Serviços e programas educacionais de prevenção e controle da tuberculose em ambiente prisional: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality related to infectious diseases in developing countries. The incidence rate of TB in the prison population in Brazil is about 28 times higher than that of the general population, which is 34.8/100,000 inhabitants. TB remains a serious public health problem worldwide. WHO and nations are making efforts to end TB as a public health problem by 2035. Investing in health education is one of the WHO's bets and one of the greatest challenges for prison services. Objective: To identify and synthesize the scientific evidence present in national and international literature about educational services and programs related to the prevention and control of tuberculosis for Persons Deprived of Liberty (PPLs) in prisons. Method: Integrative Literature Review (RIL) based on the PICO strategy to formulate the research question: P (population) = PPL; I (interest) = intervention of educational services and programs for TB control and prevention; C (comparison – not included here); and O (outcome) = evidence of TB prevention and control in educational services and programs for PPL. Literature was collected in selected databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SciVerse SCOPUS and Cochrane Library. Of the total of 10,903 identified articles, those duplicates were excluded and after reading the titles and abstracts with application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 103 articles were pre-selected. Then, a careful reading and analysis of the pre-selected articles was performed, resulting in the selection of 12 to compose the sample of this review. These 12 articles received the following classification: nine of them made up Category I – Control and prevention of tuberculosis in prisons; and the other three articles, Category II – Practice and educational program for tuberculosis control in People Deprived of Liberty. Conclusion: The authors of the studies included in this review propose the Intersectoral Cooperation of Public Health and the Prison Service through joint actions to control TB and prevent the spread of the disease in the community. They emphasize that joint action is only possible if there is political will from the authorities responsible for the geopolitical region where the prisons are located.