Teses em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (Doutorado) - PPGDSTU/NAEA
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2297
O Doutorado Acadêmico em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (PPGDSTU) do Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos (NAEA) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). O Doutorado em Ciências – Desenvolvimento Socioambiental iniciou em 1994, absorvendo o debate crítico de ponta na época nos temas sobre desenvolvimento, planejamento e questões ambientais.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Determinantes das estratégias inovativas a partir da interação universidade-empresa: uma análise comparativa entre Brasil e Amazônia Legal(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-31) ALMEIDA, Leandro Morais de; BASTOS, Ana Paula Vidal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1992388595130579In recent decades, several studies and empirical research has pointed to the increasing importance of scientific institutions to the technological development of companies, countries and regions. Following this perspective, this thesis aims to analyze the dynamics of university/company interactions in Brazil and in the Amazon to disclosing the contribution of these institutions to the development of innovation. The analysis focuses on the impacts of interaction for the innovative development of enterprises and to evaluate how this innovative performance differs depending on the region where these flows are established. The study evaluates still such innovative performance differs depending on the region where these flows are established. For this, we used data from national research interaction university/company in Brazil. With this data set we present a descriptive analysis for the variables in the questionnaire, comparing Brazil and the Amazon, besides the application of econometric multinomial Logit model. The results confirm the main hypothesis raised in the study that the interaction is presented as a determinant of innovative strategies adopted by companies. The data demonstrate that the sources of funding and technical information from the universities are relevant to the development of new innovations for companies, but not for the country or to the world while the university patents, in turn, are relevant to the development of innovations in product to the world. The study also indicated that factors inherent to the company as an investment in internal Research and Development (R&D) and capital origin are essential to its innovative strategy such as the technology sector is not presented as an important component. The results also indicate the existence of significant differences in innovative strategies undertaken in the Amazon region, compared to the other Brazilian regions, emphasizing interaction patterns in pheripheral regions.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Diversidade, uso e manejo de quintais agroflorestais no distrito do carvão, Mazagão-AP, Brasil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-01-18) SILVA, Raullyan Borja Lima e; SABLAYROLLES, Maria das Graças Pires; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4786846P1; BASTOS, Ana Paula Vidal; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4755354Y1The agroforestry areas are production systems, which are located near the homes and are quite common in the tropics. They consist of agricultural and forest species and may also involve the raising of small animals in order to produce food for subsistence as well as income generation, with special focus on the conservation of biodiversity. Aiming at characterizing the floristic and ethnobotanical view of the agroforestry areas of the Carvão District and its internal organization, enhancing its composition, socioeconomic structure and function, focusing on aspects of management and usage, so as to gather information that contributes to the conservation of natural resources and their rational use to enhance this important cultural practice, 94 agroforestry areas in the Carvão District, Mazagão-AP, have been studied. During the fieldwork, the ethnographic method with the techniques of participative observation, formal and informal interviews, have been used. The collection of plant material was made through the usual techniques applied in botany. The residents‟ monthly gross income is 261.08 minimum wages (MW) with an average of 2.53 MW and a mode of 1MW, per household. Agricultural practices help with 30.82 MW, which corresponds to 11.801% of the total. The most common diseases in families are influenza, malaria and pain in legs and arms, and medicinal plants are used by the population in the prevention and in the cure of health problems. The yard areas investigated presented different sizes as well as the number of species and specimens, being the average size of 0.08 hectares. Domestic animals are raised so as to complement food and income. We recorded 218 species in 69 families and 164 genera, with an average of 20.90 species per yard area. The families with the largest number of species were: Lamiaceae, Solanaceae, Arecaceae, Asteraceae, and Rutaceae. The most frequent genera are represented by Citrus, Capsicum, Alternanthera, Justicia and Allium. The most frequent species were: Mangifera indica L., Anacardium occidentale L., Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, Euterpe oleracea Mart., Musa sp. and Cocos nucifera L. Regarding the usage categories, most species is multiple use, particularly for medical use (169 species), for food (102 species), for ornamentation (71 species), mystic (56 species) and for trees plantation (36 species). The yards are basically arranged in four distinct strata, and women play important role concerning the introduction and maintenance of the species in that environment. Management in such practices is simple and has low cost, since it involves traditional plant cultivation practices and the main purpose of the yard areas of the Carvão District is to promote complementary food items for families, except for a few of them who sell the surplus. The floristic composition and species distribution in the yards are determined by external and internal factors such as function and size of the yard as well as socioeconomic and cultural factors, also the direct influence of the family that selects the species according to their needs. These places could be better used in order to increase the productivity and utilization of the production.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A importância da inovação e seus desdobramentos sobre a pesca industrial dos estados do Pará e Santa Catarina (Brasil)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-06-28) SANTOS, José Nazareno Araújo dos; BASTOS, Ana Paula Vidal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1992388595130579Innovation is crucial to reach the socioeconomic development pursue by each country. Those that do not innovate or link innovation to their development agenda are left behind to the “centre”. This is so true, that developed countries are all more industrialized and innovative than those not developed. In Brazil this is also the case, despite being the sixth largest economy in the World, she is not a developed country, mainly because it occupies an intermediate position regarding manufacturing and innovation. This reflects throughout all activities including fisheries. Despite having a high productive potential extractive fishing when compared to other countries presents low production capacity, mainly due to the (un)willingness to adopt/develop innovative techniques that may enable a better performance. Another aspect that should be highlighted is its weak institutional capacity to promote sectorial development. In order to find alternatives to the current institutional structure of fisheries, Brazilian government, following institutional structures adopted by major fishing production countries, in 2003, adopted a new governance pattern for the sector. However, it did not change former structures. Therefore, remains relevant to identify those factors that make this important socioeconomic activity, hostage of market nuances and local circumstances that lead to inequality of the production assets of agents. In order to deeply understand it, this research in Brazilian states of Para (in the North/Amazon region) and Santa Catarina (in the South). Besides being the largest fishing producing states, are largely vulnerable to market behaviour and, at the same time present very unequal institutional frameworks and positions towards innovation. In order to compare the two states having in mind the role of innovation in the production process, an Innovative Performance Index was created based on multivariate analysis. Thus, primary data collected in the two states was submitted to a factor analysis. Results show that Santa Catarina's companies showed better results confirming the guiding hypothesis that innovation is the key to good performance at least in the fishing activity. Not forgetting that other context factors matter, including those institutional agents that closely follow domestic and international market dynamics. Another result that need to be highlighted refers to strategic skills of the entrepreneurs, that may perform better because can better cope with market complexity. Santa Catarina's entrepreneurs showed greater commitment to innovation reflected in the behaviour of their companies. These empirical results allow saying that a better integration of the institutions that coordinate agents involved in the fishing activity can create an environment that may promote a sound development of the activity and that this may apply to other sectors. This research deepened the discussion of the intricacies of innovation and its implications on development policy, allowing for strategic hints for those involved in regional and sectorial policy making.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Restrições à modernização e ampliação dos serviços de água e esgotamento sanitário: um estudo da eficiência na provisão dos serviços(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-30) BARBOSA, Raphael de Paiva; BASTOS, Ana Paula Vidal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1992388595130579This thesis analyzed the current structure of provision water treatment and sanitation services in Brazil and in the state of Pará, based on economical, physical and legal characteristics. The investigation focused on the disparities of the relative efficiencies of service providers in the coverage ratio. The technical and economical characteristics demonstrate need to adopt measures to regulate the sector's activities in order to increase the efficiency and quality of services offered. Otherwise, the regulatory framework changes give the indissociability of planning, regulation and service provision. Thus, the cooperation between the three levels of government as well as the possibility of the private sector participation, represents an important step forward in the effort to provide open access to basic sewage services in this country. The results of DEA models, shows that the supply of sewage services in Brazil and in the state of Pará, is limited by the poor performance of local providers. From this evidences, less than 1/3 of providers worked in a technically efficient level, both in 2001 as 2010. Consequently, the possibilities for improvements presented in benchmarking analysis proved that adopting productive Best Practices by companies with low efficiency would be possible to achieve significantly increases both quantitative units connected to sanitation network as the full length of water distribution and sewage collection mesh, from the same exploration expense index. In specific case of Sanitation Company of the State of Pará, this company shows beyond of lower efficiency in front of national average score, in both periods, the company presented inefficiencies in technical and scale conjunction. That is, besides of offering water and sewage services by general network below than its expenses, and lower financial return as desirable, the COSANPA worked in a range below the mean. From the comparative efficiency analysis of private enterprises and mixed economy societies with public administration, was noticed as light advantage than private companies in the provision of services, mainly influenced by the capacity of tax collecting and the general network sewer service. Precisely it is the service with a greater demand for investments. In the end, by relation the result of public companies efficiency with the rates of water supply and sewage collection by general network was showed that a direct relationship between the efficiency scores of the model and the access to sanitation services.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) As singularidades do processo de urbanização da Amazônia: uma leitura a partir das cidades de Porto Velho (RO) e Marabá (PA)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-08-18) NASCIMENTO, Cláudia Pinheiro; BASTOS, Ana Paula Vidal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1992388595130579The present thesis outlines as a result the research about the Amazon’s urbanization process, focusing in the cities of Porto Velho (RO) and Marabá (PA). With the goal to understand how the border incorporation process, in its different political-economic and social-ideological contexts, enters these urban realities giving birth to singularities in a local level. Thus, it sought to demonstrate the heterogeneity of the Amazon occupation process, despite the implantation of a homogenizing modernizer model from the 1960 decade, in order to answer how the implanted processes in the Amazon manifest in structure, function and shape organization of these urban spaces. The methodology of analysis used is set within the historical-structuralist tradition, grounded on Santos’s theory, which historically contextualize how the political, economic and social processes in each period analyzed specifically interferes in the organization of each of the urban spaces. The study in question aims to identify the factors that establish or contributes to the incidence of observable phenomena. The empirical evidences are supported by literature review, document analysis, secondary data, and in the development of a Geographical Information System that allowed to keep pace with the expansion of the analyzed cities, associated with its contents. The results reveal that there are singularities in the construction process of Amazonian urban spaces, despite having undergone identical processes present in all Amazonian border, and that these characteristics are manifested in form, function and structure in which the city undertakes in its intra-urban dimension. It is concluded that the condition of periphery of the Brazilian capitalist system, which maintains the natural and human resources, brought to the region a condition that is unique to all urban realities, which are precarious conditions of urban development associated with non-reinvestment of the profit in the region obtained by the withdrawal of resources and the development of economic activities, however, there are singularities that manifest only in a local level, related to the way the cities take on their role in the urban network and its urban structure.