Análise da vulnerabilidade socioambiental as inundações das populações adjacentes ao rio Mocajatuba em Marituba-PA

Abstract

The metropolitan region of Belém (RMB) developed quickly and disorganized, having been formalized in 1973 through the Federal Complementary Law 14 of the same year. This development led the population with better financial conditions to occupy the most centralized neighborhoods, and low-income people to occupy the most peripheral neighborhoods in the lower areas of the city, on the banks of rivers. Considering the reality of the RMB in areas affected by hydrological disasters and low socioeconomic indicators, this study aims to evaluate the socio-environmental vulnerability of homes exposed to floods in the area of Permanent Preservation (APP) on the banks of the Mocajatuba River in Marituba (Pará), and create an Emergency Action Plan for the municipality. To this end, research was carried out in the scientific literature on the subject in the Google academic databases, books, dissertations and theses, as well as documents from the Municipal Environment Department of Marituba: technical reports, documents in response to requests from the Ministry Public, notices of infractions, inspection and inspection reports. In addition, articles published in the local and national press about these floods were surveyed and analyzed. Georeferencing of the entire area was carried out with a 30-meter buffer, so that it could be identified at which points there are companies and houses occupying the APP area. The results show that recurring environmental problems occur in the area in the years 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2020. In addition, the stretches of the Mocajatuba river that have occupied areas, having been identified 84 residences. The maps were divided into 18 sections and detailed information within the areas of each map. It was possible to observe the presence of companies and residences within the APP area at several points during its route, and this raises concern, because in the occupied areas the primary vegetation was removed, which generates silting and narrowing of large stretches of the Mocajatuba River. After verifying the information obtained, it was possible to perceive that one of the most relevant problems in the municipality is the little investment in public policies of previous administrations, which did not actually implement the Municipal Master Plan as provided for in the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the Plan of Basic Sanitation as provided for in Law 11,445/2007. The accelerated growth, the availability of large lands and the low real estate valuation of this area, caused many houses and companies to settle in places of irregular occupation along the Mocajatuba River, putting this population at risk.