Teses em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (Doutorado) - PPGDSTU/NAEA

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2297

O Doutorado Acadêmico em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (PPGDSTU) do Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos (NAEA) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). O Doutorado em Ciências – Desenvolvimento Socioambiental iniciou em 1994, absorvendo o debate crítico de ponta na época nos temas sobre desenvolvimento, planejamento e questões ambientais.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acessos e barreiras à cidadania: as Organizações Sociais e as novas formas de gestão do espaço público nas cidades paraenses
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-11) BAENA, Silvia Cristina Pereira; TRINDADE JÚNIOR, Saint-Clair Cordeiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1762041788112837; BAHIA, Mirleide Chaar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6052323981745384; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-2019
The growth of the urban population is still a recurring problem that has serious impacts on cities, revealing a sharp contrast through socio-spatial and environmental transformations, which generates a process of territorial segregation. After all, urban growth does not necessarily come with better conditions of access to urban land. In addition, changes in the socioeconomic scope have redirected the management of cities and imposed models and parameters so that metropolises are readapted in order to make them more attractive. This scenario has also been repositioning the role of the State in the production of the city, especially with regard to new forms of management, which involves incentives beyond conventional public management. In this sense, this work aims to analyze the advances and limits of the management and planning model implemented by the public-private partnership between the Government of the State of Pará and the Pará 2000 Social Organization, in public spaces in Belém (Hangar, Mangal das Garças, Estação das Docas and Mangueirinho), from the point of view of citizenship and universal access to the service offered. This thesis starts from the criticism of political administration, which intends to think about public management from a critical perspective in accordance with the method of interpretation of historical-dialectical materialism, of a qualitative-explanatory nature. For data analysis, a triangulation strategy was adopted (interviews, documents and systematic observation), while, for categorization, a logical matrix on the topics raised, using the technique of content analysis. From the data collected, systematized and analyzed, it was found that the State, when using the management model implemented by the public-private partnership in the latter, as a result of neoliberal policies of its management reform project, strategically uses such partnerships in the with the aim of promoting the strengthening of the market, based on a corporate government, moving away from a conception of social justice with a socio-spatial development perspective, which allows universal access for the population. On the contrary, these partnerships, by providing, through contracts, the right to exploit services in exchange for financing and maintenance of the structure, made it possible to understand that the subversion of the criteria for providing the public service, from the importation of economic logics mercantile, with the prerogative that the private sector exercise more effectively the provision of services, depoliticized the relations between the State and citizens. So much so that, with this new reality, in which the company’s congruence, advocated by society’s policy, is universalized, the citizen is now seen as a consumer. In this way, priority is given to the dimension of efficiency and financial return. Therefore, new elements are observed, which make it possible to understand how the strategies, peculiar to the process of diffusion of the capitalist mode of production and free competition, advance in society from this new neoliberalist reason, which has transformed capitalism by establishing a set of policies, rules, norms of conduct and practices, as well as social control mechanisms that expand its influence in the world. This reality has guided nations and their governments, companies and subjects that regulate their actions from a subjectivity structured in the entrepreneurial logic.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Agricultor familiar horticultor do Amapá e sua força impulsionadora no desenvolvimento agroecológico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-11-18) PEDRADA, Ana Karolina Lima; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
Agroecology is a science with an interdisciplinary approach that has been built over generations, integrating traditional and scientific knowledge, promoting sustainable agricultural practices and building social movements, increasingly political, emancipatory and territorial. Studying this construction is seeking to understand the man in the field and how he contributes to agroecological development. The objective of this work is to understand agroecological family production as a driving force of rural development and how this producer is a key player in the formation and consolidation of a formal institutional environment in the state of Amapá. To achieve this objective, the research explored the forces that led to the institutional structuring of agroecology in the region; analyzed the historical structures of this family farmer, their agrarian trajectories and how they infuse their economic activity, directly influencing the preservation of biodiversity and local knowledge in the region when promoting food sovereignty; sought to identify the rationality and nature of the economic motivation of the family farmer in the state of Amapá and how he promotes agroecological rural development based on participatory strategies. Finally, it also sought to identify the agroecological practices used by family farmers in the state of Amapá to analyze the perspective of organic certification in their small agricultural productions focused on horticulture. The methodological approach used in the work was historical-structural and case study, where the research sought, from document analyzes and interviews carried out with the community leadership of agroecological family farmers and agents linked to institutional technical assistance bodies, about family profile and process of productive. As a result, the research concludes that, at first, the institutionalization of agroecology in the state was driven by local welfare agencies, but that the small production of family gardeners is increasingly present in this construction, boosting institutional agroecological development. The research also showed that the family farmer in the state is a multifaceted and diverse man, and his formation occurs according to spatial and territorial elements, so the family farmer from Amapá can be caboclo, riverside, quilombola, descendant of slaves, descendant of northeasterners , or former rubber tappers among others, making it impossible to reduce it to a single term or category. Also, the agrarian technologies promoted in its agricultural establishments are focused on agroecology, promoting biodiversity and food sovereignty in the state and proposing solidary economies with the formation of short circuits for the commercialization of its products. The research also identified two rationalities with different natures of motivation in the region: the capitalist family farmer, driven by capital accumulation given the growing formation of new social and economic needs; and the organic family farmer, a plural, diverse and territorial man, with a character of resistance, where his main motivating agent is the family. The research also showed that one is not an impediment to the existence (or not) of the other, nor is one an evolution of the other, they coexist in the same space, holding different social rationales and both promote rural development based on participatory strategies, such as formation of associations in order to promote collective practices. Finally, a prognosis was raised for a possible organic concession, issued by MAPA, in horticulture promoted by family farmers in the state and it was identified that 85% of family farmers in Amapá do not use pesticides in their production, 59.8% of family farmers promote some type of agroecological practice, such as crop rotation and/or fallow land, promoting socio-biodiversity, based on their traditional knowledge that is passed on to the next generation. The research also identified bottlenecks for the concession, which are predominantly bureaucratic, such as documentation, lack of a community bank of creole seeds, potability control and water use, compliance with sanitary standards for cleaning its products as recommended by law and strengthening of short marketing channels. Even so, the research concludes that the organic concession for family farmers, horticulturists in the state, is entirely feasible. Finally, the research shows that the family farmer in the state of Amapá is a key element in the structuring of agroecological production in the state and in the consolidation of a formal institutional environment, given their histories, motivations, resistance and struggles.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agro é POP ou a Globo é agro?: relações de poder e dominação através da construção das narrativas de riqueza e dos padrões de consumo pela comunicação midiatizada do campo da agropecuária
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-10-14) CUNHA, Larissa Carreira da; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
The thesis analyzed the relations of power and domination in the field of agriculture through the construction of narratives and consumption patterns through the communication of the hegemonic agents that integrate the media field, represented by Rede Globo in partnership with the field of the Market and the State. The hypothesis was constituted with the assertion that the belief in the wealth narratives built by the mediatized communication of agribusiness enables the agreement of a hegemonic model of development based on neoextractivism, colonial thought and the Cartesian-materialist paradigm, forging a consumer awareness of society agents. Theoretical and methodological references of the concepts of field, habitus and beliefs of Pierre Bourdieu, Foucault's Power, Kotler's marketing and Bernays' advertising, consumer awareness with the theories of Hegel and Jung, paradigms and development narratives with Rist and Korten, field of development and Amazon with Castro, veganism with Singer and Ferrigno, among others. 103 videos from the “Agro: the industry-wealth of Brazil” campaign were analyzed, as well as other communication materials from the broadcaster, using the media analysis methodology of Leach and Liakopoulos. The thesis demonstrated that Rede Globo, in addition to being a powerful member of the media field, also integrates the market field, these agents being the most dominant within the field of agriculture and livestock, together with the State, whose exercise of power constitutes the construction of standards of consumption and the narrative that constitutes the development model, in a process legitimized and validated by the agents of society, consumers. It was also demonstrated that there is a part of the agent that acts contrary to the rules of the field, exercising an anti-hegemonic consumption capable of promoting a disturbance within the field and the creation of new economic and social dynamics by hegemonic and non hegemonic agents . It was also concluded that the change in the development models involves changing the paradigm of reality, arising from the collective and individual change in consumer awareness. Following the model based on the Cartesian materialist hegemonic paradigm, there is the possibility of real and effective change in economic and development models for a truly harmonious result between economic production, preservation of the environment and respect for the other species that make up the Earth's biosphere. The thesis concludes that the change in the development models does not depend on the ideological change in the control of the hegemonic agents that are in power, and is linked to the conformation of the collective conscience, product of the individual conscience, which is validator of the paradigm.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agro não é tudo: a expansão da monocultura da soja sobre os territórios quilombolas na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-09) DIAS, Gustavo Francesco de Morais; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290
The Amazon biome has undergone intense transformations in the last two decades, primarily due to the advancement of agriculture. In this regard, the current Federal Constitution recognizes quilombola communities as cultural groups with the right to the demarcation of their lands. However, in the Amazon, this right has been threatened by the expansion of agribusiness. Therefore, the research question of this thesis is how the dynamics of land use and land cover affect the territories belonging to traditional populations and conservation units. Additionally, the influences of the Brazilian Forest Code (CFB), Soy Moratorium, and Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) on the expansion of soybean cultivation in the region were investigated. This study focused on the municipalities of Belterra, Mojuí dos Campos, and Santarém-PA, in the state of Pará, Brazil. In addition to the municipalities, the Tapajós National Forest (FNT) and the quilombos (traditional Afro-Brazilian communities) present in the municipality of Santarém were also analyzed, including Murumurutuba, Bom Jardim, Maria Valentina, Arapemã, Tiningu, and Murumuru. Mapbiomas data from the period 2000 to 2019 were used for the analysis of the region's images. The Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) methodologies were employed to describe the interaction among the actors involved in the expansion of soybean production in the Santarém Plateau region. Fuzzy Logic was used to describe the data derived from questionnaires, interviews, and secondary sources. The analyses conducted revealed significant deforestation in the municipalities of Mojuí dos Campos and Belterra due to the expansion of soybean production and pasture, which has increased exponentially in recent years. In addition, inconsistencies were observed between the Forest Code and the soy moratorium, allowing producers to advance with soybean production in the Amazon. Furthermore, it was observed that the expansion of soybean cultivation is driven by a series of public and private investments in infrastructure, particularly in road and highway construction, port development, and subsidies to large-scale farmers. In the Santarém Plateau region, it was observed that quilombola communities face difficulties related to access to public health services, infrastructure, and lack of state support. The study identified an expansion of soybean cultivation within and near quilombola communities starting in 2014, which raises concerns among these peoples regarding the preservation of their territories, way of life, and the increasing damage to local natural resources. It was also identified that forest and soybean variables are necessary conditions to explain changes in land use and land cover concerning traditional populations. Therefore, only when analyzed together are they sufficient to explain the phenomenon, meaning that improvements in forest and soybean conditions are necessary to prevent damages resulting from changes in land use and land cover on the quilombola populations in the Santarém region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Alta modernidade e a revolução socioambiental: indivíduo e coletividade na reprodução sociometabólica do desenvolvimento e da sustentabilidade na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-12-18) COSTA, Gilson da Silva; HURTIENNE, Thomas Peter; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7133222063843073
This thesis is a study of contemporary marxism sociology on the High Modernity around the relationship between individual and collectivity in the sociometabolic reproduction of the development and the sustainability - with cutout for Great Amazon, Post-War, from emergence of the Information Society Global. This is particularly the socio-economic phenomena, and socio-political currents in Latin America, the Caribean and Great Amazon, from its urban world and its correlation with the field. It runs thoughts on the prospect of socialist revolution based on Social and Environmental Revolution, featuring the politically historic stage of high modernity when there is participation or non-participation of the individual and community (peoples, working class) and what are its effects on for capital, labor, state and nature - from the daily practice in the pursuit of sustainability (social, economic, political, cultural and environmental). It examines how the process of sociometabolic reproduction of current capitalist society deepens the alienation, ideology, and skepticism among the working classes and peoples of Latin America - which is manifested in the dialectical contradiction between individual and community via participation or political apathy. Filtered through the perspective of sociometabolic building of the rational development and effective sustainability through Socialist, Environmental or Ecosocialist Revolution. Throughout the chapters, the thesis discusses the emergence of collective action and social capital in Latin America and these may or may not influence the disruption and construction of this new societal formation, since the mechanism of mobilization, involvement and political and critical participation of the communities, and of social and political subject of the revolution in the macro region. Some theoretical and methodological contributions to the field of Historical and Dialectical Materialism and General Systems Theory are promoted in the work. The theoretical contributions are articulated around interpretations and formulations such as the rational and effective sustainability, within and between dialectical permanent; socialism or extermination; “hecatombstagflation”; environmental revolution, hyper-alienation; super-ideology; ultra-skepticism; revolutionary social capital, among others. The methodological contributions arise from the junction of the method of study, analysis and interpretation of Historical Dialectic Materialism (HDM) and General Systems Theory (GST), articulated in the formulations: Historical Ecological Cybernated System (HECS); Dialectical Materialism and Historical Systemic (DMHS), which allow for greater analytical power and explanatory observations, readings and interpretations of facts, phenomena and situations addressed in this research. Weaving a wireless connection between the elements that deal with the capitalist development in high modernity - from the individual and the collectivity forward to the radicalization of alienation, ideology, and skepticism in the Global Informational Society - setting the phenomenon of development from a Marxist theoretical framework. The work discusses the relevance of the Socialist Revolution and the perspective of the Environmental Revolution, and the potential, limitations and opportunities of a Program of Transition to Socialism Ecological, Environmental or Ecosocialist, because the process of sociometabolic reproduction of the current corporate development and the tensions surrounding the real prospect of sustainability - precisely between Great Amazon building a new vision of cultural, socioeconomic, environmental and political-institutional which begins to emerge and tends to swell in coming decades of the century.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de eficiência técnica da Segurança Pública no combate ao crime de homícidio nos Municípios dos Estados Federados da Amazônia Legal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-26) MORAES, Arthur Cezar Anaissi de; SANTOS, Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3685339264701382; NASCIMENTO, Durbens Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4086120226722277
The thesis aimed to analyze the efficiency of public security expenditures in controlling the crime of death due to external causes (homicide) and socioeconomic variables in the municipalities belonging to the Federated States of the Legal Amazon from 2002 to 2015. The methodology used consisted in estimating a technical efficiency score calculated by municipality and with this it stratified by layers of isoefficiency the obtained results, delimited in this way: 0,01 and 0,25 (low efficiency), 0,25 and 0,50 ( (efficiency), 0.50 and 0.75 (average efficiency), and 0.75 and 1.00 (high efficiency), according to the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. The hypotheses tested were as follows: Hypothesis 01: The evolution of the overall total efficiency score (eftg), for the control of death from external causes (homicide), presents different quantitative and qualitative magnitudes correlated with the socioeconomic nature of the municipalities belonging to the Legal Amazon in the period from 2002 to 2015, being largely classified as Low efficiency. Hypothesis 02: The evolution of the efficiency score by population size, for the control of death from external causes (homicide), presents different quantitative and qualitative magnitudes correlated to the population nature of the municipalities belonging to the Legal Amazon from 2002 to 2015, being large part classified as High efficiency. The results obtained by empirical comparison of the descriptive mean indicate that the efficiency estimation for the control of the crime of death due to external causes (homicide) is delimited by socioeconomic, institutional and population factors, among the municipalities belonging to the Legal Amazon in the period from 2002 to 2015.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise dos impactos de mudanças nas precipitações pluviométricas sobre produtos florestais não madeireiros e as lavouras permanentes do Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-27) NOGUEIRA, Ana Karlla Magalhães; SANTANA, Antônio Cordeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2532279040491194
The objective of the thesis was to analyze the impacts of the changes in rainfall on non-timber forest products (NTFP) and permanent crops in the state of Pará from 1999 to 2013, measured by means of a panel data and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). Hence, the socioeconomic and environmental benefit of extraction and commercialization of Brazil nut, andiroba and copaiba oils were calculated. The influence of changes in rainfall levels on the permanent crop market in the mesoregions in the state of Pará were also measured from 2000 to 2013 by estimating the supply and demand equations in the form of fixed-effects dynamic panel data. It was verified in the analyzed period that the demand and the supply of Brazil nuts, andiroba and copaiba oils and products from permanent crops were inelastic in price. The income elasticity of demand encompassed Brazil nuts and andiroba and copaiba oils as superior goods and the permanent crops as essential to consumption. The cross-elasticity of demand indicated a complementary relationship between acai and Brazil nuts and substitution between products of permanent and temporary crops. The cross-elasticity of supply indicated that the production of oils and Brazil nuts does not compete with the use of labor, land and capital in the local market, since they are considered as joint products. In contrast, in relation to temporary crops, the cross-elasticity of the supply of permanent crops indicated a competitive relationship with the factors of production. Changes in rainfall have a negative influence on the supply of Brazil nuts, andiroba and copaiba oils and products from permanent crops in the mesoregions of Pará state. Regarding Brazil nuts, the results also showed that due to changes in the levels of the rainfall, a decrease has occurred in the socioeconomic environmental benefit for the population of western Pará since 1999, which is a decrease of 16.46% in relation to the benefit obtained before the change in the rainfall levels. As for the distribution of benefits after changes in rainfall, consumers were those who had the main losses, with a drop of 10.22% (-R$ 5,406.03 thousand) of total benefits. With respect to the oils of andiroba and copaiba, a decrease of 1.45% (-R$68.72 thousand) was also verified in the socioeconomic environmental benefit for the population of the western Pará. Consumers were the main losers, with a loss of -R$124.67 thousand/year. The objective of this research was to analize the impacts of changes on rainfalldy about forest
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Arte popular na Amazônia (Ilha do Marajó): a salvaguarda de um patrimônio imaterial pela sua reinvenção artística
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-02) BOUTTEVILLE, Monique Sobral Delamare de; FIGUEIREDO, Silvio José de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2578700144404800; LÉGERET, Katia
The present research is located in the Amazonian region, more precisely on the island of Marajó, and it involves some of its traditional artistic practices: carimbó, traditional dance and music that are caracteristics of the state of Pará and in certain Amazonian regions including the Marajó, and the story tellers. Carimbó artists and story tellers of this island live in solidarity with the local population and produce reference points that contribute to the identity construction of the marajoaras (the habitants of the island). They contribute to the fight against the invisibility of the populations in Amazonia, caused by the strong economic interests and the lack of efficient public policies in the region. The non-recognition, by the authorities, of these territories - which are imaginary as well as geographical and which belong to the Amazonians / marajoaras - accentuates the submission that is imposed on these local population. That's why we question the possible conditions of maintaining these practices on the island of Marajó, as aesthetic and social acts capable of opposing a protean crush and a symbolic, institutional, economic and political purposes. Thus, the central problematic, which we attempt to answer with our study, questions the possibility of a "living safeguard" of these immaterial culture heritages.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os Ativos naturais e as comunidades tradicionais na Amazônia: o caso da Reserva Extrativista Verde para Sempre, Porto de Moz-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-01-28) PARAENSE, Vinicius de Campos; SANTANA, Antônio Cordeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2532279040491194; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4324-9178
The natural products of the Verde para Semper Extractive Reserve include an extensive range of environmental services that, in most cases, do not have differentiated values by the formal market. It so happens that even the importance of the flow is in nature, its relative is minimal or non-existent from the point of view of the financiers of the conventional economy. In this way, more comprehensive costs and costs than forest facts can incorporate the value of forest and environmental products of importance, in view of all the costs that, all the costs of paramount importance, in all the costs of activities with the externalities generated to society, the total economic value of these environments must be incorporated. Therefore, the objective of this work is to estimate the value of the natural assets of the RESEX Verde para Semper, considering the carbon stock of the area of the trees and the total volume of the trees (benefit-cost analysis) and the Total Economic Value (VET) of the area to be managed sites from the perception of socioeconomic residents and created externally by the Community Forest Management (MFC) activity (contingent valuation method). In the benefit-cost analysis, the tree individuals included in the forest inventories of the Annual Production Units (UPA) of the Nossa Senhora do Perpétuo Socorro (Arimum), Por ti meu Deus and Paraíso do Acaraí communities were considered, obtaining the net present value forest capital (VPLCF) of: R$ 2,725,134.00 (R$ 6,776.41/ha); BRL 1,836,391.92 (BRL 4,045.36/ha-1); and R$ 650,151.92 (R$ 6,922.40/ha), respectively. The second methodology, designated by the integrated contingent valuation method (MIAC) was specified by the equations of willingness to pay (DAP) and willingness to receive (DAR), whose values were extracted from socioeconomic variables and indicators of the environmental dimension (DA) and dimension (DE), being included in the specification of the proposed econometric model. These results represent: the value that the interviewed residents are willing to pay for the preservation of the RESEX's natural assets and, thus, continue to enjoy the economic and environmental benefits promoted by the ecosystem products and services in the way that is currently being done; in addition to capturing the magnitude that they will be willing to accept, as a form of compensation, for the use of the natural capital in question. Based on the results generated by the MIAC, the average DAP value of R$ R$ 4.509,19/ha was obtained, considering the average total economic value (VET) of R$ 4.279.221,31 of the RESEX. The estimated average value of DAR was R$5.569,39/ha, reflecting a VET of R$5.285.351,11. The difference between the DAP and DAR values of only 19%, corroborates the innovative specification of the model and the efficiency of the field research. Finally, the estimated values show that local residents are aware of the magnitude of the natural resources and the socioeconomic potential of the RESEX's environmental asset, in addition to the essential role they play in their lives, as they are willing to pay high amounts for the maintenance of this asset and, thus, continue enjoying the economic and environmental benefits promoted by ecosystem products and services in the way they are currently being carried out.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento do município de Altamira (PA) sob a ótica dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (Agenda 2030) das Nações Unidas utilizando a ferramenta barômetro da sustentabilidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-26) QUINTELA, Patrick Diniz Alves; ARAGÓN VACA, Luis Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2713210031909963
In recent decades, there have been more debates related to environmental damage that has been causing changes at a global level, according to the understanding of the finitude of natural resources. The Amazon figures as a protagonist when thinking about the protection of the global ecological heritage. Given its importance, the largest tropical forest in the world has been contemplated with several projections to preserve it. Altamira is a municipality in the center of the Legal Amazon and figures as a reflection of the main problems faced in this territory. Traditional populations coexist with agribusiness, and both are flooded by large projects, although one side benefits more. The rural and the urban areas also provide the municipality with a contrast that makes it especially difficult to point out or even define what would be sustainable. Despite the numerous conflicts that do not allow this territory to homogenize, this thesis sought to carry out a socio-environmental analysis based on the axes of human well-being and environmental well-being, of multidisciplinary nature, for the municipality of Altamira, based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) launched in 2015 by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and thus evaluate the main obstacles to the full sustainable development of the municipality. To obtain the results, the methodology used is called the Barometer of Sustainability (BS) and is the result of the major global conventions that debate the courses that take the social, economic, and environmental dimensions. The results obtained showed that Altamira has an intermediate level for sustainability and reflects the need for a special look of the government to the indicators related to the great socio-economic axis as well as the need for the elaboration of strategies to remedy and contain the problems related to the great environmental axis. It was then concluded that the municipality of Altamira is far from achieving the goals established by the 2030 agenda, but that it presents breath and has demonstrated subtle changes that are moving towards achieving such objectives. Finally, although limited, this thesis was intended to date a result and create a basis for future research that aims to analyze, add, or even refute results obtained for the municipality of Altamira.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Balanço de nutrientes e sua inclusão no produto interno bruto do Brasil ajustado pela depreciação do solo agrícola
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019) AZEVEDO JUNIOR, Wladimir Colman de; SANTANA, Antônio Cordeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2532279040491194
The Brazilian economic growth has raised the discussion about the impact of cropping in agricultural soils. The productive flow could be degrading the stock of soil resources, whichmay lead to reduction in the national natural capita. This study aimed to measure the impactof production on the depletion of Brazilian agricultural land in 2010, answering if economicgrowth is sustained by the nutritive depreciation of agricultural land. The EnvironmentallyAdjusted Social Accounting Matrix was used to estimate the Environmentally Adjusted GrossDomestic Product (EGDP), based on the Integrated Economic and Environmental AccountsSystem of 2012. The Nutrient Balance provided the physical and monetary balances used toadjust the GDP. Since the land is a immobilized capital for cultivation, the maintenance costsare internalized by the rural producers, as a consequence, the EGDP found reveals that theGDP underestimates Brazilian production, since in 2010 there was an increase of R$ 4 millionin the stock of N, P and K in the national agricultural soil. Brazilian economic growth, therefore, does not compromise soil fertility.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biodiversidade da Amazônia e mercados locais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-04-04) MONTEIRO, Raimunda; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
The study Amazonian Biodiversity and local Markets analyzes the tendencies of the diversified use of the Amazonian Biodiversity in the conceptual bases of development and sustainable production and the potentiality of the local markets as strategic ally. This research sustains that the Amazonian economy can profit from the tendencies of increase in value for natural products, but founded on the high value set on knowledge and involvement of the local population by strengthening the position of the region in its relationships with the national and global markets. A large number of products derived from Amazonian raw materials has been identified, as well as an expressive variety of industrial uses and a favorable, local, national and international atmosphere. There is a conclusive evidence that big enterprises still look upon the external market as their main target inasmuch as the local cooperation ties can still be deemed fragile. The consumers in the city of Belém indicate that the local market is receptive to new products, but it has its own characteristics that demand a renegotiation on the non-traditional trends and uses. And it is well known that the development of an economy system set on diversified bases demands the construction of productive and institutional links as well as adequate public policies, without which many of the emerging initiatives are likely to be unsuccessful.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As Cadeias de valor alimentar inclusivas e sustentáveis do açaí e do peixe: o caso de Abaetetuba, PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-01-15) SALGADO, Mayany Soares; SANTANA, Antônio Cordeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2532279040491194; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4324-9178
The inclusive and sustainable food value chains of assai and fish are activities that generate income, employment, foreign exchange, with exports to Brazilian and international markets, as well as being fundamental to supplying the local market and preserving the natural stocks of assai trees in floodplains and fish in regional rivers in the territory of influence of the city of Abaetetuba. Due to the importance of these products in functional food, demand has been growing faster than supply, causing pressure on the stocks of these natural assets and generating environmental externalities in all links of these chains. In this context, the general objective of the thesis was to analyze the configuration of the assai fruit and fish value chains and the interaction between extractivism and the consumer market, taking into account the agents that act and define the peasant territoriality of the municipality of Abaetetuba. The methodology includes descriptive and interpretive analyses of the literature review and of the primary and secondary data collected. The field research, for the collection of primary data, contemplated the qualitative approach, with the use of the in-depth interview technique, aiming to capture the dynamics of the riverside peasants in their survival, based on the exploitation of natural resource stocks, and the quantitative approach, from the application of questionnaires, for the analysis of market information, via specification of consumer demands for assai and fish. The representative sample included 342 interviewees, with a confidence level of 95% and a sampling error of 5.4%. The results showed the lack of commitment of the agents that operate in the processing and marketing links of the products with the preservation of the floodplain in Abaetetetubense, due to their lack of knowledge and experience of the dynamics and preservation needs of the natural ecosystems of the floodplains, and because they only aim at short-term economic results. Consumers of fish and assai extractivism on the islands of Abaetetuba are willing to pay R$ 58.20 and R$ 98.74 per family per month to maintain the preservation of natural stocks of assai and fish, in order to ensure market supply and provide families with a healthy food consumption pattern of 43.12 l of assai and 30.27 kg of fish, respectively. It is concluded that the riverside territoriality, composed of peasants and local intermediaries, showed a high conception of the importance of the environment, related to its existence in the floodplain, from the practice of fishing and assai extraction carried out with the use of techniques of sustainable bases and by the family unit, which provided greater scope for the inclusion of this link in the chain. The main contribution of this thesis was to show the interconnected configuration of the economic, social and environmental dimensions of the assai and fish chains, from significant results, to potentiate local development, from the stimulation of social organization and vertical integration of the production of riverside peasants with the agroindustry of functional foods in the territory of Abaetetuba.
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O Carimbó é do carimbó: culturaS, sabereS e políticaS
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-09-30) BOGÉA, Eliana Benassuly; FIGUEIREDO, Silvio José de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2578700144404800
The Federal Constitution of 1988, as the Regulatory Framework for the Redemocratization of Brazil, gives shape to our work through the free appropriation of the organization of this legal text to hold debates of our time. In this perspective, we present our problem in “giras/rodas de Carimbó” as we experienced the process of construction of the thesis in approximately ten years of living the Carimbó organized social movement that motivated us to understand/question the identified internal/external conflicts and whose our concern was to see the people, women/men of Carimbó, that remain CarimbozeirXs even when out of the scene. Thus, our theoretical framework goes beyond the object of research to recognize a Carimbozeiro corpus and, with that, coining what we call the field of cultures and in this social space identify/disentangle cultures as rights before/during a post-coup 2016 Brazil. In the Title III Do Carimbó, we go through the knowledge and policies from inside and outside the scene, meaning that Xs carimbozeirXs interests us more than the Carimbó artistic expression and cultural manifestation widely treated in other scientific works. Our final “gira/roda” takes Master Verequete da Coluna to echo hopes that our work will contribute to understanding and acting in a Brazil and in a planet that progressively tends to transform us as foreigners to ourselves.
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Certificações aplicadas a produtos da sociobiodiversidade na Amazônia: desafios para a sustentabilidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-10-25) SOUSA, Pollyanna Coêlho de; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
Certifications focused on sustainability are a series of practices that can help improve the quality of life of traditional populations in the Amazon, by providing advantages such as the use of sustainable agricultural production methods, increased productivity, reduced socioenvironmental impact, management forestry that helps conserve biodiversity and generate income. The general objective of the research was to analyze how sustainability certifications are being implemented with community organizations in the Amazon, using the cumaru almond and açaí fruit production chains as a case study. The hypothesis that motivated the research was the following: the implementation of sustainability certifications brings benefits to community organizations, which can result in a better quality of life for traditional populations in the Amazon, compared to those that do not adopt any standards. The results indicate that the benefits can be perceived in dimensions such as: Quality Management; Handler Management; Environmental management; Risk management. The use of certifications with community organizations is recommended, as long as other development models are equally recognized and respected, encouraging the promotion of inclusive and sustainable Amazon sociobiodiversity chains. It is noteworthy that it is possible that the benefits identified in community organizations that adopt some sustainability standard are related to other factors, linked to the historical and regional context, which may have resulted in more evident advances in some communities than in others.
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Ciência do sagrado na Amazônia. Encontros entre a tradição e modernidade nas práticas de pajelanças e religiões afro-brasileiras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) NASCIMENTO, Ana Lídia Cardoso do; SIMONIAN, Ligia Terezinha Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6620574987436911
The cure process by means of empiric knowledge of experience and livingness always been part of social and cultural relation of human population in different context of realities. And the amazon reality as beares of richness and potentiality of sociobiodiversity sustain with natural crativity of religious beliefs framework mistical and magical character. The same, will give opportunity the construction of a scape based on ancestral heritage with the indigenous pajelança interspected of new settings about creative power from natives of Amazon of pajelança and their syncretic and sinthetyc nature of many other influences and the insertion of african religiosity even not being originating of amazon, understand with intelligence and wisdom the knowledge already existent and resignify their religiosity. In this sense, the discution as these, in their procedures and rituals , may generate instituting body that was stipulated to call in the present work as sacred science. In this drawing that this research was constructed in the sense to identify a construction of a scienceas sacred, guided by the light and direction of this religious practices. That not only represents and are identified as religion, but also expand horizon and expand their comprehension of world and religion to relate and be mediator of spiritual entities with supernatural knowledge that are in different dimension of rationa science. The intention of this study was to reach various geographical areas in the same time similar in the construction of perception and religious practices in the paraense Amazon and extrapoling the limits up to enter in the Pan-Amazonia on Triple Frontier: Brazil, Colombia and Peru. Thus, the search field was in the state of Pará, was worked with the metropolitan region of Belém, cities as: Belém, Ananindeua and Marituba; In the Marajó archipelago: Juruti city. And the Triplice Frontier the cities of Tabatinga-Ma and Letícia-Co. The basic theoretical categories were: sacred and religiosity and science on Amazon, indigenous sacred, afrobrazilian religion, pajelança founded to the discution of ―South Espistemology‖, ―perspectivism ameridian or indigenous‖. The methodology adopted has an interdisciplinary orientation, guided by qualitative and documental research , understanding the reality in the multidimensional nature. And, in function of these theoretical discution associated with analysis of knowledge and productions of people autonomus of cure , it is concluded that exist an instituted science, with a body of knowledge , principles methodologies and appopriate techniques were exist people that are benefited and with effective support that the application of such knowledge can bring improvement of live and changes the state of embalance installed.
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Conflitos entre sobrevivência familiar e conservação ambiental em Reservas Extrativistas da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-01-26) FREITAS, Josimar da Silva; FARIAS FILHO, Milton Cordeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0624491756992741; MATHIS, Armin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8365078023155571
Public policies for RESEXs (over the last three decades) continue to not ignore the social needs and environmental goals. Economic Sociology explains the actions of actors within markets, in which individual behavior influences the collective, whether in the insertion of livestock rearing or in the removal of wood, productive diversity and so on. The literature reveals an inefficiency of RESEXs as a development model that guarantees environmental conservation and social development. The research supports the thesis that environmental priority, low investments and devaluation of residents promote high socioeconomic demands, leading to environmental instability and unsustainability of RESEXs in the Amazon. For this, a study was conducted on the association between variables: policy inefficiency, management, control and allocation of financial resources in three RESEXs located in the Brazilian Amazon. The Prism Model was used to identify, select and include the published works on the subject in national and international databases, and, subsequenthy, a survey (semi-open questionnaire) with residents from three Amazon RESEXs located in the State of Acre, Amapá and Rondônia. We interviewed 232 residents and 12 environmental analysts from ICMBio. The results revealed that RESEXs are unsustainable because they were created with an emphasis on biological conservation and not to develop their residents in a sustainable way. The management model of state institutions is inefficient and there are no trusts that ensure biological stability. The thesis here is that local populations exploit the forest to meet biological, economic and social needs and, therefore, do not consider environmental conservation as a priority, thus leadmy to the unsustainability of RESEXs at Amazon.
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Conservação, biodiversidade e bioeconomia: discursos neoliberais e a “Ecologia da Plantation” da soja na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-02-15) NUNES, Adriana; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-3884
This doctoral thesis studies and analyzes the power-knowledge relations and devices that have created in the Amazon an idea of dominant conservation, with a state character, based on the decarbonization of production processes, changes in land use, and the commoditization of the forest and its biodiversity and ecosystem services. In times of facing the bioclimatic crisis, and the Amazon itself is threatened with collapse, the most recent global political-scientific discourse advocates transformative changes in the relationship between society and nature, notably in the global economic model, capable of resolving the climate crisis, paralyzing the loss of planetary biodiversity and provide sustainable development, a Great Reset. The research object is, in turn, centered on public policies seen as transformative and, at the same time, conciliatory of development and forest conservation in a soybean frontier in the Amazon and at the same time considered a laboratory of public conservation policies, from which new notions and appropriations of global discourse emerge, such as “skills ecology”, “ecoefficiency”, “efficient landscape”, and more broadly, “forest restoration”, “carbon neutral”, “low-energy economy”. carbon”, “sustainable transition” and “Bioeconomy”. The main empiric of the research is the “Municipal Model of Development and Territorial Intelligence of Paragominas”, in the state of Pará, more specifically the conservation of Legal Reserve (RL) areas of private rural properties. The theoretical instrument of the thesis is interdisciplinary, combining knowledge from biological sciences and analytical studies of power and discourse in the human sciences. The methodological options bring together the overlapping of spatial scales, bibliographic and documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews, and mapping of power-knowledge relationships and devices put in place in the name of conservation, dynamic between the State, companies, institutions, NGOs, and other actors. It is argued in this thesis that a new global social order, which not only includes conservation, but holds within it the condition of possibility for maintaining neoliberal practices of domination of space and its resources, is underway. This new sense of conservation, socially produced, offers technical solutions to crises that arise from serious political problems such as inequality of access and use of natural resources, imposing knowledge that promotes market environmentalism, and does not act on real drivers. At the same time, they make invisible the practices of social agents, who through their ways of life ensure biological, social, cultural and economic diversity, becoming dominant over practices based on the common principle. We conclude that the Amazon has been the scene of an impostor conservation, based on “technosciences”, which uses the practice of abandoning other areas to regeneration to destroy the LR, converting the forest and its biodiversity into soybeans and other agricultural commodities; it expropriates and pulverizes local family farming communities and prioritizes actors and sectors associated with export commodities, in public development policies and confronting the bioclimatic crisis. The “ecology” present in the “aptitude maps”, “eco-efficient conservation” and transition/transformation of sustainable agriculture constitutes a “Plantation Ecology” of soy, which goes beyond the region, as it is organized and benefits power groups of instances, organizations and institutions in addition to the certified and traceable landscapes of Paragominas. The results of the five (5) chapters produced constitute an effort to show through which processes the practices that transmute deforestation, destruction of socio-biodiversity and concentration of monetary and non-monetary benefits, in power groups, into conservation discourses are organized.
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Consumo, sustentabilidade e origem: segmentação e estratégias para mercados locais de produtos da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-08) FERREIRA, Mariana Faro; AZEVEDO-RAMOS, Claudia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1968630321407619
The Amazon is widely regarded as a realm of abundant possibilities within the context of the bioeconomy, owing to the vast size and diversity of its biocultural resources. However, scant attention has been paid to the consumption perspective concerning factors that could impact the development of local markets for products embodying the unique characteristics of the region. This research, grounded in the theoretical framework of marketing and consumer behavior studies, seeks to a) scrutinize elements linked to the concept of sustainable consumption and associated consumer behaviors; b) identify consumption patterns of the population of Belém city, Pará, Brazil; and c) propose market segmentation-based marketing strategies that contribute to the growth of local markets for Amazonian products. A literature review, employing Content Analysis (CA), revealed key elements of the sustainable consumption concept. These encompass the multidimensionality of the concept, encompassing social and environmental aspects alongside economic considerations; its robust association with the notion of Sustainable Development, thereby affording it a broad scope easily embraced as discourse by diverse sectors, yet posing challenges in guiding production and consumption practices. To guide practices, we consider that operational definitions must include: a) emphasis on multiple dimensions (social, environmental and economic), b) scope of product and processes, c) inclusion of production and consumption impacts and e) indication of the levels of action considered (whether individual, collective or public/governmental). Findings from a survey involving a probabilistic sample of the population in Belém (PA) indicated that consumers in the capital prioritize functionalities, fragrance, price, and ingredients as their primary criteria when selecting shampoos. Concerning origin, both generally and specifically in local production within the Amazon, this was not deemed a significant attribute by any of the demographic profiles in the studied population. Strategies for Amazon-based businesses were subsequently proposed based on the discussed results, encompassing all four levels of the marketing mix (product, place, promotion, and price). These strategies incorporate elements for differentiation based on origin, capitalizing on the region's unique features for product development, and acknowledging the idiosyncrasies of three distinct segments of Pará state consumers. In summary, a focus is suggested on: a) the development of products oriented to local demand; b) differentiation by origin; c) increased availability; and d) positioning by quality. In a scenario of growing interest in the bioeconomy, the development of marketing strategies aimed at the sustainable consumption of products originating in the Amazon will still face broad concepts and lack of knowledge about the behavior of local consumers, difficulties that can be overcome by focusing on product attributes, greater information about consumption and economic and cultural valorization of its socio-biodiversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cooperação Internacional e desenvolvimento para a Amazônia: a Internacionalização da educação superior no Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos (NAEA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-26) GAMA, Sônia Maria Fonseca; VECCHIONE GONÇALVES, Marcela; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9274854854102856
The growing process of internationalization of higher education in the world compared to the few studies and research on the subject in the Amazon region, which is believed to be part of the challenges for the promotion of development, boosted the construction of this thesis. The work aims to add to the construction of theoretical-political and theoretical-conceptual debates on the internationalization of higher education, with a special focus on how this internationalization, in relation to international cooperation in environmental, educational, and regional themes, contributed or not to sustainable development in the Amazon. Contextualizing and starting from an analysis of the institutional policy of internationalization of the Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos of the Federal University of Pará (NAEA/UFPA), the conceptions, guidelines and strategies of this policy were identified in line with the processes of internationalization at an international level. Thus, the internationalization of higher education in this Nucleus is analyzed, from of the indescribability between teaching, research and extension, in order to offer answers to the construction of a corpus of theoretical-political knowledge on international cooperation for the internationalization of education in the Amazon Region. It is assumed that the existence of this movement of internationalization of higher education was part and, at the same time, is a fundamental part of the promotion of development in the Amazon region. By empirically reflecting on the process, the place of the Amazon, as a region, in the historical process of international cooperation for sustainable development through partnerships with the Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos is identified. To this end, strategies and the main institutional actions of the NAEA/UFPA internationalization policy were mapped, since it was created, in the 70s, from the methodological approach of institutional analysis. Education internationalization actions connected with public policy designs for the development and construction of a political culture were analyzed, with a single guideline, absorbed and learned, which it is argued led to a process of institutionalization of internationalization as part of the institutional strengthening of the NAEA and from UFPA. Finally, issues and contradictions present in the promotion of development for the Amazon and the place of this region on a global scale are discussed.