follows: Potential direct impact (PM1, PM2, PM3, PM4 and PM5); Potential indirect impact: (PC2, PC3 and PC5); and Control points: (PC1, PC6, PC7, PC8 and PC9). In general, in the sediment of the streams, the analysis of metals presented a distribution within the same range in terms of measured concentrations, without significant differences between sampled points and between sampling periods. For the in-water analyses, during the three periods there was a distribution within the ranges according to the terms of measurements. There was no significant increase or decrease for the elements studied, among the metals analyzed, only Al (total fraction) is not mentioned in CONAMA Resolution No 357/2005. All others are below the acceptable limit established by the environmental protection agency. The only metal that showed an increase in concentration between campaigns in the total fraction of water was Ba. Al was the most abundant metal with concentrations that did not differ between periods. For organisms, fish collected showed higher concentrations of Al and Ba in the rainy season compared to fish of the same species collected in the dry season. The metals Al and Mn did not show differences between points in the same period. Pb was recorded in higher concentrations during the dry season. Plants also did not show significant differences neither between points nor between periods for any of the metals, however, they showed a tendency to increase the accumulation of Pb, Mn and Ba during the transition period. As for the evaluation of biological responses using exposure and effect biomarkers, in crabs there was induction of antioxidant defenses in the gills of organisms from point PC1 during the rainy season. The fish H. heterorhabdus showed greater antioxidant capacity for organisms from PC07 during this period. It is concluded that there is a well-marked and seasonal pattern of metals in different environmental compartments that are followed by biomarkers, reflecting changes related to local geology and physiology of organisms. The main metals found in the abiotic (water - total and dissolved fraction and sediment) and biotic (fish, invertebrates and plant) compartments showed a strong relationship with the local geological formation, with Al, Ba and Mn being the most representative. Being, the Al the most concentrated. Therefore, based on the results described here, studies are needed to establish environmental baselines that take into account local chemical and physical characteristics and the level of sensitivity / tolerance of resident organisms. These studies will lay the groundwork for establishing applicable legal restrictions that are compatible with local environmental realities.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Morfodinâmica de praias estuarinas da vila de Jubim (ilha do Marajó-Pa)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-04-25) RODRIGUES, Mayara de Souza; RANIERI, Leilanhe Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3129401501809850; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-4879The Brazilian Amazon Coastal Zone (states of Amapá, Pará and Maranhão) has environmental characteristics such as a humid tropical climate (high temperatures, low thermal and rainfall variation) and important oceanographic conditions (hyper to mesotidal), in addition to extensive mangroves and sandy beaches, including estuarine beaches. These are vulnerable to seasonal changes in river discharge, in addition to current climate change, the consequent rise in sea level and the resulting coastal erosion, which causes negative consequences for the goods and services originating from this coastal ecosystem. The objective of this study was to analyze the changes in the morphology and sediment dynamics of the estuarine beaches of Jubim and adjacent areas, during a complete seasonal cycle (March 2023 to March 2024). Jubim is a district located in the municipality of Salvaterra, State of Pará, on the east bank of Marajó Island, under oceanographic conditions of the Pará River estuary. Data collection was carried out on four specific beaches, namely: Salazar Beach, Meninas Beach, Baleia Beach and Curuanã Beach. To characterize the morphodynamic state of the beaches, the slope (β) and relative tidal variation (RTR) parameters, derived from the treatment of physical and topographic data (beach profiles), were used as reference. For granulometric analysis, surface sediment samples were subjected to dry sieving in order to obtain the average size, grain selection and sedimentary balance of the beaches. The results showed that the beaches of the village of Jubim have sedimentation ranging from medium to fine sand 1 ɸ and 2 ɸ, with moderately well-sorted grains. The beaches presented quite varied morphometric parameters: topographic elevation from 5.6 m to 2.7 m, and beach width ranging from 79 m to 550 m, thus classifying them into dissipative to intermediate morphodynamic stages (beach slope from 0.2° to 2.6°), with tidal dominance (RTR = 44). The seasonal sedimentary variation was both positive and negative, indicating that the variability index alternate along the beaches and climatic seasons, showing both erosive and depositional tendencies. Erosive processes were observed mainly in the rainy season and greater sedimentary deposition in the dry season. The morphological behavior of the beaches studied on the eastern shore of Marajó Island is directly influenced by estuarine hydrodynamics, where the distinct sedimentary changes are due to the interation that hidrodynamics with the differentiated geology along the coast, and the respective material that constitutes the substrate of the beaches and backwaters.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Transporte de resíduos sólidos flutuantes em rios urbanos dominados por maré na região Norte do Brasil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-07-07) ROSA, Gabriel Pompeu; MONTEIRO, Sury de Moura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4309806566068586; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-7043The rivers that cut through metropolises are considered important ways for the waste generated on the continents to be transported to the oceans. Estimates of waste flows in rivers in the Amazon coastal zone remain uncertain due to the influence of hydrodynamic processes (tide, currents and flow), and above all, the lack of data on the type and amount of solid waste floating in the rivers. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to quantify and estimate the fluctuating waste fluxes at different time scales in tidaldominated rivers of the Amazonian coastal zone. Visual quantification took place over 12 hours (6 to 6 pm) in the flood and ebb tide stages, in the dry and rainy periods, in the rivers Acará, Guamá, Guajará, Tucunduba and Tamandaré. The estimate of waste transport in different tidal stages and seasonal periods was calculated considering the amount of waste in a time interval (hour, month and year). A total of 19,654 solid waste was quantified in the rivers studied, 71% of which was plastic materials. The residues from the rivers that cut through Belém (Tucunduba and Tamandaré) are exported to the rivers that surround the capital, while in these rivers, the residues present a bidirectional flow, suggesting imprisonment reflecting the influence of hydrodynamic processes (tidal current and flow). This study presents the first estimate of transport in rivers on the coast of Pará based on real observations, indicating an estimate of annual transport that varies between 3 and 549 tons/year.