Teses em História (Doutorado) - PPHIST/IFCH
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/6869
O Doutorado Acadêmico iniciou-se em 2010 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História (PPHIST) do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (IFCH) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).
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Navegando Teses em História (Doutorado) - PPHIST/IFCH por Orientadores "ARENZ, Karl Heinz"
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Os castanhais do sudeste do Pará: cotidianos e discursos (1930-1964)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-07-11) CARNEIRO, Aldair José Dias; PETIT PEÑARROCHA, Pere; ARENZ, Karl Heinz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4213810951901055The main objective of this research is to show that political factors were fundamental in the formation of the economic structure of Brazil Nut Zones in southeastern Pará, and that their development was marked by the ideologies and the political engagement of three leaders, namely Deodoro Machado de Mendonça, Joaquim de Magalhães Cardoso Barata and Nagib Mutran. With them, the Brazil Nut Zones in southeastern Pará were regulated, and the main period of political partisan intervention was registered between 1930 and 1964. We highlight, initially, the regulations employed in 1930, by the Intervenor of Pará Magalhães Barata, whose attitude contradicted the claims of the of previous Governments, representing the traditional landowner elite, especially Deodoro de Mendonça. At that moment, were born the political disputes that determined the dynamics of the Brazil Nut production in the region, characterized by baratism and antibaratism. This rivalry at state level was transferred to the Brazil Nut Zones of southeastern Pará by the local leader, Nagib Mutran. Thus, the political dispute over the Brazil Nut Zones remained until 1951, when Barata was defeated in the elections for governor of Pará. Since then, the federal projects for the economic valorization of the Amazon region, initiated in 1952, accelerated the appropriations of lands in the southeastern part of the state, which led to the weakening of the extractive economy and the economic collapse of the region's Brazil Nut Zones in the early 1960s. However, the Brazil Nut Zones in southeastern Pará were not confined to discourses and economic projects. Parallel to them, inside the production zones, there were the local Brasil Nut gatherers with their daily actions, peculiar to the environment of the forest. Because the Brazil nut economy is a seasonal activity, these inhabitants of the zones have become accustomed to other activities that, in turn, made part of the daily life in the forest. The inhabitants of the Brazil Nut Zones were not only gatherers, they were also farmers, hunters, fishermen and devotees. These activities, because they were all important and routine, directed the inhabitants of the Brazil Nut Zones to regulate their daily actions with a certain autonomy, not always in accordance with the political decisions.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) As memórias dos sertões: as práticas de cativeiro, escravidão e liberdade de índios e mestiços na Amazônia portuguesa (séculos XVII-XVIII)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-07-28) FERREIRA, André Luís Bezerra; ARENZ, Karl Heinz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0770998951374481This thesis analyses the captivity, slavery and freedom practices of indigenous and mestizo descendants in the Portuguese Amazon during the 17th and 18th centuries. Since the seventeenth century, the Amazon region has been part of the global routes of slavery, in which the trans-Amazonian routes provided indigenous people for settlements, villages and also for the ports of the Caribbean and Europe. Faced with the trafficking and injustices of captivity, the Portuguese conquests established normative regimes that regulated the practices of recruitment - descent, rescue and just war - of indispensable indigenous workers. These normative regimes, in addition to the dichotomies of free and slave, ally and enemy, free or unfree, established a series of legal conditions that regulated the insertion of indigenous and mestizo peoples into colonial society, such as free, captive, prisoner, slave and given condition. These normative regimes were dynamic, and their reformulations were linked to the multifaceted processes of the region and to the transformations that took place in the global conjunctures of the Portuguese kingdom. Among these processes, the dynamics of mestizaje played a central role. It was a constitutive aspect of the laws relating to indigenous peoples and their descendants. Irrespective of normativities, indigenous women and men were active subjects of mestizaje and also producers of new categories of social qualifications through their interactions with people of different qualities and legal conditions. Thus, I argue that this set of legal normativities, in conjunction with the qualifications of social identities, affirmed the asymmetrical dependencies into which indigenous people and mestizos were inserted within the social hierarchies of colonial Amazonia. In turn, these subjects, through their interactions with other social agents, also knew how to use the prevailing laws and make them intelligible in their favour. Therefore, this research examines, through the actions of freedom of the Court of the Junta das Missões and the civil actions of freedom of the Private Judge of Freedoms, the access of indigenous people and mestizos to the spheres of justice to denounce the unjust captivity to which they were subjected and to obtain recognition of their freedoms. Prisoners in court used family memories to (re)affirm their indigenous origins and/or to denounce the illegality with which their relatives were rescued and imprisoned in the sertões and floodplains of the Amazon and taken to colonial spaces. This strategy, in addition to a social qualification, had a legal and socio-political dimension, since indigenous origin could guarantee them rights, especially their freedoms.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A preservação ancestral: a mobilização indígena pelo patrimônio arqueológico(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-31) ANDRADE, André Luis dos Santos; ARENZ, Karl Heinz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0770998951374481The objective of this thesis is to show how the contemporary struggle of indigenous peoples for archaeological heritage is directly related to the historical exclusion they experienced in the process of formation of Brazil. To do so, we started by analyzing the actions of the Apiaká, Munduruku and Kayabi ethnic groups, who between 2010 and 2019 claimed the right to possess twelve funeral urns belonging to their ancestors, which were removed from their sacred location due to the construction of the Teles hydroelectric plant. Pires and were kept at the Alta Floresta Museum (MT). Their dispute for the right to vote is within the scope of a broader struggle: the right to their way of preserving archaeological heritage. Thus, in different manifestos and interviews, indigenous people question how the preservation of cultural heritage in Brazil was and is thought of. Therefore, this study also investigates how, following the creation of SPHAN (Serviço do Patrimônio Histórico Artístico Nacional), in 1937, temporal and conceptual landmarks were established regarding the origin of preservation policy and cultural heritage. In the perspective proposed by the first director of SPHAN, Rodrigo Melo Franco de Andrade, the genuineness of Brazil would be in baroque art and colonial architecture, as they would be productions of a civilization with “technical superiority”. This understanding, however, was not a consensus among intellectuals who gave relevance to archaeological heritage. Within the scope of this underlying dispute around heritage hierarchies, historiographical silences were constructed, in relation to the importance of Museums, and social silences, in the exclusion of indigenous people in the process of formation of archaeological and ethnographic collections that materialized the national narrative. However, when analyzing the demands of indigenous peoples for the return of archaeological urns, we note that Museums or unofficial musealization initiatives, such as the Center for the Preservation of Indigenous Art and Science, which existed in Alter do Chão in the 1990s, Since the middle of the 20th century, they have been seeking new ways of acting within society, in which racist and ethnocentric practices lose space for new theoretical perspectives, such as decolonial and even indigenous perspectives. In these terms, indigenous peoples are keen to establish a distinction in relation to the cultural heritage of non-indigenous people: indigenous heritage maintains a living relationship with nature and ancestry.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) “A ruína do Maranhão”: a construção do discurso antijesuítico na Amazônia portuguesa (1705-1759)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-08-30) CARVALHO, Roberta Lobão; ARENZ, Karl Heinz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4213810951901055Anti-jesuism is a historical movement considered as old as the Society of Jesus itself, once it was born with the Order. In this thesis we study the Amazonian anti-jesuit discourse constructed during the first half of the eighteenth century by one of the most staunch enemies the Jesuits had known, Paulo da Silva Nunes. This agent called himself Procurator of the Peoples of Maranhão and undertook a campaign against the Jesuits in the colony for more than sixteen years and in the Court (Lisbon) between 1724 and 1742, writing documents in which not only he listed denunciations against the Company of Jesus but presented a political project to prevent the total “ruin of Maranhão” (colony). However, we do not understand this movement as a local phenomenon but rather as an integral and important part of a global movement, since we defend the thesis that the anti-jesuitism created in the first half of the eighteenth century in the colonial Amazon region by Paulo da Silva Nunes influenced in a decisive way the anti-jesuit actions, policies and discourses of the campaign undertaken by Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, future Marquis of Pombal, at the Court, in Europe and in the colony during the second half of that same century, culminating in the expulsion of the Order of all lands belonging to the Portuguese Crown in 1759 and its extinction in 1773.