Planos diretores e vulnerabilidade social: análise e mapeamento das inundações na região metropolitana de Belém-PA

Abstract

The study addresses the causes and consequences of flooding in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, with a focus on social vulnerabilities. The analysis of these vulnerabilities involves identifying the groups most affected, such as low-income populations living in high-risk areas, as well as assessing the lack of access to basic services such as drainage and sanitation. The study area, located in the Amazon, faces several challenges related to unplanned urbanization, insufficient infrastructure, and inadequate public policies to deal with natural disasters. The research also discusses Master Plans, which are urban management instruments, and the effectiveness of these plans in mitigating the impacts of flooding. The objective of this study is to propose normative solutions for the Master Plans of the municipalities within the Metropolitan Region of Belém, focusing on socially vulnerable areas to flooding, in accordance with the guidelines of items I to VI of Article 42-A of the City Statute, included by the National Policy on Protection and Civil Defense. To achieve this goal, the study established specific objectives, among which are: collecting and analyzing information on flooding in the region; developing a mapping of areas susceptible to flooding using replicable methodologies; and preparing a technical product containing methodological guidelines for implementing flood risk management in Master Plans. The methodology adopted included the analysis of existing legislation at the federal, state, and municipal levels, in addition to the use of indicators from the Human Development Atlas and the Social Vulnerability Index. Geographic Information System (GIS) software and the HAND model were also employed to map the perimeters susceptible to flooding. The final product of the research consisted of the development of a guide containing recommendations and guidelines for the creation of regulations targeting high-risk areas. The proposal aims to provide academic support for future studies, as well as to offer guidance to public authorities for deepening knowledge on hydrological issues, risk and disaster management, and contributing to the development of public policies focused on reducing vulnerability and improving risk management.