Movimentos sociais em tempos de exceção: poderes e contra-poderes em periferias urbanas de Belém, PA

Abstract

The peripheries of Belém are marked by a series of rights violations and episodes of violence perpetrated by agents who exert control over space through the vulnerabilization of bodies and the denial of full citizenship to the people who live there. This work aims to understand forms of resistance and existence that emanate from social movements amidst this state of disputes, focusing on cultural expressions and manifestations and the importance of public spaces in political practices. For this, we take as contextual references the forms of violence promoted by criminal organizations that exert territorial dominance over these spaces, as well as the repressions and control spearheaded by the State, in the figure of police forces. We also pay attention to institutional intervention projects on space. We use concepts such as New Social Movements, State of Exception, Necropolitics, Public Policies, Public Space, and Counter-Powers to analyze the actions of agents who practice violence, the forms of violence suffered by individuals living in the peripheries, which are the profiles of people most impacted by these violences, what are the resistance and existence strategies of the studied movements, and what are the main challenges, results, and possibilities found by them as subjects of peripheral action. In addition to the documentary and bibliographic survey on the theme, we carried out fieldwork guided by an approximate and involved ethnographic perspective that allowed us to collect data pertinent to our questions and understand that from the premise that the equalization of forces and resources with violent agents who exert dominance in the studied territories is impossible, these movements, activisms, and peripheral groups not only resist in their spaces, through their identities, but exist and build new possibilities of struggle based on a multipolarity of actions, symbols of difference, that represent diverse and broad fronts of protagonisms.