Dissertações em Enfermagem (Mestrado) - PPGENF/ICS

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/4815

O Mestrado Acadêmico iniciou-se 01/01/2011 pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem (PPGENF) do Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICS) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 7 de 7

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise espacial da epidemia de HIV entre homens jovens no Brasil: um estudo ecológico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-21) MARTINS, Cleyton Abreu; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530
Introduction: Globally, it is estimated that for every seven new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, two occur among young people. Spatial analysis studies are essential tools in the fight against HIV. Objective: To spatially analyze the Brazilian historical scenario of the HIV epidemic among young men, from 2007 to 2021. Methods: An ecological study that used secondary databases from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. All cases of HIV and immunologically acquired disease syndrome (AIDS) among men between 15 and 29 years of age and with fixed residence in Brazil were considered. The 5,570 Brazilian municipalities were considered as the unit of analysis and the HIV/AIDS incidence rate standardized by age group as a variable. The following spatial analysis techniques were used: 1) Spatial Distribution, 2) Spatial Autocorrelation and 3) Spatial Scan. Results: 108,392 cases of HIV were reported in Brazil among young men during the study period. The Southeast Region had the highest incidence rates, followed by the Northeast, South, North and Midwest regions. The HIV epidemic showed territorial expansion in all Brazilian regions, with the exception of the southern region, which contracted. Although there has been a decrease in the number of hotspots in all regions, in the North and Northeast regions there has been an expansion in the size of hotspots. There was no expansion of coldspots in the regions. The space-time risk zones were comprised between 2015 and 2021 and all were formed by state capitals and surrounding municipalities. Conclusion: The different behaviors of the HIV epidemic in Brazilian regions may be associated with different regional sociopolitical scenarios. The consolidation, expansion and emergence of new hotspots point to locations where the fight against HIV among young people should be strengthened. The space-time risk analysis shows that the highest HIV detection rates occur in municipalities with higher demographic densities, and the long time period suggests fragility in policies to combat the virus. For the elimination of HIV, greater integration of municipalities, states and the federal government is necessary in the search for greater social equity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise espacial da epidemia do HIV entre mulheres brasileiras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-25) BEZERRA, Ana Luisa Lemos; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530
INTRODUCTION: The detection rate of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among women has been decreasing in recent years. However, an epidemiological diagnosis at the national level is necessary to detail this behavior of the epidemic in this population, since the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remains the main cause of mortality among women aged 15 to 49 years. OBJECTIVE: To spatially analyze the historical scenario of the HIV epidemic in Brazil, among women from 15 years of age, from 2007 to 2020. METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN: Ecological study that used secondary databases of the Information System of Notifiable Diseases considering as unit of analysis the 5,570 Brazilian municipalities. All cases of HIV and AIDS among women living in Brazil were considered. The following spatial analysis techniques were used: 1) Spatial Distribution, 2) Spatial Autocorrelation and 3) Spatio-temporal risk analysis. RESULTS: There was a territorial decrease in the HIV epidemic throughout Brazil, but less decrease in the North, Northeast and Midwest regions. There was a decrease in the number of hotspost clusters (neighboring municipalities with a high incidence rate) throughout Brazil. However, some consolidated with expansion or contraction. Bahia, Paraná and Piauí were the only Brazilian states with coldspot clusters (neighboring municipalities with a low incidence rate), with Piauí standing out with the greatest expansion of this grouping. The South and Southeast regions presented spatio-temporal risks earlier than the other regions and all risk zones had in their compositions state capitals and most of them included adjacent municipalities. CONCLUSION: Although cluster hotspots have decreased in number, others have consolidated and new hotspots have also emerged. This study provides subsidies for the implementation of more effective and focused public policies to combat HIV among Brazilian women. There is a need to include municipal and state authorities in the planning of policies against HIV, always respecting the regional characteristics and each Brazilian municipality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conhecer para atuar: propostas para ações mais eficazes na prevenção do HIV/AIDS em adolescentes no município de Belém do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-31) LIMA, Mariana Souza de; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530
The State of Pará and Belém occupy the tenth and sixth position between the Federative Units and the Brazilian capitals, respectively, in the detection rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV infection has grown a mong young adolescents, even th ough the government media campaigns for HIV preventio n. From the year 1980 to the year 2013, the Northern Region presented a 111% increase in the detection rate among subjects aged 15 to 24 years. With the objective of designing more effective and timely health education campaigns against HIV infection in yo ung adolescents in the city of Belém, in this work I was PROPOSED in the foreground to outline the epidemiological profile for HIV infection or A cquired Immunodeficiency S yndrome (AIDS) among adolescents between the ages of 15 and 24 years for each of the administrative district of Belém, and secondly to evaluate the knowledge about HIV / AIDS among high school students of state schools in these administrative regions. The survey of the epidemiological profile will be done at the Center for Testing and Coun seling (CTA) of the Municipal Health Department of Belém (SESMA) using questionnaires filled by users, aged 15 to 24 years, whose tests were positive for HIV in the period between 2010 and 2015. The data were grouped by location of the user's residence. In order to assess the level of knowledge about HIV/A ids in high school students, semi - structured questionnaires with closed questions were used where the student has options to agree to the question, do not agree or mark "I do not know". It is hoped that th e results provided by this study will provide further subsidies to public health policies to combat HIV/ A ids . We hope that our findings will be sources for further studies and that they alert us to effective action in the fight against HIV in public school students by municipal, state and even federal agencies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A construção do cenário epidemiológico do HIV e AIDS na Colômbia: uma análise espaço-temporal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-02-06) RESTREPO, Jhon Fredy Montana; COUTO, Danielle Costa Carrara; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4583227212550116; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3810-1686; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530
The HIV and AIDS epidemic is a global health problem and has its own identity for each country, region and state. Spatial analysis techniques are useful as they allow situational diagnosis by correlating this with socio-political territorial factors that may contribute to the epidemic. However, during the literature review, no study of this nature was observed in Colombian territory. Objective: The present study analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of the HIV and AIDS epidemic in Colombia from 2008 to 2016. Methodology: This is an ecological study using techniques of spatial analysis and time series, in which Secondary data collected from the National Health Institute and the National Statistics Department of Colombia were analyzed. The incidence rates of HIV and AIDS and AIDS Mortality were calculated and a descriptive analysis was performed using the Microsoft® Office Excel® 2013 program and the Minitab 18® program. For temporal analysis, the regression model of the Joinpoint® 4.7.0.0 program was used. In spatial analysis, global Moran spatial autocorrection was used, followed by local spatial autocorrelation indicators, bivariate Moran analyzes and Kernel density. Spatial analyzes were performed using ArcGis 10.3.1 and TerraView 4.2.2. Results: Men were most affected by the epidemic during the study period. The incidence rate of HIV and AIDS tended to increase, while the mortality rate showed stability. The age group with the highest incidence growth was 15 to 44 in men and over 65 in women. The mortality rate increased in the age group of 65 years or more, for both sexes. The expansion of the epidemic occurred in the extreme North and from the central region towards the northeast of Colombia, with the municipalities belonging to the “coffee axis” and the Caribbean region being the areas of greatest epidemiological pressure. Tourist municipalities, crossed by the main highways, with high human development index and demographic density had the highest incidences. Between 2014 and 2016 there was an increase in incidence in municipalities in the border area with Venezuela. Conclusion: The incidence of HIV and AIDS is higher in the most developed regions of Colombia and is beginning to expand in municipalities bordering Venezuela. Highways play a major role in the spread of HIV in Colombian territory. Implementation of health policies in these places is necessary to reduce HIV and AIDS.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Epidemia do HIV e os determinantes sociais em saúde entre jovens no contexto amazônico: análise geograficamente ponderada e projeções temporais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-07-11) PEDROSO, Andrey Oeiras; NOGUEIRA, Laura Maria Vidal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9020674768816530; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0065-4509; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530
Introduction: In Brazil, the HIV/AIDS detection rate (/100,000 inhab.) showed a decrease in the general population of 17.2%, from 2009 (21.5) to 2019 (17.8). However, this rate increased substantially among the young population, which had the highest detection rate in the country, 52.0 (/100,000 inhab.) (BRASIL, 2020a). This advance on the young population is due to obstructions, discrimination, inequalities, stigmas and social and health inequities, intrinsic vulnerabilities of this population stratum that enhance their chances of becoming infected with HIV. However, the risk of HIV infection cannot be conditioned only to the individual, since behaviors are directly influenced by socioeconomic territorial factors that exceed the individual. Despite all the advancement of HIV among young people, there is a scarcity of studies aimed at analyzing the impact of Social Determinants of Health (SDH) on the epidemic in this age group. Objective: To analyze temporally and spatially the HIV epidemic among young people in the State of Pará. Methods: An ecological study that analyzed HIV/AIDS cases diagnosed between 2007 and 2018 in Pará, Brazil. An exploratory analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. The temporal projections (2019-2022) used mixed method, ARIMA + STL in the RStudio software. For the spatial analysis, we used statistical scanning techniques to obtain the Relative Risk (RR), with a confidence interval of 95%; Moran's autocorrelation statistic considering statistically significant (p < 0.05) for building the LISAMap in ArcGIS software. In SPSS software, we developed models from Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and later by Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), with spatial analysis of residuals, with the help of MGWR and ArcGIS software. Results: Of the 8,143 cases analyzed, 47.97% were young people between 25 and 29 years old, men (66.46%), mixed race (76.95%), living in urban areas (85.20%) and heterosexuals (54 .41%). An expansion of HIV among young people in Pará was identified, with a temporal projection of increase for young people aged 20-24 years. Spatial variability of DSS: 'Basic Education Development Index'; doctors per 10,000 inhabitants and municipal high school abandonment (MHSA) rate were associated with the risk of HIV infection among young people. The relative risk showed spatial variability. Conclusions: The SDH associated with HIV risk among young people in Pará, show social particularities of HIV in the study region and should be considered in the formulation of policies to reach the global goal of eliminating AIDS by 2030 among young people.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Morbidade por HIV e AIDS na região amazônida: análise temporal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-10-30) PINHEIRO, Adriana de Sá; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530
Introduction: Since the discovery of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the early 80s, the epidemic has become a serious public health problem due to its rapid worldwide dissemination. In Brazil, although the average detection rate of HIV and AIDS have shown a reduction of 9.4% in the last ten years, the North and Northeast regions showed growth (44.2% and 24.1%, respectively). Pará occupies the 8th position at national level in detection rate of HIV and AIDS (23.6 cases per 100,000 inhab.). Objective: to analyze the historical series of the HIV epidemic in the State of Pará. This study is a ecological time series, in which secondary data collected from the Notification Disease Information System were analyzed between 2007 and 2018 in the 144 municipalities of the State. The following variables were used: gender, age, race / color, education, exposure category and municipality of residence. Only residents in Pará and those over thirteen years old were included in the study. To calculate the incidence rate of HIV and AIDS, the number of new cases of HIV and AIDS among residents over 13 years old was considered as variable, divided by the number of the total population residing in the same age group in the municipalities, regions and state and multiplied the ratio by 100,000. Annual percentage changes (APC) in incidence rates were calculated using Joinpoint modeling. For the analysis of epidemiological variables between the two defined periods, the chisquare test and residual analysis were used. P≤0.05 values were considered statistically significant. Results: The incidence rates of HIV and AIDS in 2007 and 2018 increased by 420%. An inflection point was identified for the series, separating it into two trend periods: 2007 to 2012 (G1) and 2012 to 2018 (G2). In G1, the incidence increased with an annual percentage variation of 1.6% (CI = 15.0 to 21.5; p≤0.05), while in G2, the variation was 29.8% (CI = 19.9 at 40.5; p≤0.05). Changes in age and education profile were observed between G1 and G2: in G1, adults with low levels of education were the most affected by the epidemic, while in G2, the young population with high levels of education. According to the analysis of the HIV infection trends together with the exploration of the socioeconomic dynamics of the municipalities whose HIV cases were more frequent in each of the state's mesoregions (Oriximiná, Belém, Bragança, Abaetetuba, Marabá, Parauapebas and Altamira). The incidence was higher in municipalities with better socioeconomic conditions, but with lower coverage of the Family Health Strategy. Identifying changes in the profile of new infections direct the visualization of key populations, as well as localized epidemics and their dissemination forms for the adoption of public health policies competent for the management of HIV infection.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mortalidade por AIDS em amazônidas e seus determinantes sociais: análise espacial e temporal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-05-20) RODRIGUES, Taymara Barbosa; GOMES, Dulce; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530

Navegar

Navegando Dissertações em Enfermagem (Mestrado) - PPGENF/ICS por Orientadores "BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro"