Estratégias educacionais em saúde para mitigar o estigma da tuberculose sofrido pelos pacientes e familiares: revisão integrativa de literatura

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is one of the oldest diseases that has received several different meanings according to the historical period. The precarious social conditions of most carriers require commitment, involvement and recognition of their impact on the various dimensions of human life from health services, requiring the perception of these issues and the understanding of their possible influence in the search for health services. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to analyze educational health strategies aimed at destigmatizing tuberculosis among patients and their families. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: The concept of Evidence Based Practice and Stigma approached by Goffmann was used as a conceptual framework. METHOD: This is an Integrative Literature Review ­ RIL about studies on educational health strategies aimed at destigmatizing tuberculosis among patients and their families. This was carried out in six stages, namely: elaboration of the research question; sampling; categorization of studies; evaluation of studies; interpretation of results; and presentation of the review. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 429 studies were identified, duplicate ones were excluded, resulting in 266 articles. After reading the abstracts and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 40 studies were pre-selected. Of these, 12 were excluded for not being in open access mode. Then, a careful reading of the other articles was carried out, of which 6 were selected to compose the sample of this integrative review. After thorough reading and data collection of the articles included in the IR, the following thematic categories related to the object of study emerged: Stigma, myths and concepts; and Educational health strategies. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Based on the results found, educational strategies aimed at patients and family members are pointed out as the best way to reduce stigma in this nucleus. The study pointed out weaknesses regarding the findings that deal with educational strategies aimed at this binomial, since only 6 articles were identified, the majority with a low level of evidence. The low production of Brazilian studies allows a reflection on the need to develop research and broader national discussions on the implementation of strategies with the aim of reducing the stigma associated with the disease.