Teses em Sociologia e Antropologia (Doutorado) - PPGSA/IFCH
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/8829
O Doutorado Acadêmico pertence ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia e Antropologia (PPGSA) é vinculado ao Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (IFCH) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).
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Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Arena pública, dominação e resistência em um território amazônico: o fórum de desenvolvimento sustentável das ilhas de Belém-PA (2006-2020)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-11-24) LOPES, João Luiz da Silva; TEISSERENC, Maria José da Silva Aquino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1799861202638255This study discusses the way in which island riverside communities in the cities of Belém and Acará, state of Pará-Brazil, mobilized and participated in the Public Arena / Forum of Sustainable Development of the Islands, to claim their rights regarding health, education, sanitation, water supply, public security, electric / solar energy, income generation and overcome its invisibility. To analyze this problem, was adopted as a framework for analysis the sociological approach to collective action by Daniel Cefaï, Veiga and Mota (2011), which privileges the local situations that are at the origin of the constitution of public arenas. The study requires a descriptive qualitative approach in which the collection of information / data was carried out through informal conversation; participant observation in events such as: meetings, deliveries of food baskets, toys and school supplies, visits and collective initiatives; documents research (project, plans, reports and meeting minutes); and open interviews with active people from the island riverside communities, the government, religious institutions, NGOs of research and extension. The results indicate that in a territorial context historically marked by clientelistic socio-political relations, it is reasonable to consider this experience of participation and mobilization as an important event, which constitutes political education, with the necessary learning towards the inclusion of this subordinated segment in the decision-making process regarding public policies of their interest. This mobilization benefited from the essential support of technicians from public agencies, specialists from universities and politicians from the progressive field to encourage the complaint against injustices inherited from colonization, maintained and updated by the domination system, with perverse effects impregnated in the set of relations with the active people of the local power system - what is called coloniality. The mobilization faced resistance from a certain conception that it sees as island riverside communities as backward and doomed to disappear. The strategies of the riverside people have contributed to the politicization of local challenges, but have been limited by several elements, such as the absence of an innovative legal apparatus, disregard for the unequal conditions of participation, the use of inadequate methodologies, the lack of appreciation of the work of translators / mediators, the lack of recognition of the subject's diversity of ontologies, an incomprehension of the different cosmologies and epistemologies, factors that worked as barriers to mobilize and also question the traditional domination system on which local power is based.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) A Braz é (e) quem ‘a faz’: paisagens de poder, experiências e apropriações na avenida Braz de Aguiar, em Belém (PA), Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-03-31) OLIVEIRA, Enderson Geraldo de Souza; SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1972975269922101In this research, I observe some subjects' experiences on Avenida Braz de Aguiar, in the neighborhood of Nazaré, which is considered destined for the middle bands of Belém do Pará, Amazon. Taking into account that landscapes are procedural constructions (SANSOT, 1983; SILVEIRA, 2004; ECKERT, 2009; ECKERT and ROCHA, 2013), I paid attention mainly to the establishment of “power landscapes” (ZUKIN, 1996), which are attractions and / or are consistent with the subjects' practices. Such powers, especially the economic one, are expressed by habitus (BOURDIEU, 1983), perceptible throughout Ethnography of Street (ECKERT and ROCHA, 2013) and Ethnography of Duration (ECKERT and ROCHA, 2013). At the street, services were and still are aimed for financially privileged layer of the city, with greater purchasing power and status, something fundamental in building and maintaining a certain “distinction” in the context of Belen. Braz, then, becomes a “socially hierarchical geographic space” (BOURDIEU, 2007), in which leisure (VEBLEN, 1965) seems to be more achievable, but not for everyone. Together, this points out to the establishment of specific processes of sociability and sociation (SIMMEL, 1983) in the urban world of Belen, in which it is also necessary to discuss the “aristocratic” way in which some individuals adhere/(re)create such contemporary urban physiognomy and how the avenue is referred to and represented on social media.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) ‘Cria(da)s’, ‘Casadas’: “meninas”, “circulação” e “entrega” em Breves (Marajó)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-05-30) CASTRO, Avelina Oliveira de; GONÇALVES, Telma Amaral; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7335593537033167; MOTTA-MAUÉS, Maria Angelica; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7861116876230464The presented thesis identifies and reads, anthropologically, narratives and livings of "circulation" and "deliver" of female adolescents, around sexuality, built in the day-to-day, in Breves town, in Marajó. Its an etnography that has been realized between the years of 2016 and 2020, in the refered town, using as methodology, the direct and participant observation. The research contemplated as main interlocutors 36 people being 26 women and 10 men, besides listening dynamics in conversation wheel another 26 adolescents – 15 girls and 11 boys – and another 18 children from public schools and also a number of residents with whom there has been coliving, observation and listening throughout the period of realization of the research in the field. Through theorical references from feminism and studies of coloniality it has been observed and analyzed inside the process of circulation, enlarged in this thesis, the movemente of deliver, not only of "crias de família" but also the deliver of teenage girls to the marital purposes. Both movements – and rituals – of delivery possibilitate visualizing relationships crossed by reflexes of Brazilian colonization, observed, in a type of "enslavery culture", but also by relationships of coloniality in all of its dimensions, such as genre, once these dynamics are, mainly, with girls, in a process that objetifies them, but in which also can be observed their actions in the sense of confrontation and resistence to the lived opressions.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Noivado e ritos pré-nupciais: um estudo sobre significados, experiências e codificações de uma unidade cultural(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05-24) ALENCAR, Breno Rodrigo de Oliveira; RODRIGUES, Carmem Izabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5924616509771424This thesis aims to identify the place of engagement and prenuptial rites in anthropo-logical theory. Based on the concept of cultural unity, it analyzes the way in which bridal beliefs and behaviors are formulated, stimulated or repressed having as an interface the decomposition of the codes that make this ritual the main expression of the alliance process in urban segments. Drawing attention to the literature review, the first part of the work emphasizes the plurality of interpretive cut-outs and the relevance of enga-gement as a category of analysis, whether within contemporary rituals or the interpre-tation of the alliance in kinship studies. This part of the thesis is also dedicated to iden-tifying the values, processes and symbols that regulate the choice of engagement as a type of relationship in the urban world, adopting, as a source of reflection, the contri-butions of Thales de Azevedo and the vocabulary that permeates their meanings in social networks, press and cinema. The second part of the thesis emphasizes the in-terlocution with the subjects, having the same occurred from interviews conducted as bride and groom in the city of Belém, Teresina and Brasília. Its purpose is to describe the process by which bridal codes are incorporated into the biography and socialization of the interlocutors, taking into account their role as agents and interpreters of this experience. The third part, finally, explores the mediation carried out by the market and the Catholic Church, which, acting as codifying institutions, discipline, respectively, the symbols around the nuptial ritualization and the values and meanings related to the conjugal identity. This approach is based on ethnographic research conducted at Bridal Fairs and Marriage Preparation Meetings ("engagement courses") in the cities of Be-lém and Teresina.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Pueblo Pijao y recuperación de Ima reetnización, sabidurías propias y defensa territorial en el Resguardo Indígena San Antonio de Calarma (Tolima, Colombia)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-20) ORTIZ GORDILLO, Andrés Felipe; CASTRO, Edna María Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146This research undertakes the critical systematization of the territorial recovery process that the Pijao people of the San Antonio de Calarma Reservation (Tolima, Colombia) has carried out since the mid-1970s. This process has been called “the recovery of Ima” (Mother Earth in Pijao), and is structured by two dimensions of the indigenous territorial struggle in the municipality of San Antonio de Calarma: recovering “ownership” of territories considered “ancestral” –both by institutional means and by de facto territorial occupation–, and the healing or restoration of balance in the "dry world" (Ima, the territory) in order to "return to the origin." Through militant research—situated in the methodological field of collaborative ethnographies and drawing from the epistemological principles of participatory action research—the recovery of Ima was determined to be not only a process of territorial defense, but also an exploration of the Pijao's own way of being, thinking and feeling the territory, an onto-epistemic process that has led to the recovery of Pijao wisdom called "Life-Conceptions", a complex relational system of territorial knowledge that proposes alternatives to the multiple crises imposed by capitalism. At the same time, the process of recovering Ima has contributed to the re-existence of the Pijao people in Southwest Tolima, by questioning the "de-Indianization" strategies that, since the mid-19th century, landowners and agro-industrial entrepreneurs used to "peasantize" the indigenous workforce and integrate the region into the circuits of coffee production which sustained the Colombian economy in the 20th century. In this sense, the recovery of Ima is an expression of the re-Indianization-re-ethnicization experienced by Tolima’s Pijao people, who have found in their territorial struggle a path to uncover their own wisdom and their own ways of organizing and mobilizing, with the ultimate goal of "recovering the balance of the dry world and returning to the origin."Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Recomposição socioterritorial em contexto de mineração: Utopia e distopia do PAE Juruti Velho – Pará, Baixo Amazonas(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-16) MIRANDA, Tania Nazarena de Oliveira; TEISSERENC, Maria José da Silva Aquino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1799861202638255This work, from an informed perspective in the sociology of public action, challenges the complex relationships that took place between communities and the mining company Alcoa, from 2009, in Juruti Velho, district of Juruti (Baixo Amazonas). The research privileged observations about the Juruti Velho Agroextractivist Project, as an initiative inscribed in the developments in terms of the socio-territorial recomposition produced with the aluminum exploration venture, thus inaugurating, at the same time, a conflict arena involving traditional communities, publics agents, corporations, catholic Church and social movements, actors of different backgrounds and relevance. In this process, there are experiences of intense conflicts resulting from internal differences in the communities, somehow related to the presence of mining activities and interests in that territory. The data collected resulted from a methodological approach close to action research with involved riverside communities. Interviews, direct observations at meetings of the association to which 53 local communities are affiliated, as well as photographic records constitute the techniques by which the basis of data and information was built, in which it was identified as emblematic of the rupture of neighborhoods ties previously witnessed by the practice of puxiruns (group work aimed at completing a task more quickly). An important practice in a social recomposition of the territory, through local actions with which the communion of utopias was an agglutinating element. Thus, in Juruti Velho there will be an intense process of articulation and popular mobilization aiming at recognition as a traditional community and, through this recognition, the titling of their lands. As a result of this process, the management of royalties, paid as a counterpart to the bauxite mining rights, is now carried out by the communities in order to promote the sustainable development of the territory. It is through this management, here interpreted as territorial, and its dynamics in terms of utopias and dystopias, involving the representatives of the communities involved in the Juruti Velho Agroextractivist Project, as well as in the process of resignification of the puxiruns, which sought to understand the contradictory relations between the communities and the mining company, and in them what is projected as a future in relation to the territory, object in which, and around which, actors mobilize to reach a goal, in this case, the control of their management, according to with the demands of sustainable development. It is understood that the harnessing of royalties under the management of the Association of Riverside Juruti Velho (Acorjuve), while, at the same time, signifying achievements, integrated a territorial recomposition, bringing challenges faced with the resignification of traditional social practices such as puxirum, thus enabling new prospects for the future of the territory.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Regularização fundiária na estrada nova de Belém: o que está em jogo no Programa Chão Legal?(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-04-24) ALVES, Edivania Santos; PEIXOTO, Rodrigo Corrêa Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9872938064820413The thesis investigates The Chão Legal municipal program of agrarian regularization, run by the municipal government of Belém, on sub basins 1 of Estrada Nova. Its objective is found in the verification, analysis, nd interpretation of verifiable social developments during the implementation of the agrarian regularization program.The sociological methodology applied used the various data were collected and analyzed with the following premise: what is at stake on the Chão Legal in Estrada Nova in Belém? My thesis is that the execution and management of projects, sanitation and urbanization are expressions of classist and racist rationality, according to the logic of the market. In this logic, the residents are not seen as a priority of programs, i.e. your presence in the place is not considered a foundation of urban politics. The residents are regularly treated as obstacles to a selective redevelopment, intended for the area. The social and urban redevelopment of these areas means the removal of the original residents, poor and racially completely outnumbered. The popular housing is not contemplated in the sanitation and urbanization process, as something inherent in the project, the solutions adopted are precarious and provisional. The project does not consider as a priority the maintenance of people in their places. Therefore, contrary to the rhetoric produced by the State that the sanitation, urbanization, and adjustment of urban land will improve the lives of residents, what occurs is a war against the poor people. It is known in Belém that "sanitized outskirts is not for the poor people‖. But it is important to ask: who are the poor people who have been historically racialized and made inferior?Are these people given the right to dream of a "cool" place, with ownership and security without flooding? The racism of the ruling elites in relation to the populations of the Belém‘s watersheds associates three elements by assigning them related and overlap meanings: related and directions: social, racial and dwelling place, based on hierarchy of superiority and inferiority. In other words: to be poor, black and live in neighborhoods that make up the basin of Estrada Nova carries derogatory and unbiased meanings, that result in the production of an overlay image of stigma where the sense of humanity to these people is denied. Such a denial legitimizes the barbarism that afflicts these people despised. This process converts The Estrada Nova in a ―vast territory of reserve" to be appropriated by the legal market. To the extent that the areas are consolidated as of interest to the real capital state, there is a strong market pressure on the residents, which may result in the forced or consented expulsion, observing the examples of what has been done in other cities around the country and even in the Belém city in similar projects. Finally, the desire and understanding of the present work is not limited to the academic environment. It resulted in the production of a booklet that, through synthesis and repertories, aims to inform the public about ongoing clashes and the ones to come, providing indications of what is at stake.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Tecnologia social para qualidade de vida em territórios de conservação: reservas de desenvolvimento sustentável Mamirauá e Amanã Amazonas(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12-12) NASCIMENTO, Ana Claudeise Silva do; MOURA, Edila Arnaud Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2154370107837866; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0093-8464; TEISSERENC, Maria José da Silva Aquino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1799861202638255The concept of Social Technology (ST) has been used—within academy and beyond—to mark the boundaries of a domain that is critical of the common positionings of technological determinism and scientific neutrality. The relationship between science, technology and society has resulted in a political agenda that aims to enhance local transformations, citizenship and social inclusion, by coordinating knowledge and practice, and to promote social emancipation. It is in this context, drawing from theoretical studies on science, technology and society, that the present work approached its subject. The research problem was defined in an analytical framework involving the nexus: “conservation unit; social technology; quality of life”, based on an experiment undertaken by the Sustainable Development Institute Mamirauá (IDSM). The aforementioned institute is an active protagonist in tackling technical-scientific problems such as inadequate drinking water and electricity in rural communities of Amazon floodplains. The main objective of the thesis is to analyze the diversity of effects and changes triggered by the IDSM in two riverside communities, located in the Sustainable Development Reserves Mamirauá and Amanã (Médio Solimões region), based on their access to other types of knowledge and technologies. The technologies were developed or reapplied by the IDSM with a technical-scientific perspective, aiming to promote quality of life among the local population as a component of sustainable use environmental conservation. The STs under analysis were water pumped from a river and household lighting, both using photovoltaic solar energy. To this end, the following aspects were considered: the social management—collective or individual—of a new technology proposed by a community; ways in which the aforementioned systems were appropriated; and the challenges and conflicts that interfered in their introduction and use. The methodological approach was designed by combining quantitative and qualitative research procedures, including bibliographic review, participant observation, ethnography and semi-structured interviews. Databases compiling demographic and socio-economic surveys of the Mamiraua and Amanã Sustainable Development Reserves, from the years 2001, 2002, 2006 and 2011, were analyzed to identify changes in the families’ lives throughout those years. Qualitative research also allowed the participating families’ perceptions on such changes to be evidenced. The findings indicate that, beyond reaching technical success, a series of measures are required as pertains to the social organization and use of the technologies. In this respect, consideration of the following factors would allow the concept of social technology to be understood in a broader fashion: the degree of the families’ involvement in the process of implementing the ST—in installation and maintenance—; the creation of mechanisms to ensure the systems’ sustainability; the creation of an internal standard and the instatement of a maintenance fund to buy spare parts and repair damages to the equipment; continued training to ensure local technical knowledge, and; follow-up of service failures and interruptions, in addition to user satisfaction. Such mechanisms are necessary as social technologies inherently incorporate innovative forms of organization and participation of the population as concerns the use of available resources.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Os trabalhadores da Ciência: a crise da ação coletiva dos docentes da UFPA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-05-05) FARIAS, Silvio Kanner Pereira; SCHMITZ, Heribert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2294519993210835This work refers to collective action fild of studies, more especiclally about trade unionism organization. The empircal object is the Professors Association of the Federal University of Pará (ADUFPA). Intruce contributions of the Sociology os Organization and Social Movements in a Sociology of Work. Discuss the critical condition of the proferssors trade union in the frame of the degradation of higher education and the especifix working conditions. Through the empirical interviews and documental research has been verified a situation that can be called collective action crises. The theoretical answers from sociology of work to the trade unionism Brazil crises, despite of their important contribution to evaluate the macro conditions of work and trade unionism, do not allow an explain for this case. Because of what, does not ask about the organization and the specific form of work control. Concludes that it was constituted an specific mode of control of the professor´s work at the public Brazilian universities, the intellectual productivism, adapted to a degradation of conditions for scientific research. Like others, this mode has been affected the capacity of collective action by means of time reduction and the subjectification of the injunctions of the necessity of scientific production at any cost. The graduate is your local of reproduction that introduces a specific form of alienation. Proposes that the nature of the collective action crises, even though the contextual aspects, can be find at the trade unionism practice, market by absence of organized sustained interaction between leaders and the workers that would lead to a construction and reconstruction the conditions to mobilization.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Turismo comunitário como sistema de dádivas na Amazônia: uma aliança entre reciprocidade e autonomia na gestão local do turismo em Anã e Coroca, Santarém, PA.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06-23) ASSIS, Giselle Castro de; PEIXOTO, Rodrigo Corrêa Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9872938064820413This investigation analyzed how the social relations woven between the endogenous social agents of the Anã and Coroca communities (Santarém / PA) are structured, and the relationships they establish with exogenous agents for the tourism offer, in order to identify the function of autonomy community in tourist initiatives led by local populations. The field research was guided by the assumptions of anthropological ethnography, in three different periods of immersion in the communities microcosms and macrocosm formed by Santarém and Alter do Chão. The methodological way of data analsis as bilt from the conception of Lanna (2000) on the ethnograph of echange. The field shoed that torism establishes relations of echange of ambivalent gifts (economic / symbolic) between internal social agents and those with agents external to the communities. This relational exchange of gifts creates an interdependent social network structure, without which the experience of tourism does not happen in the community. By promoting the connection of the microcosm with the macrocosm, tourism generates alliances and sociability in a systemic and complex way, as there is a reciprocal dependence between these environments. Therefore, in social environments that promote the exchange of goods and their spirituality in an ambivalent way, tourism can be understood as a gift and, the relational dynamics that it produces, as a gift system. The understanding of the dynamics of these social relations allowed me to infer that community tourism prodces a total social fact in the conception of Mass (2017). Detailed obseration of the tourist initiatives in Anã and Coroca revealed that, although both are called community-based tourism (TBC), the community or endogenous base is currently active only in Coroca. This is because this community operates its collective actions through reciprocity. As the social structure that sustains the autonomy of a community of dependence, tutelage and domination processes by external agents, reciprocity is responsible for promoting the self-management of collective interests, such as tourism. When identifying the alliance between reciprocity and autonomy in the microcosm of Coroca and its absence in the microcosm of Anã, I understood the function of autonomy and its relevance as a guiding characteristic for recognizing community tourism initiatives, as there is no way to mention the role of a local population in tourism management, if it is not free to choose; if it is not fully capable of making decisions in all the processes that involve the tourism operation, which ABSTRACT occur both in its endogenous environment (the community), as well as in the exogenous environment (travel market). I believe that self-management of community tourism is a possible way, as long as local populations have access to knowledge and technical training to self-manage in an integrated manner between their community demands and the expectations of the travel market.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) URBI ET ORBI Localização e globalização da canção popular paraense(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-11-26) MOREIRA, Nélio Ribeiro; COSTA, Antonio Maurício Dias da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2563255308649361; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-9264The doctoral thesis seeks to address, through a theoretical perspective of culture as an invention and the social process as a convention (WAGNER, 2012) and the agency of artistic objects (GELL, 1996), how a musical culture is characterized in its process, as a world artistic (BECKER, 2010), through associations of different colors (SIMMEL, 2006) consolidating a sound group (BLACKING, 2010) that operates in a context of worldwide interaction through globalizing processes (HANNERZ, 1996; CANCLINI, 2008; APPADURAI, 1994). I try to show that the world of contemporary Pará popular song is a social formation characterized as a social group marked by a certain stability in its actions and sociocultural perspectives and by different forms of interaction that are practiced among a diversity of members, intra and intergroup, which form networks of sociation and ataum in different dimensions, such as local and translocal scenes, the latter being taken from 1) connections between local artists with other artists already established in the Brazilian national scene, and 2) from the experiences of actors in transnational contexts. The form of data collection was based on the proposal of multi-sited ethnography (MARCUS, 1995), a fundamental element to compose the framework of elements to be analyzed, given the context marked by a certain dispersion of such data. The work is divided into two parts. The first, entitled Cultura Musical como Invenção is divided into four chapters: “Trajetória e campo”, “Invenção da cultura no mundo da canção popular paraense – I” “Invenção da cultura no mundo da canção popular paraense – II” e “Recriações na cultura musical paraense contemporânea: o caso do carimbó”. The second part, called Processo Musical como Convenção, comprises five chapters: “A cena local: os lugares da canção como espaço praticado para projetos”, “A cena translocal: projetos e práticas, redes e conexões”, “A cultura musical paraense em processos globais: fluxos, fronteiras e hibridações”, “Festival de Música Popular: a(tua)ção ritual no processo musical” e “A cena local em ambientações digitais: o Jambu Live como festivalização virtual”.