Teses em Letras (Doutorado) - PPGL/ILC
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/6713
O Doutorado Acadêmico iniciou-se em 2012 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras (PPGL) do Instituto de Letras e Comunicação (ILC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).
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Navegando Teses em Letras (Doutorado) - PPGL/ILC por Orientadores "CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes"
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Atitudes e estigma: investigações sobre o status do alteamento da vogal média posterior tônica na variedade marajoara(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-25) FRANCÊS JUNIOR, Celso; AGUILERA, Vanderci de Andrade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8323910235303866; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577The present thesis, entitled: Attitude and Stigma: Investigations of the status of tonic posterior mean increase in the marajoara variety, aimed to: i) examine the role of social variables gender, education and age in the formation of linguistic attitudes towards a variety discredited and suffering prejudice; ii) investigate the cognitive and affective components, within each social variable, as elements that modify attitudes, variations and linguistic changes; and, iii) to study, in parallel, the recurrence of middle back vowels in stressed syllables in the variety of Portuguese spoken in the mesoregion of Marajó, as a variant evaluated below the speaker's level of consciousness. As a complement to the attitude survey, a posterior mid-vowel acoustic study in stressed syllable in the variety of Portuguese spoken in the mesoregion of Marajó was carried out, as a possible heightened variant and evaluation according to linguistic attitudes. For this purpose, the theoretical-ethodological assumptions of Variationist Sociolinguistics (CARDOSO, 2015; LABOV, 2008; AGUILERA, 2008; CALVET, 2002; MORENO FERNÁNDEZ, 1998; LÓPEZ MORALES, 1989) and Social Psychology (BEM, 1973; LAMBERT; LAMBERT, 1972; ROKEACH, 1968; LICKERT, 1932; THURSTONE, 1929). The universe of this research was the Marajó mesoregion, the largest archipelago of river islands in the world, with 16 municipalities legally, of which the cities of Breves, Curralinho and Portel were selected as target locations, as they comprise zones of interdialectal contact. The work methodology included procedures used for the collection, treatment and analysis of acoustic data and linguistic attitude, namely: i) instruments for collecting acoustic data on speech production, based on the interview protocol (Phonetic-Phonological Questionnaire); and, for data collection and linguistic attitude measurement (false pairs technique), from the attitude questionnaire; ii) profile of research participants, who add up to 72 characteristics socially stratified by sex, age group and education level; iii) variables controlled in the acoustic description (segmental, prosodic and social); and variables controlled in the analysis of linguistic attitude (gender, age and education); iv) data processing. In the analysis procedure, the following were performed: i) an acoustic characterization of the target vowel, based on the parameters of F1 and F2; and iii) an analysis of the linguistic evaluations of the eightening of the stressed back mid vowel in the marajoara variety. The acoustic data showed that the absence of heightening in the target variable was categorical, because in the constitution of an acoustic space that could show the effective behavior of what was thought to be a high posterior vowel, the occurrences of the segment [u] presented its distribution in the same region of the posterior mean [o], with mean value of F1 at 471 Hz and of F2, 956 Hz. This leads us to state that it is the same vocalic segment, based on the acoustic data. The result of the subjective evaluations revealed that native speakers of the marajoara municipalities, target of the research, manifested positive attitudes when they were placed in the position of judges to judge possible recurrent varieties in the marajoara region. This positive valuation reveals that, although the participants did not perform the heightening of the back vowel in the tonic, they rated it as a prestige variant. The acceptance and prestige given to the variant, a product of a positive attitude, are added to the feeling of solidarity, motivated by emotions, knowledge and positive reactions acquired in the use of its variety or in that of other subjects.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Caracterização acústica das vogais médias pretônicas /e/ e /o/ do português falado na Cidade de Cametá/PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-19) SOUSA, Josivane do Carmo Campos; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577The present Doctoral Thesis in Linguistics aims to provide an acoustic description of the middle pretonic vowels / e / and / o / in Portuguese spoken in the urban area of the City of Cametá/PA. As specific objectives, we sought to: a) verify the possible influences of social factors such as gender, age group and education on the variation of the pretonic mean vowels; b) to verify if the phenomenon of vowel harmony favors the process of variation of the target vowels in the variety of Cametá/PA; c) provide the acoustic space of the target vowels under analysis, according to the parameters of F1 (tongue height), F2 (anteriority/posteriority); d) to investigate the role of F0 (fundamental frequency), F3 (roundness of the lips) and Duration in the acoustic characterization of the pretonic middle vowels in the studied variety. For that, the methodological procedures adopted were those established by Cruz (2011) in the acoustic characterization of the pretonic vowel system of Portuguese spoken in the Paraense Amazon: a) standardized corpus - with 45 words selected based on the context of high variability in previous sociolinguistic studies; b) sample stratified socially in sex, age group and education; c) data collection using the text reading protocol aloud (Y); d) segmentation of data in Praat; e) application of the Praat Analyzer Tier script to obtain the acoustic measurements taken from the central part of the target vowels; f) organization of the values of the physical parameters in Excel; g) statistical treatment by means of the R program. The results presented are the treatment of the 789 data from the data collection protocol through the reading of text (Y), contemplating the 18 (eighteen) sound signals referring to the sample. The sociolinguistic analysis showed the predominance of the medium variants, both of the anterior (75%) and the posterior (60%). Then, the low variants: 15% for the former, and 27% for the latter; and finally, the high variants: 10% of the former, and 13% of the latter. As for the social factors analyzed, schooling proved to be the most interfering factor in the variation of the vowels under study, as it was found that the higher the level of education, the greater the likelihood of performing the medium variants, and the lower the probability of high variants, confirming, therefore, that the schooling process in the municipality of Cametá tends to erase dialect marks. The acoustic analysis, in turn, from the joint analysis of F1 and F2, confirms that it is the most compact pretense vocalic system in Cametá and with a greater tendency towards centralization, as attested by Lages (2017) and Verçosa (2018). Vowel harmony was confirmed by tests of significance as a phonological process favoring vowel variation. With regard to F0 and F3, these are confirmed as parameters of identity between the variants, precisely because they present very close frequencies, thus allowing the realization of the same phoneme at the underlying level to be considered. The duration, in turn, was considered more than a distinctive parameter of vowels, since it can also be taken as an identity parameter between the variants of the vowels in a pretonic context.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Da promoção da cartografia das línguas indígenas na universidade á construção de diretrizes para uma política linguística institucional multilíngue(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-22) LEITE, Marília Fernanda Pereira; CRAVO, Marilucia de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9728768970430501; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Investigando desvozeamento vocálico no português brasileiro (PB) : análise acústica e perceptual das vogais altas pretônicas(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06-26) FAGUNDES, Giselda da Rocha; MEIRELES, Alexsandro Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9913871449747690; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577According to Gordon (1998), devoicing occurs in practically all the languages of the world he studied, including Brazilian Portuguese, being the high vowels more susceptible to the occurrence of the phenomenon that Gordon also associates with the deaf surrounding environment and atonicity. According to Meneses (2012, 2016), devoicing is related to the reduction in the magnitude of the vowel gesture, caused by the short articulation time, allowing the consonant gestures to overlap with the vowel gestures. Therefore, this PhD thesis investigates the phenomenon of the devoicing of the pretonic high vowels in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), both acoustically and perceptually, through the application of Gestural Phonology theory, taking into account the phonetic contexts that most favor this phenomenon. For acoustic analysis a total of 1,440 vehicle phrases were collected. For perception, 8,208 data were collected regarding identification and gradation, which, among other conclusions, converge with the results of Meneses (2012, 2016) and Hasegawa (1999), that is, that the devoiced vowels occur without prejudice to the perception of these vowels, which, like the devoicing, varies from individual to individual; and Gordon (1998), because the articulatory and aerodynamic factors that induce devoicing conflict with the perceptive factors, which advocate against devoicing, since, perceptually, there is no clear distinction between voiced and voiceless vowel, but a gradient between the extremes.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Movimentos oculares e prosódia de leitura oral: análise dos marcadores prosódicos gráficos na leitura de alunos do 5 º ano do Ensino Fundamental(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-25) VANSILER, Nair Daiane de Souza Sauaia; KLEIN, Angela Inês; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8845056127169633; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6230-7938; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577The present Doctoral Thesis investigates the processing of Prosodic Graphic Markers - MPGs (PACHECO, 2003) in read-aloud. It aims to examine the processing of oral reading in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) taking into account the MPGs: Comma (VG), Period (PT) and Colon (DP) according to the BP intonational system defined by Cagliari (1981), which presents tonal patterns delimited by a Tonal Group (GT) consisting of a Salient Tonic Syllable (TT), Tonic Component (CT) and Pretonic Component (CPT). The methodology used combines acoustic and cognitive analysis. For the acoustic analysis, we recorded the oral production during reading of 58 5th grade students from the municipal school in Ponta Grossa (PR), all with ages between 9 and 12 years old, classified around the Reading Fluency variable, with a total of 29 students in the Fluent Group (FL) and 32 in the Low Fluency Group (FP). In all, 928 data were analyzed (58 students x 16 target sentences). Variables were controlled for taking the measures of intonational contours: Intensity (in dB) and Fundamental Frequency (f0) (in Hz) of CPT and CT, Duration (in ms) of TT and Pause (in ms). For the cognitive analysis, we employed the Eye Tracker Technique to take measurements of the eye movements of the 58 participants. The eye variables controlled were: Total Reading Time (TTL), Number of Fixations (NF), Number of Saccades (NS), and Mean Fixation Time (MTF). For the relationship between ocular and acoustic data, we applied tests combining the statistical variables and the stimuli: Test 1 (the number of fixations and duration of the internal pause), Test 2 (the number of revisits and duration of the internal pause), Test 3 (the number of fixations and duration of the final pause), and Test 4 (the number of revisits and duration of the final pause). The data was composed of three stimuli, corresponding to the reading of three different types of texts: Text 1, complex with the markers DP (2 target sentences), VG (3 target sentences) and PT (3 target sentences), Text 2, simple with the markers VG (3 target sentences) and PT (1 target sentence) and Text 3, simple without punctuation, containing 4 target sentences: i) 3 target sentences with VG value and ii) 1 target sentence with PT value. Data processing comprised the following steps: i) eye data extraction in BeGaze software; ii) segmentation of audio signals in Praat software; iii) extraction of the means of the physical parameters of the segments; iv) tabulation of the acoustic and eye relationship data; v) application of quantitative tests. In the prosodic analysis, the participants present in all the markers evaluated, inconsistency regarding the reduction or maintenance of CT and CPT in f0 and Intensity and no elongation of TT. The comparison of the averages of the eye variables between the FP and FL groups proves that the more complex the text, the greater the difference between the fluency groups. The results of the correlation analysis indicate that there is a significant correlation between the variables internal pause and fixations in test 1 (in texts 1 and 2) and internal pause and revisits in test 2 (in texts 2 and 3), which characterizes difficulty in reading processing due to internal pauses, revisits and fixations within the sentence; and between the variables End Pause and Fixations in test 3 (in text 1) and end pause and revisits in test 4 (in text 2), which means that when the duration of the amount of fixations and revisits increases, there is an increase in the duration of the end pause, which may prove the dwell-time effect (HIROTANI; FRAZIER; RAYNER, 2006; RAYNER, 1998), in which readers remain at the end of a clause until the resolution of the present clause. Overall, the data showed that there is a strong correlation between fixation, revisit, and pause duration in the processing of punctuation marks during spoken reading.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Padrão geoprosódico do português falado na Amazônia Oriental: análise comparativa de Belém, Macapá e São Luís(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-05-19) LEMOS, Rosinele Lemos e; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577The main objective of this thesis is to carry out a geoprosodic mapping of three inquiry points of Brazilian Portuguese (PB) spoken in the Eastern Amazon: Belém (PA), Macapá (AP) and São Luís (MA), using modal intonation as the object of analysis. It is a study based on the assumptions of Sociophonetics (THOMAS, 2011) for understanding a speech acoustic analysis that considers the performance of social factors such as sex and schooling in describing the phenomenon analyzed. The interdialetal comparison of the three capitals comprises an acoustic analysis of the physical parameters of fundamental frequency (in st), duration (in Z-score) and intensity (in Z-score), observed in neutral declarative and interrogative sentences. For data collection, the methodology established by the AMPER project was used. The treatment of the data consisted of several stages, two of which are in line with the AMPER methodology: a) data coding; b) isolation of audios in individual files. The other steps were carried out with the support of scripts created by Albert Rilliard (LIMSI-CNRS), used in the automatic segmentation of the data, namely: c) script lance_batch_easyalign_v3.praat to obtain the textgrid of the .wav files; d) script of correction_segmentation.praat for phonetic segmentation in the praat program 6.0.39, e) script AMPER_Textgrid2Txt_V3_boucle_DepoisEasyAlign_v2.praat that generated the files with the acoustic parameters; f) normalization of acoustic parameters. With the treated data, the acoustic measurements of the parameters of fundamental frequency (f0), duration and intensity were obtained, which were organized in an Excel spreadsheet for later statistical treatment and graphing in software R. In order to validate the acoustic analyzes, twonon-parametric statistical tests were applied (Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon) and the Post hoc test. For this research, speech samples were collected from eighteen speakers, stratified by sex, education (elementary, high school and university) and place. The total corpus consisted of 33 neutral declarative sentences and 33 total interrogatives, and the words used to compose the sentences contemplated the three accentuated staves of the Portuguese (stress on the last middle and first syllable and the extension of the sentences contains 10, 13 or 14 vowels, with sentences repeated six times by each speaker. In total there were 3.564 data analyzed (33 sentences x 2 categories x 3 best repetitions x 6 announcers x 3 places). This demonstrates that there are significant differences both for the place factor and for the social factors (sex and education of the speakers). The confronted capitals registered a similar prosodic pattern with respect to the variations of f0 in the acoustic characterization of the neutral declarative and total interrogative sentences. The results showed that the paraense, macapaense and ludovicense capitals followed the intonation pattern described for PB, with an elevation of the intonation peak in the pretonic and a drop of f0 in the stressed syllable in the neutral declarative modality (SILVESTRE, 2012). The total interrogatives showed lower f0 values in the pretonic ones with an increase in the final tonic, followed by a drop in the postonic ones when they existed, the circumflex pattern described by Moraes (1993) for PB. Regarding the intonational contour, the three capitals of the Eastern Amazon presented a similar f0 contour in the final noun phrase (SNF). On the other hand, there was a difference in the height of f0, since Macapá presented higher contours of f0 in the final stressed syllables, in the three accent staves, for the two phrasal modalities; while São Luís and Belém registered height of f0 approximate averages. The results of the acoustic analysis of the schooling factor showed that Macapá presented a greater variation of f0 in the three levels of education, in the three accentual guidelines of Portuguese for the two phrasal modalities. The duration parameter confirmed higher values in the tonic, with a similar production time in the two phrasal modalities, in the three mapped capitals, which is not a peculiarity of the modal intonation, but which is linked to the lexical accent. Variations in the intensity parameter are related to modal intonation. Therefore, the prosodic pattern of the target places found in this study behaves similarly to PB, since there was no difference in terms of modal intonation between the pattern verified in PB and the Portuguese spoken in the three capitals of the Eastern Amazon.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Vai tirar um dinheiro que é teu: caracterização prosódica e gestual das narrativas de enterro(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-03-29) BORGES, Benedita do Socorro Pinto; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577In the present study we focus a type of oral narrative, the burial narrative, which comprises the rescue of a supernatural treasure, revealed to a chosen person with a deserving profile. According to Fernandes (2007), the burial narrative is characterized by having four archetypes or meanings: protostory, descriptive, explanatory, deception and a structure composedof: origin, annunciation, manifestation, marking, ordeal and outcome. The elaboration of archetypes and structure is subordinated to the narrator's linguistic awareness. In the research athand, we expanded Fernandes' (2007) discussions, postulating that the narrator associatesprosody and gesture, to make a discursive break and/or produce meaning(s). The research corpusincludes 32 narratives, recorded in mp4 and wav format, prepared by native speakers from quilombola communities in Baixo Tocantins/PA: Mola, Itabatinga, Itapocu, Laguinho, Tomázia, Bomfim, Taxizal and Frade. Data processing involved: 1) transcription, according to the Conversation Analysis Notation System (MARCUSCHI, 1986); 2) structural analysis(FERNANDES, 2007); 3) segmentation in PRAAT to map the silent pause (in ms) and f0 (in Hz); 4) taking acoustic measurements with a relevant role in delimiting the parts (OLIVEIRA Jr., 2000); 5) notation in ELAN, of tracks, containing: a) parts of the narrative (FERNANDES, 2007); b) utterance (discursive sequence delimited by a pause of variable length), c) gestural dimension (MCNEILL, 2005): iconic, metaphorical, deictic and rhythmic; and d) gestural phases: preparation, blow, post-blow (KENDON, 2004), and 6) treatment in RsTudio. The result demonstrated that: 1) regarding prosodic analysis: a) the pause delimits the parts of the burial narrative, as at the border it has a longer duration (in ms); b) the pitch range (minimum, average and maximum) plays a crucial role in defining the parts, as it presents a downward curvature at the border. 2) Regarding gestural variables: a) the rhythmic gesture has greater occurrence and,b) the verbal-gestural movement is achieved through the elaboration of its nucleares phase: the blow. 3) Regarding the correlation between gesture and prosody, we detected that: a) during thepost-stroke, the duration of the pause is longer; b) maximum f0 is more prominent in the stroke and decreases post-stroke; c) the average f0 has a greater elevation during the pre-strike, has a downward curvature in the stroke and post-strike; d) the minimum f0 increases during the courseof the pre-stroke. Therefore, we attest to the hypotheses that there is a multimodal structure in burial narratives, because the narrator associates prosody and gestures to delimit the parts and/or produce meaning.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A variação prosódica dialetal do português falado em São Luís do Maranhão(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-02-27) CARDOSO, Brayna Conceição dos Santos; CRUZ, Regina Célia Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307472469778577