Teses em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento (Doutorado) - PPGTPC/NTPC

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2334

O Doutorado Acadêmico iniciou-se em 2000 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento (PPGTPC), que integra o Núcleo de Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento (NTPC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Valores, variáveis sócio-demográficas e auto-relatos de comportamentos no trânsito de motoristas suspensos e não suspensos de Belém e Curitiba
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) ROCHA, João Bosco de Assis; MARTIN, William Lee Berdel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8591034699611752; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
In order to investigate drivers behavior, possibly correlated with values and demographic variables, 505 drivers from Belém and Curitiba cities completed the Drivers Violation and Errors Scale (EVEM) and the Personal Values Questionnaire (PVQ). Half of the sample was composed of drivers who had their driving license suspended. Results of the EVEM and the PVQ were related to demographic data of the drivers, situation of the drivers license, city where the questionnaires were answered and others questions related to driving vehicles. Correlations between factors and independent variables were found. In the EVEM: 1) Errors: City; 2) Violations: Age, Age that Driver Learned to Drive and License Situation; 3) Aggressive Violations: Age that Driver Learned to Drive, License Situation, Age and Gender; 4) Interpersonal Aggression: Age, Situation of the drivers and Gender. In the PVQ: 5) Self-direction: City and Educational Level; 6) Power: City and License Situation; 7) Universalism: City, License Situation and Age. 8) Hedonism: Age; 9) Security: City, Age and License Situation; 10) Stimulation: Age; 11) Conformity: Drivers License Situation, Age and City; 12) Benevolence: City, Drivers License Situation, Gender and Age; 13) Achievement: Age; 14) Tradition: Age. Results of drivers with their licenses suspended were different from those drivers non-suspended. Some results of drivers from Belém and Curitiba were different too. For example, a greater percentual of suspended drivers learned to drive with the family and the factors Benevolence and Conformity were more valorized by drivers from Belém.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Responsabilidade social e satisfação do consumidor: um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-02-10) ARAÚJO, Marley Rosana Melo de; MOREIRA, Alice da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7718967463101136; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
The theme of this study is the phenomenon of social responsibility in business. This research constitutes a case study with a socially responsible company, aiming at to verify the consumer's perception concerning the social responsibility of this company and its influence, together with some variables of business acting (price of the tariff, electric power service, service to the customer, communication with the customer), in the consumer's satisfaction. The studied company was the Rede Celpa Centrais Elétricas do Pará S.A. In preliminary study an instrumental of measurement of the meaning attributed by the consumer to the term social responsibility was developed (Meaning Social Responsibility Scale), validated with sample of 672 consumers of Belém. This scale was adapted and nominated for Social Responsibility Scale, in order to be used in the present study. They were also built more two instruments (Indicators of Business Acting and Evaluation of Consumer’s Satisfaction) to reach the intended objectives. The rising of the data gave through analysis of existent documents in the company; interviews in depth with the directing category of the company; 595 electric power consumers' residential sampling, residents of the neighborhoods Cremação and Umarizal, in the city of Belém. The data were analyzed through Analysis of Content, Factorial Analysis and Analysis of Multiple and Hierarchical Regression. The fact of dealership Rede Celpa to accomplish stamp actions socially responsible it is not still clearly noticed by her consumer, although they has science that the company accomplishes legal obligations in the employees', consumers’ and environment’s treatment. The variables of business acting attested effect on the consumer's satisfaction, although it has remained a variance margin no explained suggesting the need to explore other antecedent variables. The company had their appraised attributes with concepts varying of reasonable for good for the consumer, what contributes to this to demonstrate moderate degree as for the satisfaction in consuming of this dealership.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O racismo na trajetória escolar e profissional de professoras universitárias
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-24) CHAVES, Evenice Santos; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
This research utilized an interdisciplinary theoretical and methodological apparatus and focused on social and racial disparities along the academic and professional way of female professors. Brazilian literature examined in Psychology field does not offer examples of qualitative researches about social and racial disparities with an emphasis on black and white individuals. This way, and in this context, this study was included and intended to answer the following questions: 1) are there elements which indicate social disparities structurally produced that are related to the academic and professional trajectories of individuals socially entitled as black, mulatto and white? 2) Are there elements indicating racial disparities when comparing the life trajectories of those socially entitled as blacks and mulattos to those of the ones socially called whites? Three female professors participated in this research: one socially defined as white and two socially designated as blacks (a black-skinned and a mulatto). They concluded post graduation and work in different departments in a Brazilian public university. A social demographic questionnaire and a list for completing phrases were used as information was collected. The information gathered was converted into data. Data organization included a categorization process. The results showed that poverty, indicative of social disparities, was a reality for the participants during some periods of their existential trajectories, though, when considering skin color, it was verified the existence of a connection between the participants level of poverty and her skin color, and between the participants level of poverty and career choices. The results also showed that the schooling process became their path through their professional course in life and ascending social mobility; adversities that emerged along the white, the black-skinned and the mulatto womens life were overcome through support offered by relatives and friends and through the use of personal strategies; that despite the black-skinned professor finished her academic cycle, is a qualified professional who graduated in two different courses and has a post graduation degree, she is still a target for racism, displayed either explicitly, either in disguised ways; that racism toward black individuals, expressed directly or indirectly, was addressed both to the blackskinned and the mulatto women in different episodes of their lives, while the white woman was only an observer of racial social interactions in daily basis situations; that school and family are consolidated institutions that reproduce racism against blacks; that school presented itself as a contradictory social place since, although it pursues the development of citizens, it promoted social ostracism toward the participants when they were poor children attending elementary school, putting them aside during amusing activities, collaborating to the reproduction of social disparities. The results also showed a paradox, from one hand the school is an institution responsible for the upbringing of citizens, on the other hand, it presents itself as a place for the materialization of racism expressed in social interactions among classmates or between the teacher and the student, regardless the grade in which the student is; that racism against blacks is part of a subjectivity (re)construction process, though the meanings they attribute to this process differ according to their phenotypes and experiences in social relations involving a race issue; that the participants points of view toward racism and engagement in social movements against racial discrimination are related to the way racism affected their lives, as well as to the visibility of this phenomenon in the social world and/or in their personal experiences; that being a target for racism against blacks generates singularities responsible for the constitution of the individual herself and for the construction of an ethnic identity. The results of this study will help us in the understanding of racisms social and psychological aspects, in theoretical constructions about this issue, in identifying psychological and social mechanisms of social inclusion that exclude the black, in identifying ones psychological mechanisms when facing racism, in the elaboration of strategies for racism research, in providing subsidies to the creation and execution of programs that fight racism at school through curricular and extracurricular activities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia e comportamento do Cuxiú-Preto (Chiropotes Satanas) na paisagem fragmentada da Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-06-13) VEIGA, Liza Maria; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352
Bearded sakis are frugivores specialised for seed predation. The black bearded saki (Chiropotes satanas) is endemic to a densely populated and deforested area in eastern Amazonia in Brazil and is threatened with extinction. The principal objective of this study was to research the behaviour and ecology of two groups of black bearded sakis living under different degrees of habitat fragmentation, to understand how ecological parameters in these different settings influence behavioural strategies. In addition, the study aimed to identify factors that may limit the long-term viability of the black bearded saki and identify information that may contribute to conservation and management plans. The study took place on the right bank of the Tocantins River in the Tucuruí Reservoir, Pará State, Brazil (415'S, 4931'W). Two groups of bearded sakis were studied: one (denominated T4) in a large mainland fragment (1,300 ha - 39 members), and one on a small (19.4 ha - eight members) forested island. Twelve months behavioural sampling (1,153 observation hours) was undertaken using both scan and behaviour-sampling methodologies for 4 to 5 consecutive days per month per group. In addition to collecting activity budget data, all food resources were documented, daily routes plotted and intraspecies and interspecies social interactions recorded. Botanical transects (10 x 100 ha) covering one hectare at the T4 site and 0.5 hectare on the island were established, and a subsample of trees (≥ DAP 10cm) and lianas (≥ DAP 5 cm) marked and measured for a floristic inventory and phenological data collection which took place at 30-day intervals over 14 months. The two groups differed in all aspects of their behaviour and ecology. Time spent in different activities varied significantly between the groups. Moving (35.4%) comprised the largest proportion of annual budget in the T4 group, while the Island group devoted more time to feeding (30.0%). Social interactions accounted for a relatively large proportion of activity budget for both groups (T4 8.5%; Island 15.2%). Over the study, the two groups consumed a large number of different plant species (T4 173; Island 132; both groups 240) and their diets varied significantly in terms of items consumed and taxonomic composition. Both groups spent most of their time consuming seeds (T4 54.0%; Island 59.9%), however other items, including fruit pulp (T4 25.0%; Island 13.7%), flowers (T4 12.3%; Island 17.4%) and to a lesser extent pith and arthropods were also included in their diets. Members of the T4 group used an area of 98.6 ha and the island group, 17.2 ha. Use of space and daily path length (T4 4025 m 994 m; Island 2807 m 289 m) varied between groups and was linked in T4 group to the variation in group size throughout the year as a result of their complex fission-fusion sociality, the island group on the other hand was more cohesive. Variations in ecology and behaviour of the two groups were linked to differences in their respective habitats. The size of the sites was important but so too was the variation in the availability of food. Results from the floristic inventory revealed a greater diversity of different species on the T4 site, however important food species were either missing or available in varying amounts at both site. In addition to the intrinsic value of the knowledge of ecological characteristics of the bearded saki the detailed knowledge accumulated this study will help in the formulation of conservation action and management plans and in the identification of the factors which limit the long term viability of remaining populations in the fragmented landscapes of eastern Amazonia.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Papagaio, pira, peteca e coisas do gênero
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-06-26) SILVA, Lúcia Isabel da Conceição; PONTES, Fernando Augusto Ramos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1225408485576678
This study investigated the meaning of play‟s groups at street like a peer culture context, noticing them not only as forms of expression and reproduction of this culture but, principally as reconstruction and co-construction context of: sex roles, gender identity and sex role ideology. The study has included 689 people among 0 and 18 years old (440 boys – 249 girls), who played together and they were resident or visitant of three streets around there in a district of Belém/Pará, during one year. The data were collected through three procedures: description from the social and demographic aspects from the area through a formulate; the number of the groups activities of play using scan sampling and the quality of these activities done through the recording of episodes. The results reveal gender differences between the participation in the street and the variety of the play subculture. It was observed a predominance of boys in the street, segregation in plays and different strategies of interaction between two groups of gender. There were major approach girls to the male subculture, doing subversion strategies of ideologies and gender roles. As of three explicative models of human being development (Hinde, 1979, 1987 e 1997; Bronfenbrenner, 1977, 1994 e 1999 e Rossetti-Ferreira, Amorin, Silva & Carvalho, 2003), trying to discuss about the relation between macro and micro determination in the culture formation of gender in play groups. The data about groups composition, segregation, preferences, content and quality of sharing the gender groups sex/ gender, confirm the relation of gender formation and take to a proposition of a unilateral approach among these groups which the girls are the first.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise das funções de verbalizações de terapeuta e cliente sobre sentimentos, emoções e estados motivacionais na terapia analítico-comportamental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-10-13) BARBOSA, João Ilo Coelho; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592
Recent studies done by behavior analysts have aimed at gaining more knowledge about the function which self-descriptive accounts of feelings, emotions and motivational states (SEM) can have on the therapeutic process. This would allow for the development of a model of behavior-analytic intervention in light of such report. This study investigated the possible relationship between the clients verbalizations which were made concerning SEM, the interventions of the therapist in light of these comments and the evolution of the problems or complaints of the client in the development of a clinical case. The participants in the study were an experienced behavior-analytic therapist and a married adult client, who had no record of psychiatric problems. Thirty-six sessions were recorded, transcribed and analyzed over a period of one year. The analysis of the verbalizations which occurred in the sessions was done on the basis of four categories, two referring to the therapist: categories related to the basic functions of the therapists verbalization (FBVT) and categories of analysis. The other two categories referred to the client: categories of analysis and indicators of complaint or change. These categories were also compared regarding their occurrence within and outside of emotional episodes (EE), defined as sequences of dialogues between therapist and client, in which there was at least one mention of the clients SEM. The analysis of the results showed that the main complaints of the client were related to her husband, body events, mood, parents or relatives, work colleagues and the lack of assertiveness. The SEM which were referred to most in the report of the client and the therapist were those related to motivational states, sadness and fear. It was verified that the therapists interventions, in light of the accounts with reference to SEM took place mainly in the form of investigation and confrontation. Only a small portion of these interventions suggested any relationship between a response of the client and environmental contingencies, predominately the antecedent-response type. The client made more relationships between environmental events and her responses than the therapist did, which were also of the antecedent-response type. Regarding the evolution of complaints made, one can affirm that there was no evidence of the occurrence of consistent changes in the clients repertoire, nor in the way she referred to her problems. Comparing the categories which were studied within and outside of the EE, a major change was found in the FBVT, in the categories of analysis of the therapist and the client. There was also a larger number of and variation of the occurrences of indicators of complaint or change within such episodes. Such results confirmed that feelings, emotions and motivational states are targets of investigation and intervention of the analytic-behavioral therapist, which are consistent with existing literature. The clients and therapists mention of SEM or of related events strengthen the idea that these can be dealt with, some times as hidden responses, some times as private stimulus and quite frequently as the relationship between those who are involved in the events, as well as groups of interrelated links. Not being occasionally able to observe terms of behavioral relationships which define SEM did not lead to a different type of approach on the part of the therapist. On the contrary, the mention of SEM by the therapist and client seemed to favor the occurrence of verbalization which established connections between the clients behavior and environmental events.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desempenho na grafia e na direção grafológica em função da postura e da dominância manual em destros e canhotos em famílias de renda baixa e média
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-04-17) SILVEIRA, Francisca Morais da; MARTIN, William Lee Berdel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8591034699611752
There are three distinct theories that seek to explain the origin of the inverted hand posture (IHP) in left-handers. McKeevers genetic model assumes that the trait is sex-linked, tied to maternal transmission via the X-chromosome, which accounts for the higher prevalence of IHP among males. According to the pathological model, the IHP stems from neuropathological factors, whereas the technical adaptation theory views it as a manual adaptation for coping with abductive demands implicit in the Roman writing system. Many adherents of the latter theory regard the posture as maladaptive, leading to physical problems and illegible script; they recommend that the noninverted posture be used. A previous study was conducted among 96 lower-income adolescents, 48 left- and 48 righthanded, subdivided by sex and writing posture. This investigation extended that study by evaluating an additional 106 students from middle income families, 64 right- and 66 lefthanders. The main objectives were to ascertain whether the IHP was associated with physical problems, birth complications, different patterns of graphological direction and inferior calligraphic performance, as well as to verify whether these characteristics varied with socioeconomic status. As a whole, the findings showed no relationship between IHP, physical and pre-natal problems. On the graphological stimuli, IHP left-handers, more so than noninverters and dextrals tended to draw horizontal lines right-to left; however on other drawing tasks they did not differ from the other groups. On the cursive and printed writing task, females consistently outperformed males. Left-handers committed more errors when printing, but not when In general writing cursively. Response time was the only dependent variable related to socioeconomic status: Middle class students wrote and printed sentences faster than lower-class students. In general, these results do not support the contention that the IHP causes physical problems or inferior calligraphic performance, and thus do not justify attempts to oblige left-handers to adopt the noninverted posture.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Investigação de propriedades quantitativas de relações simbólicas em quatro estudos experimentais envolvendo o paradigma de equivalência de estímulos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-06-07) BORTOLOTI, Renato; ROSE, Júlio Cesar Coelho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
This work presents four experimental studies that evaluated transfer of functions from faces expressing emotions to arbitrary figures equivalent to them. The specific goals of each study can be articulated around a proposal to investigate quantitative properties of equivalence relations. Chapter 1 describes an experiment conducted to examine if the level of transfer of functions can be affected by the delayed presentation of the comparison stimuli in a matching-to-sample training. In effect, the results showed more transfer when classes were trained with a delayed matching-to-sample procedure. The experiment presented in the Chapter 2 manipulated delayed matching and the number of stimuli intervening in the relation established among faces and figures. The increase in the number of intervenient stimuli negatively affected the formation of equivalence classes and reduced the transfer of function, but these effects were less pronounced when the relations were established by the delayed matching-to-sample procedure. Chapter 3 describes an experiment conducted to verify if arbitrary figures acquire properties from facial expressions presented always very quickly. In this condition, the transfer of functions occurred with less intensity than when the faces are presented for longer periods. Chapter 4 presents a study to evaluate the time spent by the participants to find arbitrary figures equivalent to certain facial patterns described as more quickly localized. Results replicated only in part the transfer of functions demonstrated in a previous experiment. The studies that compose this work provide evidence that the transfer of functions can suffer systematical variations according to the experimental parameters that are employed. Variations in the transfer of function indicate variations in the relatedness of equivalent stimuli.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de conteúdo verbal na solução de dificuldades de portadores de transtornos ansiosos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-06-15) MOREIRA, Sandra Bernadete da Silva; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
Verbal behavior comprehension is crucial to the analysis of dysfunctional behaviors attended in behavior analytic therapy. Studies of verbal report studies on clinical context, have showed the importance of the use of verbal behavior and have generated intervention procedures to solve problems. Self-reports reinforcement, as a function of reinforcement contingencies, indicates that changing verbal behavior is an effective way to change non verbal behavior outside the therapeutic setting. The goal of this study is to show the utility of a procedure of managing verbal contingencies by a therapist through the systematization of a client verbal contents and its written devolution to solve problems of individuals with anxious disorders in a therapeutic setting. After being exposed to their own verbal behavior, it was possible to two participants of this study to characterize their difficulties, identifying and describing ambient contingencies related to their undesirable behavior and consequently to describe proposes of solution of these difficulties. It is discussed how the exposition to systematized verbal report changes further the verbal reports and the problem behavior.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Procedimentos de ensino e de testes de construção e leitura de sentenças com compreensão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-06-30) SAMPAIO, Maria Elizângela Carvalho; BAPTISTA, Marcelo Quintino Galvão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5106423103112681; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
The analysis on ordinal relations in which the responding is under control of relational properties such as first, second, third and so on, based on the equivalence paradigm, constitutes an important way to comprehend verbal behavior (syntax). Five studies aimed to evaluate the emergency of new sentences with three or four words(articles, nouns, adjectives or verbs and adverbs), based on the positions taken by them in each sentence taught independently. Five pre-school children participated on the Study 1, envolving three words. All the participants were given matching-to-sample training procedures, equivalence tests, training through response chaining, sequences production training, conectivity and reading and comprehension tests. On Study 2, other five children from middle-school were given the same training procedures and tests, with four words. On Study 3, four children were submitted to the procedure by chaining, sequence production tests, conectivity and reading with comprehension using four words. On Study 4, other four children with school failure history were given the same tests and teaching procedures of Studies 1 and 2, with four words. On Study 5, three other children also with school failure history were given the same procedure adopted on Study 3, with four words. Participants didnt have fluent phrase reading, but readed words separately. Experimental sessions occured in a room of the School. A microcomputer was used in the study as well as a specific software to control the stimulus presentation and record the behavioral data. Three sets of stimuli were used: A (drawins), B (upper case words) and C (lower case words), to teach AB and AC conditional relations and BC/CB tests. On training by chaining, three different sentences were used. On first trial, the word UM, for example, was presented on the choice area. A touch on the word produced as a consequence its displacement to the construction area on the upper part of the screen, a graphic animation was presented with a sound muito bem (very good), legal (cool), certo (right). Following, two words were presented simultaneously on the screen and the participants should touch one of them and then the other one. In case the words were put in the correct 12 order, the same previous consequence were presented and the same set of words were presented again in different positions on the choice area.In case of an answer different from the programed by the experimenter, a blackout of the screen was produced for 3s and a new set of words were presented, side-by-side on the choice area. After teaching the baseline, sequences production and conectivity tests were applied to verify the emergence of six new sentences (except Study 1), based on previously taught words recombination. Finally, a reading comprehension test with new phrases were presented the participants. For example, on the presence of a picture, three different sentences on capital letters were presented and the participant should choose which was the correct sentence. In all the studies, the participants reached the rightness criteria, three consecutive times, without no mistake, though some of them have needed re-exposure. On Studies 1 and 2, all participants responded consistently to the tests and read the new sentences fluently and with comprehension. On Study 3, a participant built the six new sentences readily. None read with comprehension the reading tests. On Study 4, three participants built the new sentences readily and a participant didnt respond to the conectivity test. Two participants responded to the reading with comprehension tests. On Study 5, two participants built four new sentences readily. On Studies 3 and 5, participants didnt respond to the reading with comprehension tests. These results demonstrated the emergency of new sentences, without any aditional train, based on the teaching with three independent sentences. The results of the reading with comprehension tests shown a coherence with the equivalence paradigm. Its concluded that stimuli used were functionally equivalents and exerted ordinal functions by the position that each one took place on the sentences.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Procedimentos de treino e teste de relações entre estímulos em Cebus apella
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-08-04) BRINO, Ana Leda de Faria; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
Complex learning encompasses the control by abstract relations after some relations have been directly trained. In these work, a sequence of experiments investigated stimulus relations learning in two capuchin-monkeys (Cebus apella) involving direct training of identity relations, successive tests of generalized identity, direct training of arbitrary relations, and test for symmetric relations as indication of equivalence class formation. Three theoretical foundations were followed: 1) Equivalence class formation is a basic stimulus function; 2) Stimulus control topography coherence theory; and 3) A version of the personalized system of instruction as an alternative to establish relational repertoires in non-verbal organisms. The subjects presented high levels of performance in identity and arbitrary conditional discriminations. The subjects given generalized identity tests demonstrated that abstract relation; the subject given arbitrary training presented negative results in the test for symmetric performances. Stimulus relations learning problems found here with nonhuman subjects seem to be similar to that presented by human individuals with retarded development. Teaching procedures for retarded individuals were sufficient to solve most repertoire deficiencies of non-humans, which are usually attributed to species limitations.
Desconhecido
Fenômenos emocionais no contexto explicativo do modo causal de seleção por conseqüências
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-08-23) DARWICH, Rosângela Araújo; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592
B. F. Skinner gave rise to radical behaviorism, as the philosophy of a science of behavior, and produced experimental and theoretical arguments that grounded that science. The Skinnerian system distinguished itself from Psychology in the first half of the 20th century, by promoting the physical monism and recommending the approach of overt and covert responses in the context of individual-environment relations. The adherence to the causal mode of selection by consequences in the explanation of the behavior, however, can be viewed as controversial in the context of the analysis of emotional phenomena, for these include operant, but also respondent components. Such issue led to a revision of the theoretical foundations of behavior analysis, resulting in the proposal of an interpretative model of emotional phenomena by means of interrelations among respondent and operant processes. Considering that phylogenetical selection explains the establishment of unconditioned respondent relations, it is investigated if the selectionist model explains conditioned respondent relations in emotional phenomena. The approach of elaborations in behavior analysis resulted in the proposal of an interpretative model of emotional phenomena considering the occurrence of inter-relations among respondent and operant processes. The internal coherence of the Skinnerian interpretative system is preserved by means of the basic statement of that, along ontogenesis, historically established relations with the environment explain the occurrence of overt, covert, respondent and operant responses, as well as those with both components. Considering that conceptual clarity tends to be a prerequisite for intervention, this study contrasted the proposed interpretative model to the context of the accomplishment of functional analysis in the literature of behavior analysis. Preliminarily, the model demonstrated to be a useful interpretative tool, since it enables the understanding of different functions of variables, which take part in the behavioral relations of interest, at a contextualized and historical perspective.
Desconhecido
Reversões repetidas de discriminações simples e formação de classes funcionais em animais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) COSTA, Thiago Dias; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7231331062174024
Methodological aspects may be direct or indirectly responsible for the difference between data obtained with non-human subjects and human participants when submitted to studies on class formation. The present study investigated the effect of the use of repeated reversals of simple discriminations on the acquisition of behavior compatible with functional class formation with captive Cebus apella. In Experiment I, two capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) were given simultaneous simple discrimination training and reversals with six pairs of visual stimuli in the context of foraging. Responses to the stimuli (differently colored wooden boxes) assigned as S+ were reinforced with food available in the boxes. One different kind of food for each potential stimulus class was used as reinforcer. After repeated reversals in the contingencies between the two stimulus groups, tests for functional class formation were carried out. Each test consisted of a contingency reversal with four (two of each potential class) out of the six stimuli (with the remaining two stimuli kept absent) and later reinsertion of the absent stimuli, after highly accurate performance on the reversed discriminations. The first choice response to the reintroduced pair of stimuli was analyzed: if this response was consistent with the reversed contingencies, this was considered as an evidence of class formation. Multiple tests were carried out, each time with one different stimulus pair being removed. Evidence of class formation was found in all tests. In Experiment II, one of the subjects was given simultaneous simple discrimination training with shifts of the stimulus positions between sessions and class-specific reinforcer was removed: a third reinforcer was employed in both classes. The same tests described in Experiment I were conducted but with shifts of stimulus positions between sessions and no class-specific reinforcer. Evidence of class formation was found, again, in all tests.
Desconhecido
Adesão ao tratamento da malária: um estudo em comunidades do entorno da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) ROCHA, Maria de Nazaré Almeida; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723
Malaria, infectious disease, caused by the protozoan Plasmodium, transmitted to humans by the bite of female mosquito of the genus Anopheles. Currently puts at risk 40% of the world population. In Brazil occurs mainly in the Amazon region where they are concentrated 99.7% of cases. In communities located around the lake of Tucuruí the occurrence of malaria is high and the residents do not have efficient services that provide appropriate prophylaxis and therapy. This research has the purpose of examining the occurrence of conduct of accession to drug treatment and prevention of malaria in people living in the surrounding communities of the Tucuruí hydroelectric power, state of Para, through comparison of three conditions for intervention: Timing ( n = 10), Monitoring (n = 9) and Monitoring with information (n = 10). To quantitatively assess the effects of intervention in the conduct adopted three conditions were compared by non-parametric statistical methods: the Chi-square test and Binomial test. It was previously set the significance level alpha = 0.05 to reject the null hypothesis. The adherence to treatment and the conditions Routine Monitoring was marginal, however, in the condition Monitoring with information was found that after the intervention 80% of the participants joined significantly (p <0.05) to treatment, demonstrating, effectiveness of intervention. As to the knowledge of malaria, in the condition Monitoring with information when compared with other conditions, after intervention, was obtained p-value = 0.0466 (significant) indicating that the intervention promoted increase in the level of knowledge of participants on malaria. The analysis of change in the behavioral repertoire was held in thirteen items. Results have been achieved more success in then condition Monitoring with information on nine items was observed significant change of attitude of the participants, highlighting the fact that these nine items the p-value <0.05 was certificate as evidence of statistical significance of this conclusion. The comparison between the conditions Monitoring and Monitoring with information presented significant difference in eight items. There was a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) in the following items: Use mosquito net, notify the officer of health, keep the trees pruned or cut, not bathing in the river in times of danger, Wear clothes suitable for enter the forest, Use appropriate clothing for fishing, not staying at night and Use repellents as andiroba or similar. In summary, the intervention was successful to contribute to effective treatment of malaria and increase the level of knowledge about the disease.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A escola enquanto contexto de desenvolvimento: um estudo ecológico em uma comunidade ribeirinha na Ilha do Marajó
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) MENDES, Leila Said Assef; PONTES, Fernando Augusto Ramos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1225408485576678
The present research has as focus of analysis the school of a riverine community, and aims to analyze it while context of development of children and youth who live there, in order to understand how the characteristics of this context make possible and/or impose limits to the development of the students attended by the school. Comprising a theoretical-methodological tuned with principles of the ecological approach, this research uses the methodology of the ecological insertion. In this direction, it was evidenced the contexts that could limit or propitiate the development of the children who frequent the school. As result was synthetically pointed out, the fact that the links of the systemic net that connect the microsystem school to the mesosystem and exosystem do not have resistance enough to guarantee the development in the minimum satisfactory levels when compared with other schools in the urban centre, therefore the conditioning weight from different natures - historical, geographic, politics, legal, social, cultural, the one that the children are displayed, in this web of relationships, distant, excessively, from the standards found - without great effort, in the urban center, supposedly developed. That is, the precarious school attendance, materialized in the learning of the reading, writing and accomplishment of the basic mathematical operations as well as the descontextualized teaching of the local reality contributes for the maintenance of the way of life of that riverine community.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Leitura recombinativa generalizada após procedimentos de correção com fading em pessoas com atraso no desenvolvimento cognitivo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-01-07) ALVES, Keila Regina Sales; KATO, Olivia Misae; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3612219210222465; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
Several studies have investigated the use of correction procedures, such as copy exercises, dictates, and oralization in promoting recombinative reading in people with some or no cognitive developmental deficit. The use of supporting techniques, such as fading, have not been tested as another variable that could immediately favor generalized recombinative reading. This work reports two studies. Study one, which included two students with cognitive developmental deficit, was divided in two stages. In Condition A, students were taught the relationships among spoken and printed words (AC), followed by equivalence tests among figures and printed words (BC), and printed words and figures (CB). Following those tests, reading tests about the taught words (MALA, PATO and BOCA) and generalized words (built up from the recombination among syllables) were used. Participants showed the reading of words only after formation of equivalence classes among figures, spoken words and printed have been documented. Afterwards, control probes used for syllable units and then a correction procedure was implemented, highlighting specific syllables (those identified after control probes have been used for syllable units) during copy, dictate and oralization combined teaching. Following four expositions to the correction procedure, participants were still showing only the reading of the words. In Condition B, fading in the specific syllables was introduced for the correction procedure. Participant MAR demonstrated a correct reading of all generalized words after the second use of the correction procedure, while participant CLA only after its third use. Participants showed function transference to new verbal forms AB, AC, BC, CB, AB, AC, BC and CB. These results indicated the need to evaluate the two correction procedures separately. In Study 2, two participants with cognitive developmental deficit were selected and subjected to the same experimental design used in Study 1. One participant was subjected to the correction procedure and the other to the fading in correction procedure. Participant FER was subjected to fading in correction procedure, while participant JOS to correction procedure highlighting syllables. Both participants showed generalized recombinative reading after fading in correction procedure, as well as function transference to new verbal forms AB, AC, BC, CB, AB, AC, BC and CB. The results indicate that fading in procedure immediately favor generative recombinative reading in people with cognitive developmental deficit.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O pensar e o fazer na creche: um estudo a partir de crenças de mães e professoras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-06) BAHIA, Celi da Costa Silva; PONTES, Fernando Augusto Ramos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1225408485576678; MAGALHÃES, Celina Maria Colino de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1695449937472051
Based on the biotechnological model this research intended to assess the Day-Care center as a system composed of various subsystems (physical context, family, professionals and children) that influence themselves. So, to comprehend the educative function of this institution is necessary the study of the different systems that interfere in the work developed with and for the children. Researchers have argued that the one of the reasons to investigate the parents’ beliefs is the linking between the way the adults think and the way they are related with the children. They also indicate the necessity to give continuation to the proximal processes, in order to make the development occurs. We have approached the beliefs of mothers and teachers of a day care center about the child development, as well as the influence of these conceptions in the relations that they establish with the children and their family. The participants of this study are: 32 adults (16 mothers and 16 teachers) and about de 40 children that frequented a public day care center in the city of Belém. The criterion used for the selection of this space was the physical space because in the municipal system it is considered the best place considering the structure. To collect the data it was used the observation and the focal group. In this, it was approached the following areas: the child, the relation day care center-family and the work developed in the day care center. The observational data were analysed having as reference a study done by Bondioli (2004) e Nigito (2004). The data of focal group, after being transcribed were analysed inspired in the orientation proposed by the content analyses. The main results indicate that the participants of the two Microsystems have the same belief ( environmentalist) about the development, but have different conceptions about the direction that the familiar context and/or the day care center influence in the children development. Referring to the beliefs about the relation day care center-family, it is considered bidirectional and with a content that overcome the solution of the immediate problems. These conceptions are connected to the beliefs about the work with and to the children, however they are distant of the teachers’ practice, suggesting that the investigations about the beliefs of the practice are not sufficient for a coherent reading as this one. So, it is possible to find out that there are others factors beyond the beliefs that influence in the making of the professional that work with children. We understand that these data contribute with the indicators of some indispensable elements to the day care center to promote its educative function. So, it can be a reference to the governmental intervention in order to promote changes in the way of thinking and making of those who participate on the space of a day care center.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Relações ordinais sob controle contextual em crianças surdas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-08-27) SOUZA, Ruth Daisy Capistrano de; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
Dificulties presented by deaf children in math learning has led educators to develop special teaching procedures. The equivalence paradigm has been useful in explaining complex behaviors such as numerical concepts. This paradigm has been expanded to evaluate the formation of stumulus equivalence classes in sequence. The emergence of new relations through ordinal responding has been documented in various studies involving three-term reinforcement contingencies. It is also necessary to ascertain whether these results remain stable under four- and five-term contingencies. Three experiments were planned in order to investigate the emergence of ordinal relations with simple discriminative control under conditional and contextual control (with and without cross-trial randomization) in deaf children. In Experiment 1, five deaf children, enrolled in a special public school, served as participants. A microcomputor containing software (REL 4.0, for experiments 1, 2a and 2b, was updated to version 5.0 in Study 3) was used. In study, participants were taught overlapping sequences of stimulus pairs. Aferwards, tests of transivity and connectivity were administered. All of the participants reached the criterion for success. The results replicated findings from independent studies, thereby confirming the efficacy of the overlapping stimulus teaching procedure in establishing of ordinal relations. In Experiment 2a, four new participants, and one with an experimental history were taught to select stimulus pairs in increasing order, in the presence of a green shape, and in decreasing order when a red shape appeared. Thereafter, tests of transivity and connectivity were administered. Following this, a test of stimulus generalization for classroom enviornment was given. All participants attained the criterion for correctness, and in response to the transivity and connectivity tests. On the generalization test, three participants responded consistently to the new stimuli, one gave partial responses, and one gave no response. The results confirmed the eficiency of the overlapping stimulus teaching procedure under conditional control in deaf children. The participants in Experiment 2b were the same as in Experiment 1, with randomized trials and conditional control. All participants reached the correctness criterion. Test responses coincided with baseline data. In Experiment 3, there were three children from Experiment 1, and two from Experiment 2a, who were exposed to the overlapping pair under contextual control (e.g. A1A2 in the presence of the circle + green color, or A2A1, in the presence of the circle + red color). All of them reached the criterion for sucess and passed the tests for transivity and connectivity. The efficiencey of the overlapping stimulus teaching procedure under stimulus control was verified, suggesting that contingency instruction with simple reinforcement, under conditional control, were prerequisites for the emergence of ordinal classes under contextual control. This study may be extended by increasing the number of sequences, and investigating the emergence of new ordinal realtions with longer sequences, and verify whether the order, withing the teaching sequence inferferes with ordinal responding.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Um teste computadorizado para a avaliação de visão de cores em crianças e sujeitos não-verbais baseado no teste de discriminação de cores de Mollon-Reffin
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-12-16) GOULART, Paulo Roney Kilpp; SILVEIRA, Luiz Carlos de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9383834641490219; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
The present study aimed at providing conditions for the assessment of color discrimination in children using a modified version of the Trivector mode of the Mollon-Reffin color discrimination test. Since the task of indicating the gap of the Landolt C used in that test proved counterintuitive and/or difficult for young children to understand the target stimulus was changed to a square patch of color the subjects were asked to touch. The Trivector test measures color discrimination for the protan, deutan and tritan confusion lines. Experiment I sought to evaluate the correspondence between the CCT and the child-friendly adaptation with adult subjects (n=29) with normal color vision. Comparison of the thresholds obtained with both tests using Bland-Altman statistical methods showed good agreement between the two test versions. Experiment II tested the child-friendly software with children 2 to 7 years old (n=25) using operant training techniques for establishing and maintaining the subjects‟ performance. Color discrimination thresholds were progressively lower as age increased. The protan and deutan thresholds were consistently lower than tritan thresholds, a pattern repeatedly observed in adults tested with the CCT. The results demonstrate that the test is fit for assessment of color discrimination in young children and may be a useful tool for the establishment of color vision thresholds during development, as well as for use with other human populations, as well as with other primate species. (CNPq, FINEP).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A construção de significados nas brincadeiras de faz-de-conta por crianças de uma turma de educação infantil ribeirinha da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-03-03) TEIXEIRA, Sônia Regina dos Santos; ALVES, José Moysés; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6500775506186127
The present study focuses the process of construction of meanings in the make-believe play for children of a riverine class in Amazon, from the formularizations of the historical and cultural psychology. In this theoretical methodological perspective, the human being constitutes itself while subject intermediated by the internalization/externalization of the meanings of its cultural group, that are constructed during the dialogical interactions. The main activity by which the preschool child affects this process is the make-believe play, for give the child opportunity to operate directly with the meanings shared in the cultural context where she lives is. In this manner, the objective of this research was to examine the dialogical interactions that happen during the make-believe play of children of a classroom of a riverine class of the Amazon to identify the meanings constructed in the interactions and to verify how, through them, the children co-construct themselves while citizens and participants of the culture. For this, I made a field-work in the classes of kindergarten of a pedagogical unit, located in the Island of the Combu, in the city of Belém of Pará, throughout the years of 2003 and 2006, that was divided in two distinct stages. At the first moment of the research, I effected the characterization of the cultural context of life of the children who frequented the classes of kindergarten. The participants of this stage were thirteen children who had frequented the classroom of kindergarten in the year of 2003, with eleven boys and two girls, between four and five years old, the teacher of the kindergarten class and the responsible ones for the children. The children and its familiar ones had been interviewed. The children had been observed playing in its houses. I analyzed the subjects, the partners, the places, objects and the meanings constructed in the kids play. At the second moment, I made the microgenetic analysis of the dialogical interactions that had occurred in the make-believe play. The participants had been sixteen children who had frequented the classroom of kindergarten in the year of 2005 and the teacher. The analyzed data showed: 1) The ways of construction of the meanings for the children and between them and the teacher; 2) The types of constructed meanings: about the world, about themselves and the others, and about the relation of themselves with the others; 3) The origin of the constructed meanings; 4) The relation culture-subjectivity. The characterization of the cultural context revealed that although they were in contact with the urban context, the children had revealed linked, mainly, to the riverine context. The microgenetic analysis of the dialogical interactions during the tricks showed that the meanings about the world, about themselves and the others, and the relation of themselves with the others, shared in the cultural context of the Island of the Combu, had been internalized, starting to constitute the subjectivities of the investigated children. It indicated in despite of make-believe play, by itself, independent of the participation of other children and the adult, contributes for the process of cultural constitution of the child, but it can be enriched with the participation of other children and the teacher, that respects the initiative, the culture, the level of development of the child and has clarity of its paper to plan and to lead the pedagogical act in one determined direction. Other children contribute increasing the motivation for the trick, including new elements of their cultural universe, renewing the subjects, offering models to be represented and creating complementation opportunities that imply in challenges to be adjusted during the interactions to the levels of developments of the partners. The teacher contributes planning interactive environment - child - child and child-teacher, respecting the activity and the level of development of the children, detaching the constructed meanings in the active and interactive way and, in some cases redirecting the play, with the purpose of the constitution of a determined type of subjectivity and not of a different one. In short, the study reveals how by means of the meanings constructed in the dialogical interactions, the children participate of their collective culture and constitute themselves as riverine people of Amazon.