Navegando por Assunto "Water resources"

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 25

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da disponibilidade hídrica da região hidrográfica do Tapajós como ferramenta de suporte à decisão para a outorga de recursos hídricos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-12) ROCHA, Gabrielle Souto da; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
This work presents an analysis of the water availability in the Tapajós hydrographic region, located in the state of Pará. For the analysis of the availability, the data of the historical series of the fluviometric stations of Tapajós RH were analyzed, considering a period of 20 years (1987-2007). such as grant information and waivers granted to users of water resources in the region. After the analysis of the fluviometric series, the reference curves were obtained with the Siscah 1.0 program to determine the reference flows Q90 and Q95. The program was also used to perform the statistical calculations to obtain Q7,10 for each fluviometric station. For the determination of the sub-basins and drainage area to obtain the remaining flows, the Otto Pfafstetter method was used, detailing up to level 4. Observing the presented results, it was verified that for the reference flows Q90 and Q95 for one maximum flow rate of 70%, for each method, the remaining flow in the sub-basins does not constitute a scenario of scarcity or water stress, while Q7,10 presented a criticality scenario for the applicable uses. In relation to the uses granted in the Tapajós hydrographic region, it was verified that the municipalities with the highest number of granted processes are Itaituba and Jacareacanga, and the highest number of grant exemptions is distributed between the municipalities of Itaituba and Rurópolis. It was identified that the use of water resources for Tapajós hydrographic region, based on the purposes of granting and dispensing of requested concessions, is for the service of earthworks, compaction and wetting of roads in the region. These uses are directly linked to the expansion of the region through works such as ports, hydroelectric power stations and opening of new avenues to increase the flow of agricultural products.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação da metodologia neoclássica da demanda tudo ou nada como subsídio à cobrança pelo uso dos recursos hídricos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-06-30) CAMPOS, Catharina Ramos dos Prazeres; BARP, Ana Rosa Baganha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0286183914646934
The world-wide problem of water scarcity has been induced many countries to adopt, between other measures, economic instruments to reverse that situation. An example of this kind of instrument is the “water charging”. It is suggested the implementation of this instrument in the State of Pará, where there is still abundance of water resources. Based on bibliography research of international and national experiences on the adoption of this instrument of management and based on economic methods of water charging which were used in Brazil, it is applied the method of “tudo ou nada” demand, on the watershed of the lakes Água Preta e Bolonha, which are the objects of the study, placed on Belém city. Some countries as France and Germany, are well-succeed examples of this implementation. In Brazil, the states of São Paulo and Ceará, due to its great scarcity, were the first states to include the water charging as a priority in their water resources management systems. However, this practice in solving problems only when they are critical, has been very onerous to their economies. The application of the method at the lakes Água Preta e Bolonha was based on a similar application done at the watershed of the Pirapama river, in the state of Pernambuco. As the conclusions of this work, the aplication of the method of “tudo ou nada” demand was possible in regions of abundance of water.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O aproveitamento de água de chuva para fins não potáveis na cidade universitária professor José da Silveira Netto - Belém/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-05-03) YOSHINO, Gabriel Hiromite; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
The Brazilian Amazon has about 69% of available freshwater in Brazil, an amount which ends up creating the illusion that no lack of water and not lacking in the region, the large supply of this resource becomes a problem when it comes to the Management and Planning Water Resources in the Amazon, according to the wasteful use and lack of maintenance of stocks, compounded by the release of untreated wastewater. Speaking of water conservation programs in the Amazon a few decades ago and still today, with less intensity, is somewhat strange, given the large amount of water available and the culture of abundance. But with climate change associated with the water crisis in the century XXI and the growth of environmental awareness, a new paradigm for water use. Thus, this research discusses the importance of the use of rainwater for non-potable purposes, since the potential for exploitation, throughout the year, due to this high rainfall in the Amazon region, ranging, on average, 119.6 mm in months from November to 441.6 mm in March. It was verified the potential utilization of rainwater from the areas of the roofs of some buildings, located at the Federal University of Pará - UFPA, Campus Guamá, also known as City University Professor José da Silveira Netto. The methods used for sizing of the reservoir were the Rippl and Interactive, and economic viability checking done by the methods of Net Present Value - NPV and discounted payback. As a result, there was obtained by the method of Rippl a volume exceeding 1000 m³, while the interactive method was a maximum of 75 m³. The economic viability presented fragile as a function of time to return exceed the useful life of the utilization system for rain water.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de perdas de água do sistema de abastecimento de água da Cosanpa, na Região Metropolitana de Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-03-30) VELOSO, Thomás Pinheiro; BARP, Ana Rosa Baganha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0286183914646934
This work has as objective to analyze the water losses in the supplying system of the COSANPA that takes care of to the demand of the Metropolitan Region of Belém (RMB), emphasizing the importance that the process of formation and the urban growth of the RMB has in relation the water losses, in the measure where this process forced the COSANPA to take care of to a number each bigger time of users with improvised workmanships, taking the prevalence of the improvisation and the empiricist in the operation of this system. The research was carried through for all the area of the RMB, since it would be impossible to determine the losses index for an isolated sector, in result of the absence of sectoring of the net of water supply that makes it difficult the attainment of more necessary operational information. The methodology used for the determination of the losses index of the system of water supply of the COSANPA in the RMB, was based on the study carried through for Silva et al (1998) for the National Program of Combat to the Wastefulness Water (PNCDA) and that in 2004 it was revised by Marcka (2004). The results gotten with the determination of the losses pointers of basic and average level of complexity reflect the fragility of the COSANPA through highest losses index, that besides being related the structural problems, are aggravated by the operational deficiencies of this system. One concludes that measured as the sectoring of the net of water supply, hydrometer, update of register in cadastre, use of new technologies for detention of emptyings and frauds and the operational qualification, with the manual technician creation, are combat tools the actual and apparent losses that can change the current picture of the COSANPA.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de sistemas de prevenção e contenção de inundações em bacia de drenagem urbana
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-23) MARTINS, Vânia Carla Dias; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
This study aimed to assess the risk of flooding and propose alternatives for prevention and containment of flood for the river basin Tucunduba Oxbow River, located in Belem, from the development of methodology for hydrological and hydraulic simulation, aiming the sustainability of macro drainage system, and analyze the physical variables of the basin to be used as input data for the mathematical models, will also be presented in full simulation methodologies. The results show the application of the models mentioned, as essential tools for the prevention and containment of floods on urban drainage basins, which suffer direct influence of the tidal regime. Since the prevention and containment of extreme events such as floods, is an essential tool for urban areas subject to climatic accidents due to the amount of lives involved in the process, disease by the collapse of the sanitation system and impairments on buildings , materials and infrastructure assets.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação espacial e sazonal da precipitação no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-10-21) MENEZES, Franciani Pantoja; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability and seasonal rainfall in the State of Para. Were used monthly data and annual rainfall of 66 rainfall stations available in hydrometeorological network of National Water Agency – ANA for the period 1982 - 2011. The data were organized with the help of Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. The historical series that fail, these were corrected and consisted. Para is the second largest Brazilian state holds great extent and diversity of natural resources. In terms of density, the state, as well as the seven river basin showed low density of rainfall stations do not comply with the recommendations of the WMO as the minimum density of rain gauges, are areas that require better monitoring. As for seasonality, precipitation shows two distinct seasons, a drought (winter and spring in the Southern Hemisphere), with rainfall less than 100 mm, and a rainy season (summer and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere) with rainfall exceeding 200 mm. The results obtained by the Mann - Kendall and Spearman did not detect any trend of increase or decrease in rainfall during the study period. Through cluster analysis of monthly precipitation were defined 3 Homogeneous Regions with similar climatic characteristics (R1, R2 and R3) to the state of Para.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cenário das outorgas de lançamento de esgoto concedidas em Belém-Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-11-09) RODRIGUES, Suzana Teixeira; PESSOA, Francisco Carlos Lira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8031687016215046; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808
Conditions of effluent disposal grants authorized by the Department of Environment and Sustainability (SEMAS) of the Municipality of Belém PA, Brazil, between 2013 and 2016, are analyzed. Current study is divided into three parts: (1) collection of data retrieved from the Department; (2) preparation of a map showing effluent disposal grant sites at present; (3) number of non-computerized effluent discharges for each urban water basin in the municipality of Belém. Results showed that there are 24 effluent water disposal grants in the municipality of Belém: 62.5% are effluent disposal grants to residential housing estates; 25% are effluent disposal grants for industries; 12.5% are effluent disposal grants for other sectors, including hospitals and airport. The water resource with the greatest number of disposal sites is the Igarapé/Canal de Val-de-Cans, with five effluent disposal grant sites, followed by Igarapé São Joaquim/São Raimundo, with four effluent disposal grant sites. Very few effluents are treated at tertiary level, with disinfection prior to release in the water body. In fact, most Treatment Stations lie at the secondary level, since only organic matter is removed. However, enterprises with septic tanks and filters are still extant. Results also demonstrate that the urban water basin with the greatest unaccountable effluent discharge is the Bacia do Una, with 44,680.32 m³/day, followed by the Bacia do Outeiro, with 28,567.20 m³/day. Data are the SEMAS´s official numbers and they do not reveal the true conditions of the water bodies. In fact, there are several other effluent discharges which have not been regulated by the department and which contribute towards unbridled pollution caused by sheer lack of a comprehensive sewerage system in the municipality of Belém.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A cidade e as águas: os impactos da expansão urbana na bacia do rio Tabocal, Melgaço, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-10-10) MONTE, Marilene Costa Viegas do; MANESCHY, Rosana Quaresma; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5914095913079907; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4432-7331; SOARES, Daniel Araújo Sombra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6446474471044694; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5208-2429
Urban expansion along water courses has generated socio-environmental impacts related to forms of occupation and use of natural resources. The study aimed to analyze the socio-environmental impacts on the affected population in the municipality of Melgaço, in the state of Pará, to support the Participatory Municipal Master Plan, with technical information, for more efficient management of local public authorities. Melgaço, is located at the joint mouth of the Amazon River basin and the Tocantins River basin. The dissertation was organized in the following chapter format: Chapter 2, presents the theoretical framework, adopted in the research with the concepts mobilized to understand the theme studied - Cities and rivers in the Amazon a history of denial, concepts of anthropocene, political ecology, justice environmental and territorial, right to the city, sustainable city, environmental policies, environmental management and local development. Chapter 3 presents the geoenvironmental characterization of the area under study - Characteristics of the Tabocal River Basin, (altimetry, drainage, geology, slope, geomorphology, pedology and land use), geographic location, historical formation and participatory cartography. Chapter 4 explains the city's relations over and under water - The paradox of the city and water, urban expansion, socio-environmental impacts, reports from residents, and public authorities' views on the city's environmental management. And in Chapter 5, alternatives and proposals for local management are represented, providing greater sustainability to actions developed in urban space - The city and waters, sustainable cities, diagnosis and prognosis for mitigating negative impacts. The research was carried out from 2022 to 2023. The main relevant results: reports from interviewees, photographs, aerial images, participatory cartography workshop, production of maps through geoprocessing, technical note as a subsidy for the preparation of the Coastal Management Plan for Melgaço, based on SDGs 06 and 11. It is concluded that this study allows reflections, a path to new horizons, providing positive subsidies for mitigating impacts. Understanding a rethinking with environmental wisdom and social justice, built based on endogenous needs, in partnership with local public authorities, development aimed at sustainability.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para implantação de centrais maremotrizes: aplicação na costa atlântica do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-10-06) OLIVEIRA, Luciana Leal Pimentel; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808
It presents a methodology for deploying tidal plants, which were modeled phenomena and parameters needed for basic studies project. The chosen study area was the Atlantic Coast Pará. Thus, a simplified model is proposed to represent the reservoir. This model was validated with the results obtained from the bathymetry held in the estuary of Bacanga in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. In addition to the reservoir modeling, tidal heights were shaped by the Hermitian interpolation process. The diameter of the turbine was determined by correlations available in literature. The flow resulting from the height of variation between the sea and the reservoir caused by tidal variations, was determined by Hazen-Williams formula. The modeling of the reservoir and the tide high, more methods of determining the diameter of the turbine and the flow, allowed the determination of the installed capacity and energy generated at each site studied, which were classified as small, medium and large size. Subsequently, the cost analysis was performed for each location, including investment cost, operation, maintenance and unit energy cost. The investment cost of tidal power in comparison with other energy sources, is high. However, the unit cost of energy is much lower than the unit cost of energy of its main competitor in the region, the diesel generators. The modeling of the three cases mentioned above and your energy costs and generated results show that tidal power has the potential to be exploited in the Atlantic Coast of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diagnóstico da disponibilidade hídrica superficial da bacia hidrográfica rio Capim - BHRC: como ferramenta de suporte à decisão para outorga de recursos hídricos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-07-05) SILVA, Irlane Quaresma da; TEIXEIRA, Luiza Carla Girard Mendes; 9773700229115395; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0204-6825
The dissertation addresses the need to monitor the quantitative water balance in the Rio Capim Watershed (BHRC), Pará, Brazil, due to the variability of precipitation throughout the year and water scarcity in some areas during dry periods. The general objective is to determine the water availability of BHRC based on the regularization of water users (issued and active water permits) as a subsidy for water resource management efficiency. To achieve this objective, the study was conducted in five stages: literature review, data collection of granted water interferences, organization of vector data for ottobasins and surface water availability from the Ottocodified Hydrographic Database of Pará (BHO/PA), data processing, and quantitative water balance assessment. Results revealed that certain municipalities have significantly more granted water permits than others, such as Paragominas (29.5%), Dom Eliseu (25%), and Ipixuna do Pará (17.5%), totaling 72% of all issued permits. Surface water in BHRC is utilized for various purposes, with irrigation being predominant, accounting for 79% of the total captured volume. Other significant uses include mineral extraction and industrial purposes, totaling 18% of the captured volume. It was identified that 180 ottobasins are directly impacted by granted water withdrawals, while 3,081 ottobasins are indirectly impacted downstream, totaling 3,181 impacted ottobasins throughout the watershed. The Surubiju River and its tributaries show the highest impact, with 89 directly impacted segments and a withdrawal flow of 206,355.73 cubic meters per day. These findings underscore the need for continuous and detailed monitoring to ensure water resource sustainability in BHRC and serve as a critical tool for decision-making in water resource allocation in Pará State.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O estudo da água real e virtual no concreto usinado
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-11-03) BARRETO, Lidianne Pereira Gomes Lucas; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808; DUARTE, André Augusto Azevedo Montenegro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1135221873341973
Water is an essential substance in order to have life and as well as being a fundamental human right to water is also used in food production, services and consumer goods. Water is present in construction in real and virtual form. The water that is use in the extraction of raw materials, manufacturing of building materials and during the lifetime of the buildings and the virtual water is incorporate into the product. The construction industry is one of the fastest growing economic sectors in the world and therefore has become a major consumer of natural resources. In Brazil, the number of investments for housing has raised the number of buildings in the country and has caused builders seek technologies to reduce the time of execution of works. One such technology is the use of ready-mix concrete; a product manufactured in metering stations, which has as main advantages, the rationalization of the workforce and reduced the concrete runtime. By the growth in the use of ready-mix concrete and concern about water scarcity, this work proposed verify the presence, importance and economic value of the real and virtual water as raw material in ready-mix concrete produced in the metropolitan region of Belém-PA, therefore, although present throughout the concrete production process for the water is not assigned any economic value. When entering the real and virtual water in the unit prices of composition percentages of increases in the value of cubic meters of ready-mix concrete would be less than 1% for real water and 36% for virtual water. These increases although there are not added to the final price of manufacture of concrete. Therefore, one must consider the importance of this natural resource in the construction segment, in order to ensure the maintenance and quality of life for this and future generations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fatores naturais e antrópicos que interferem na qualidade da água do Rio Tocantins, trecho Baião Mocajuba (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05-27) CORDEIRO, Leonardo Corrêa; XAVIER, Diego de Arruda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4534357826122691; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1644-3837; SILVA, José Francisco Berredo Reis da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1338038101910673; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-2462
The water quality in hydrographic basins can be understood through studies involving physical chemical, chemical, and biological parameters, taking into account anthropic activities and associated natural processes. The aim of this study was to analyze the behavior of physical chemical and chemical parameters in different seasonal periods in the hydrographic basin of the Tocantins River, Baião-Mocajuba stretch, to discuss water quality based on the interaction of anthropic factors and natural processes. For this purpose, secondary data were collected, and samples were taken at two points (P1 and P2) during distinct seasonal periods (less rainy and rainy) and at mid-tide cycle (13h). The results were discussed in light of the theory regarding natural and anthropic factors in processes that may interfere with riverine hydrochemistry and water quality. Parameters such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and total dissolved solids were measured in situ, and samples were collected for the determination of chemical parameters (Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Se, Al, As, Ba, B, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, V, Zn, Sr, Ti, BOD, COD, Cl, F, NO3, NO2, SO4, PO4, total nitrogen, SiO2, NH3, Ca, Mg, Na, K, P, Dissolved Organic Carbon, alkalinity, hardness). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, correlation, and principal component analysis. The results indicate that seasonality is a factor influencing water quality parameter values, except for SO4, H4SiO4, Ba, and Sr. On the other hand, tidal effects are crucial in altering water quality parameters, especially during the less rainy period, but these alterations do not exceed the limits established by CONAMA 357/2005. Principal component analysis identified that Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, Mn, and hardness accounted for 44.6% of water quality parameters during the less rainy period, while during the rainy period, Mg, K, Ba, hardness, Sr, Ca, Mn, Na, dissolved oxygen, and Al accounted for 47.67%. It is concluded that the Tocantins River hydrographic sub-basin has been impacted anthropogenically due to the construction of the dam and agricultural activities. Future studies are suggested to measure the effects of these activities on the water quality of the Tocantins River.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fatores naturais e antrópicos que interferem na qualidade da água do rio Tocantins, trecho Baião-Mocajuba (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05-27) CORDEIRO, Leonardo Corrêa; XAVIER, Diego de Arruda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4534357826122691; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1644-3837; SILVA, José Francisco Berredo Reis da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1338038101910673; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-2462
The water quality in hydrographic basins can be understood through studies involving physicalchemical, chemical, and biological parameters, taking into account anthropic activities and associated natural processes. The aim of this study was to analyze the behavior of physicalchemical and chemical parameters in different seasonal periods in the hydrographic basin of the Tocantins River, Baião-Mocajuba stretch, to discuss water quality based on the interaction of anthropic factors and natural processes. For this purpose, secondary data were collected, and samples were taken at two points (P1 and P2) during distinct seasonal periods (less rainy and rainy) and at mid-tide cycle (13h). The results were discussed in light of the theory regarding natural and anthropic factors in processes that may interfere with riverine hydrochemistry and water quality. Parameters such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and total dissolved solids were measured in situ, and samples were collected for the determination of chemical parameters (Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Se, Al, As, Ba, B, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, V, Zn, Sr, Ti, BOD, COD, Cl, F, NO3, NO2, SO4, PO4, total nitrogen, SiO2, NH3, Ca, Mg, Na, K, P, Dissolved Organic Carbon, alkalinity, hardness). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, correlation, and principal component analysis. The results indicate that seasonality is a factor influencing water quality parameter values, except for SO4, H4SiO4, Ba, and Sr. On the other hand, tidal effects are crucial in altering water quality parameters, especially during the less rainy period, but these alterations do not exceed the limits established by CONAMA 357/2005. Principal component analysis identified that Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, Mn, and hardness accounted for 44.6% of water quality parameters during the less rainy period, while during the rainy period, Mg, K, Ba, hardness, Sr, Ca, Mn, Na, dissolved oxygen, and Al accounted for 47.67%. It is concluded that the Tocantins River hydrographic sub-basin has been impacted anthropogenically due to the construction of the dam and agricultural activities. Future studies are suggested to measure the effects of these activities on the water quality of the Tocantins River.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ferramenta de avaliação do transporte hidroviário de passageiros da região amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-18) MORAES, Rita de Cássia Monteiro de; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
The Brazilian Amazon holds over 60% of available fresh water in Brazil, through which passes one of the largest rivers in the world the Amazon River, both in extent and volume of water, in addition to housing one of the largest networks waterways of the planet, with hundreds of rivers. It is this system that this research aims to make a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the fleet of vessels, terminals and passenger demand which are transported by the rivers of the Brazilian Amazon, to contribute to the technological development of water transportation of passengers in the region. Through a mathematical model for calculating the value of the fare per passenger, which takes into account the physical and operational characteristics of each line, we have analyzed the values practiced in the lines, as well as optimized the parameters of a vessel with ideal conditions and lower cost per passenger. In this regard it was found that the cost of transportation of the passenger can be reduced with a design most suitable for each vessel line and its demand. The data, information and forecasts on the production of passenger water transport are presented for better understanding of the sector in order to enable more efficient transport proposals, according to the characteristics of the waterway and the operating environment. With the evaluation method proposed cost, we found that the cost of passenger waterway transportation in the Amazon is not homogeneous due to the great diversity of vessels operating in each navigation line, and that the optimization of the design suitable for each line can have major reductions in the cost of passenger transported.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Gestão de conflitos pelo uso da água em bacias hidrográficas urbanas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-01-18) SILVA, Andressa Macêdo e; LIMA, José Júlio Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5176390429456548; BARP, Ana Rosa Baganha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0286183914646934
This dissertation studies the management of conflicts on the use of the water in urban watershed. It proposes the use of non-structural measures for the equationing of conflicts using as tool of support information methodologies, more precisely, the software of analysis of qualitative data, Nvivo. The research was accomplished within in Igarapé Tucunduba Basin. It counted with bibliographical review regarding the case study area and of conflicts, besides the use of Nvivo. As results there are tables, spread streets and comparative graphs, test is of the hypothesis of the study. It concluded that the non-structural measures are suitable thoroughly as it concerns conflicts originated by the pollution of water, specially, with respect to municipal refuse. It recommends a Project of Environmental Education for the area, that should be enlarged later, continuous and concomitant to all other projects.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Índices de qualidade das águas subterrâneas de abastecimento público da Ilha do Mosqueiro, município de Belém - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-09) LOPES, Raynner Menezes; SANTOS, Maria de Lourdes Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1604134738302499
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Jogo de tabuleiro Caranãzinho como meio de ensino do uso sustentável de recursos hídricos na escola Padre Dubois em Salinópolis-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05-31) CORRÊA, Valdete Costa Nascimento; RIBEIRO, Karla Tereza Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2654817572738748; BOSCHILIA, Solana Meneghel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6512542852817389; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0038-6666
The aim of study investigated the importance of sustainable water use in the city of Salinópolis, Pará, with 6th-grade students from the Padre Dubois State Elementary School, proposing an innovative didactic sequence that incorporated a board game as a pedagogical tool for elementary students. The didactic sequence consisted of four stages: diagnostic analysis, expository class and guided tour, application of the "Caranãzinho" game, and a discussion circle followed by a re-application of the diagnostic evaluation questionnaire. The methodology adopted was a qualitative approach focused on practical activities, such as visits to water supply units in the Atalaia neighborhood, and the use of a board game to reinforce learning. The results indicated that both the didactic sequence and the board game were effective in enhancing students' understanding of the processes of water collection, treatment, distribution, and the sustainable use of water resources. Data analysis revealed a significant improvement in students' knowledge after the implementation of the proposed activities. Integrating board games into didactic sequences can be an effective strategy for teaching Environmental Sciences, promoting a more interactive and meaningful learning experience. It is recommended to adopt similar methodologies in other subjects and schools, aiming to educate more conscious and engaged citizens in the preservation of water resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Jogo digital adaptado ao tema água no ensino de ciências para alunos de uma escola pública da região metropolitana de Belém-Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-08-28) ERNESTO NETO, Fortunato; KATO , Olivia Misae; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3612219210222465; RIBEIRO, Karla Tereza Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2654817572738748
Technological resources has been largely used as an important educational strategy to promote greater efficiency in the teaching of Environmental Sciences. The implementation of educational digital games has facilitated the teaching-learning process, helping to complement contents and generating greater stimulus and dynamics in school activities. Studies has documented that properly planned teaching results in improved apprehension of academic knowledge and skills. The aim of this study consisted of validating the adaptation of the game Loot Quest for Smartphone as a didactic resource in teaching of the water like theme, directed to promote the complementation of knowledge and as an incentive to engage in school activities for 6th grade students at a public school in Belém-PA. The Loot Quest game was adapted to teach diseases associated with water pollution and its sustainability (Unit II, Chapter 5) of curriculum discipline. The Chapter 5 was divided into two small steps, requiring complete mastery (100% correct answers) by the student in the writing evaluations in each step. This process was applied only in the first class, the condition to participate in digital games was to pass the evaluations in two-step. In the second class, the traditional teaching of Chapter 5 was adopted by the discipline's teacher, followed by the step evaluations without the requirement of passing the step evaluations to participate in the games, the students should only perform them. After these evaluations, the games were applied to teams in both classes, with the games installed on smartphones, and instructions were provided to players in the classroom, in which they were kept while the QR Codes were hidden in the outside area. In each game, teams should locate 10 QR Codes, identify corresponding images and phrases, then copy them on the answer sheet. The validation of digital games by students and expert judges was carried out by specific assessment questionnaires, after the games were applied. All teams in Class 1 achieved 100% correct answers in both steps and participated in the games, while the scores in the teams in Class 2 the grades ranged from 0.0 to 7.0 in both steps. In the validation, the two classes presented the highest percentages in the option "totally agree" in the 14 evaluation questions, with a high reduction in the other options “partially agree”, “nor agree”, “nor disagree”, “partially disagree” and “strongly disagree”. The judges' evaluation of the images, phrases and compatibility showed an agreement of 66 to 100% of the judges in the 30 items of each game, except for the compatibility of item 7 of Game 1 with 50%. The evaluation of technical products, 9 of the 12 criteria scored 15 to 18 points (84- 100%) by the judges, with 18 being the highest score. The results showed that properly planned teaching with digital games as a source of incentive, contributed to learning and assessment activities of different themes related to water, found in books on Environmental Science and Environmental Education.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem estocástica de função cumulativa de probabilidades de precipitação diária na região hidrográfica tocantins-araguaia (RHTA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-03-28) PROGÊNIO, Mayke Feitosa; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808
Knowing the temporal and spatial behavior of the probability of occurrence of rainfall is indispensable for the planning and management of agricultural and agroindustrial activities. However, in some river basins the available historical precipitation series are generally short and with a large number of faults, which makes statistical analyzes difficult. Thus, the objective of the work was to develop a stochastic model of cumulative function of daily precipitation probabilities in the Tocantins Araguaia hydrographic region (TAHR). The model is of the parametric type, in which precipitation occurrences were determined through the first-order Markov chain (MC) and the precipitation quantities were estimated by 4 cumulative probability functions (CPFs): exponential simple, exponential a two parameters, mixed exponential and gamma. The parameters of the CPFs were estimated by the Maximum Likelihood Method. The simulation process was performed separately for each rainfall station, without considering the spatial correlation between them. The developed model was applied in 196 rainfall stations distributed in 3 homogeneous regions (HR) of precipitation in TAHR. The results showed that the MC of the 1st order was able to reproduce satisfactorily the amount of dry and rainy days. However, in areas heavily influenced by long series of drought, the results were not satisfactory. In relation to the estimated precipitated quantities, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test and the probability-probability (P-P) graph showed that the mixed exponential was the one that presented better adherence to the observed data for most months of the year, with the exception of the less rainy months of June, July and August in RH II and RH III, and in the months of September, October and November for RH I, for which the gamma function was more efficient, these results were also confirmed by the low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) values. Thus, the model developed showed to be efficient in the estimation of average daily rainfall in TAHR, in addition, the use of more than one CPF gave the model greater capacity to estimate rainfall in different locations and seasons.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelo vazão-velocidade para avaliação de potencial hidrocinético
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-25) CRUZ, Josias da Silva; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808
The Brazilian hydrological information network provides daily flow data; however, daily velocity information is not available in historical series. The inventory of river velocities is important for many applications, and one of them is the study of hydrokinetic potential, including downstream of hydroelectric plants. Therefore, the work proposes a model called Flow-Velocity that determines the average daily velocity, the geometric form and the distribution of the logarithmic velocity profile of the cross section of rivers from daily flow data. The model was initially applied in a small river basin with flow data and the validation was performed using the mean square error (RMSE), the relative mean square error (RRMSE), the standard deviation of observation (RSR) and the percentage of bias PBIAS. Subsequently, the model was applied to the river basins of the Amazonas, São Francisco and Paraná rivers (Brazil's largest basins), using the highest and lowest flows in the historical series. The highest and lowest average speed found in the Amazon River was 2.27 ms-1 and 0.735 ms-1 in the Óbidos cross-section for a flow of 266 897 m³s-1 and 72 480 m³-1, respectively. The main contributors to the Amazon River, with the exception of the Trombetas, Madeira and Xingu rivers, present average daily speeds below 2 ms-1 for the flood period, but in the dry season the average daily speeds of all are below 0.5 ms-1. The São Francisco river, in the transversal sections studied along its length, presents velocities between 3.09 ms-1 to 1.68 ms-1 for the period of flood and in the period of drought the speeds are between 0,44 ms-1 to 0,12 ms-1. In the Paraná River, velocities are between 2.17 ms-1 to 1.50 ms-1 and 0,59 ms-1 to 0,12 ms-1 for the greater and smaller flow, in due order. It was verified that the Amazon river has hydrokinetic potential that can be explored all year round. In the São Francisco basin, it is only in the period of higher flows that there is potential for the installation of hydrokinetic turbines, similar to the Paraná river basin. Of course, at points in rivers where there are hydroelectric plants, this assessment should change due to the dispatch of power plants.