A teoria tridimensional da justiça de Nancy Fraser e os obstáculos do capitalismo financeirizado neoliberal

Abstract

This dissertation aims to analyze the aspects that, according to Nancy Fraser's critical theory, the dimensions of redistribution justice, recognition and political representation are hindered by neoliberal financialized capitalism. To this end, its main theoretical reference is Fraser's theory of justice and neoliberal financialized capitalism, as well as the contributions of Wendy Brown, David Harvey, Wolfgang Streeck, Pierre Dardot and Cristian Laval, Silvia Federici, Verónica Gago, Saad Filho and Lécio Morais, Marcos Nobre, Jessé Souza and Flávia Biroli, as important interlocutions to complement and add to the author's thoughts. The study is placed in the perspective of Critical Theory, bringing new discussions that bring together justice, feminism, neoliberal capitalism, neoconservatism and democracy. The problem question presents itself as follows: in what aspects, according to Nancy Fraser's critical theory, are the dimensions of redistribution justice, recognition and political representation hindered by neoliberal capitalism? Methodologically, the research follows the dialectical method, the types of research used in terms of procedures are bibliographic, in terms of the qualitative approach and in terms of explanatory objectives. Thus, it is a theoretical research that intends to analyze concepts through a critical view. The first specific objective will correspond to the first chapter, which will present Fraser's theory of justice through its dimensions and contexts. The second chapter will satisfy the second and third specific objectives and proposes to understand the neoliberal financialized capitalism as an institutionalized social order, as well as deepening the understandings about neoliberalism by the selected interlocutors, including about the Brazilian reality and the developments as a rationality. The third chapter will reflect on the fourth specific objective and discuss the aspects in which, according to Fraser's critical theory, the dimensions of justice are hindered by neoliberal financialized capitalism. The results reflect that the redistribution dimension is incompatible with the competitive aspect of financialization; recognition is not ensured by the multifaceted aspect of neoliberalism - either progressive-meritocratic or reactionary-neoconservative -; political representation is incompatible in view of the imposition of neoliberal technocracy and democratic marginalization; and neoliberal exploitation and expropriation are presented as concrete forms of economic, sociocultural and political inequalities that prevent the realization of the dimensions of justice.