Teses em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento (Doutorado) - PPGTPC/NTPC

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2334

O Doutorado Acadêmico iniciou-se em 2000 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento (PPGTPC), que integra o Núcleo de Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento (NTPC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acoustic ecology of dolphins of the genus Sotalia (Cetartiodactyla, Delphinidae) and of the newly described Araguaian boto Inia araguaiaensis (Cetartiodactyla, Iniidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-09) SANTOS, Gabriel Melo Alves dos; MAY-COLLADO, Laura J.; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
Sensory systems are vital for animals to obtain information about their surroundings. Information can be gathered via visual, chemical, electrical, tactile and acoustic cues. These cues are used in several ecological contexts including foraging, competition, defense, social interactions (e.g. courtship behavior), and to indicate a condition, emotional or reproductive state or identity of the signal emitter. For aquatic mammals, sound is the most important mechanism of communication. Light attenuates rapidly with depth in aquatic environments limiting visual communication. In contrast, sound has low attenuation in water and it travels about five times faster in water than in air, making a very efficient way to communicate underwater. Therefore, sound is a fundamental aspect of cetacean biology, as these animals rely on acoustic signals for communication, navigation and location of prey. The genus Sotalia consist of two species that inhabit contrasting habitats. The Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) inhabits the coastal waters from Nicaragua to Southern Brazil, and the tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis) is confined to the main tributaries of the Amazon Basin. Meanwhile, river dolphins of the genus Inia - commonly known as botos - are found exclusively in the Amazon, Orinoco, and Tocantins River Basins. With their conservation status of both genera as data deficient there is great demand for information on their biology. As a key factor on cetacean biology acoustics can provide us with a richness of information and used as a tool to acquire data on habitat use, population numbers and behavior. However, in order to do so, first one needs to know the species vocal repertoire in detail and be able to differentiate those using acoustic methods. Thus, here we present the first distributionwide analysis of the vocal repertoire of Sotalia dolphins and diversity and geographical patterns of their whistles. In addition, we present the first description of the vocal repertoire of Inia araguaiaensis focusing on repertoire diversity and structure. The whistle repertoire of both Sotalia species is highly structured, with populations of the riverine species showing a less diverse whistle repertoire than the populations of the coastal species. The highly structured repertoire is likely due to the small home ranges and low gene flow among populations. Differences in the richness of the acoustic repertoire between both species, may be due to a combination of socioecological and evolutionary factors. We also provide the first description of the Araguaian boto (Inia araguaiensis) acoustic behavior and showed that they have a rich acoustic repertoire consisting of whistles and primarily pulsed calls. While whistles were produced rarely, a specific type of call, the short two-component calls were the most common signal emitted during the study. These calls were similar in acoustic structure to those produced by orcas (Orcinus orca) and pilot whales (Globicephala sp.). Because of the context at which these signals were produced, we hypothesize that they possibly play a role in mother-calf communication. Sotalia and Inia can be acoustically distinguished based on their social sounds, as the former has a repertoire based on whistles and the latter based on pulsative calls. With the low emission rate of whistles by Inia, so chances of misidentification are low. Thus, sounds of both genera can be used to distinguish them from one another during passive acoustic monitoring and serve as proxies for species presence in studies of distribution, habitat use, and abundance.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adaptação da Escala de Ansiedade de Beck para avaliação de surdos e cegos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-05) SANCHEZ, Cintia Nazare Madeira; GOUVEIA JUNIOR, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274
This study met three articles concerning the adaptation of psychological instruments to evaluate the population of deaf and blind. Considering that these instruments are not adapted to evaluate people with special educational needs, complicating diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore the need to adapt these instruments for this population is indisputable. This situation also occurs in the area of deafness and blindness, in which there is a shortage of jobs in Brazil. In the first article was conducted a literature review of instruments adapted for this population. It is concluded that the area of hearing assessment scales are adapted to various factors as psychometric for measuring depression, anxiety and intelligence, but the area of blindness instruments are suited for the assessment of cognitive functioning. The aim of the second study was to adapt the Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI) to sign language and alphabet digital generating a scale to assess anxiety in deaf users of Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS). The sample consisted of 25 deaf users LIBRAS (experimental group) and 25 listeners (control group), aged between 18 and 25 years of age of both sexes, matched for age and sex. The application was made in a group. Following the guidelines, the subjects completed the scale, the scale pattern control group and the experimental group the adapted scale. The results of the study showed that the BAI adapted not statistically significant compared to the standard scale and total anxiety subscales: subjective, neurophysiological, autonomic, and panic. Therefore BAI adapted showed validity equivalent to BAI standard to assess anxiety in deaf, the items appear to have adapted the modified factor structure of the instrument, thus allowing its use in the assessment of anxiety in deaf users of LIBRAS. The third study was conducted with visually impaired, this deficiency is most prevalent in the population reaching 35.8 million people with difficulty seeing even with corrective lenses, and 506,3 thousand are blind. Despite the significant number of blind in the literature there are few studies of adapting assessment tools for the blind, as they are evaluated on the parameters of the seers. Given this reality, the objective of this study was to adapt the Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI) for Braille generating a scale to assess anxiety in blind Braille users. The sample consisted of 25 blind Braille users (experimental group) and 25 seers (control group), aged between 18 and 25 years of age of both sexes, matched for age and sex. The application was made in a group. Following the guidelines, the subjects completed the scale, the scale pattern control group and the experimental group the adapted scale. The results of the study showed that the BAI adapted not statistically significant compared to the standard scale and total anxiety subscales: subjective, neurophysiological, autonomic. Subscale panic in this difference was statistically significant at the limit. Therefore BAI adapted showed equivalent BAI validity standard for evaluating anxiety blind, adapted items seem to have modified the factor structures of the instrument, allowing their use in the evaluation of anxiety in users blind Braille.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adesão ao tratamento da malária: um estudo em comunidades do entorno da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) ROCHA, Maria de Nazaré Almeida; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723
Malaria, infectious disease, caused by the protozoan Plasmodium, transmitted to humans by the bite of female mosquito of the genus Anopheles. Currently puts at risk 40% of the world population. In Brazil occurs mainly in the Amazon region where they are concentrated 99.7% of cases. In communities located around the lake of Tucuruí the occurrence of malaria is high and the residents do not have efficient services that provide appropriate prophylaxis and therapy. This research has the purpose of examining the occurrence of conduct of accession to drug treatment and prevention of malaria in people living in the surrounding communities of the Tucuruí hydroelectric power, state of Para, through comparison of three conditions for intervention: Timing ( n = 10), Monitoring (n = 9) and Monitoring with information (n = 10). To quantitatively assess the effects of intervention in the conduct adopted three conditions were compared by non-parametric statistical methods: the Chi-square test and Binomial test. It was previously set the significance level alpha = 0.05 to reject the null hypothesis. The adherence to treatment and the conditions Routine Monitoring was marginal, however, in the condition Monitoring with information was found that after the intervention 80% of the participants joined significantly (p <0.05) to treatment, demonstrating, effectiveness of intervention. As to the knowledge of malaria, in the condition Monitoring with information when compared with other conditions, after intervention, was obtained p-value = 0.0466 (significant) indicating that the intervention promoted increase in the level of knowledge of participants on malaria. The analysis of change in the behavioral repertoire was held in thirteen items. Results have been achieved more success in then condition Monitoring with information on nine items was observed significant change of attitude of the participants, highlighting the fact that these nine items the p-value <0.05 was certificate as evidence of statistical significance of this conclusion. The comparison between the conditions Monitoring and Monitoring with information presented significant difference in eight items. There was a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) in the following items: Use mosquito net, notify the officer of health, keep the trees pruned or cut, not bathing in the river in times of danger, Wear clothes suitable for enter the forest, Use appropriate clothing for fishing, not staying at night and Use repellents as andiroba or similar. In summary, the intervention was successful to contribute to effective treatment of malaria and increase the level of knowledge about the disease.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da competição entre os efeitos de consequências imediatas e efeitos de justificativas sobre o seguimento de regras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-18) FARIAS, Andréa Fonseca; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
This study aimed to investigate the effects of rules with additional justifications of Type 1 (reports about possible consequences of rule governed behavior) and Type 2 (reports about eventual approval or not, of the rule following) on the maintenance of rule governed behavior, after a change in programmed contingencies when this behavior starts to produce loss of reinforcer (points exchangeable for cash). To this end, 44 participants were exposed to a matching to sample procedure. The task was to point to each of the three comparison stimuli in a given sequence. Each comparison stimulus had only one dimension - color (C), thickness (T) or shape (S) - in common with the sample and differed on all other dimensions. Experiment included six conditions. Each condition was composed of four phases. Phases 1 and 3 started with the presentation of a rule related to programmed contingencies, while Phases 2 and 4 were marked by an unsignaled change, in such contingencies. Phases 1 and 3 differed only as to the justifications presented to rule following. The maintenance of the rule governed behavior avoided loss of the programmed reinforcer in Phases 1 and 3, and produced such loss in Phases 2 and 4. Overall, results showed that rules with justifications can alter the probability of the behavior specified by them to occur in the future. The role of control by rules in the explanation of behavior was discussed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da formação de classes ordinais sob controle condicional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-08-20) NUNES, Ana Letícia de Moraes; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
Studies have shown that the formation of ordinal classes emerge from separate sequence training. The reversal of ordinal functions becomes an important variable when a sequence is subjected to conditional control. The development of ordinal classes under conditional control has been verified when a chaining procedure was used to establish the original contingencies. The training of overlapping paired sequences (e.g. A1->A2, A2->A3, A3- >A4, and A4->A5) may lead to the true emergence of intra-sequential transitive relations. There have been no conclusive results when using an overlapping procedure with conditional control. This study investigated the emergence of ordinal relations in children when overlapping paired stimuli were employed in three experiments. The experimental sessions were conducted in a room located in an educational institution. An REL software program (Version 5.0 for windows) was utilized for stimulus presentation and response recording. The experimental task required sequential responses simultaneous stimuli displayed on the monitor, and correct responses received differential reinforcement during the training session. The purpose of the pilot study was to ascertain whether ordinal relations emerged when training involved overlapping two-stimulus sequences and functional reversals (e.g. when a green square elicited an A1->A2 response, or if a red square elicited an A2->A1 response). Three preschool children participated in the study, and the visual stimuli were cardinal numbers (Sequence “A”), written names of numbers (“B”), and quantities (“C”). The emergence of transitive relations was observed in two participants, and another exhibited ordinal class formation under conditional control. Subsequently, Experiment 1 analyzed the emergence of ordinal relations in eight additional children, following overlapping twostimulus sequence training (e.g. A1->A2, A2->A3 and so forth). Two sets of visual stimuli were used (numbers and quantities). All participants formed transitive relations and in most of them, ordinal class formation was observed as well as novel performance on a generalization test. Furthermore, five children from Experiment 1 participated in Experiment 2, and were exposed to overlapping two-stimulus sequence training on one set of stimuli (“A”) involving conditional control of color discrimination. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of conditional control on ordinal relations. In all of these participants the emergence of transitive relations and ordinal class formation was verified. Three children produced pairs of the second sequence (“B”) under conditional control without direct training. However, performance on the sequence probes varied, apparently as a result of unprogrammed stimulus control. Finally, the discussion focused on the prerequisites for sequential responding under conditional control and its implications for the development of number concepts in children.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise das funções de verbalizações de terapeuta e cliente sobre sentimentos, emoções e estados motivacionais na terapia analítico-comportamental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-10-13) BARBOSA, João Ilo Coelho; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592
Recent studies done by behavior analysts have aimed at gaining more knowledge about the function which self-descriptive accounts of feelings, emotions and motivational states (SEM) can have on the therapeutic process. This would allow for the development of a model of behavior-analytic intervention in light of such report. This study investigated the possible relationship between the clients verbalizations which were made concerning SEM, the interventions of the therapist in light of these comments and the evolution of the problems or complaints of the client in the development of a clinical case. The participants in the study were an experienced behavior-analytic therapist and a married adult client, who had no record of psychiatric problems. Thirty-six sessions were recorded, transcribed and analyzed over a period of one year. The analysis of the verbalizations which occurred in the sessions was done on the basis of four categories, two referring to the therapist: categories related to the basic functions of the therapists verbalization (FBVT) and categories of analysis. The other two categories referred to the client: categories of analysis and indicators of complaint or change. These categories were also compared regarding their occurrence within and outside of emotional episodes (EE), defined as sequences of dialogues between therapist and client, in which there was at least one mention of the clients SEM. The analysis of the results showed that the main complaints of the client were related to her husband, body events, mood, parents or relatives, work colleagues and the lack of assertiveness. The SEM which were referred to most in the report of the client and the therapist were those related to motivational states, sadness and fear. It was verified that the therapists interventions, in light of the accounts with reference to SEM took place mainly in the form of investigation and confrontation. Only a small portion of these interventions suggested any relationship between a response of the client and environmental contingencies, predominately the antecedent-response type. The client made more relationships between environmental events and her responses than the therapist did, which were also of the antecedent-response type. Regarding the evolution of complaints made, one can affirm that there was no evidence of the occurrence of consistent changes in the clients repertoire, nor in the way she referred to her problems. Comparing the categories which were studied within and outside of the EE, a major change was found in the FBVT, in the categories of analysis of the therapist and the client. There was also a larger number of and variation of the occurrences of indicators of complaint or change within such episodes. Such results confirmed that feelings, emotions and motivational states are targets of investigation and intervention of the analytic-behavioral therapist, which are consistent with existing literature. The clients and therapists mention of SEM or of related events strengthen the idea that these can be dealt with, some times as hidden responses, some times as private stimulus and quite frequently as the relationship between those who are involved in the events, as well as groups of interrelated links. Not being occasionally able to observe terms of behavioral relationships which define SEM did not lead to a different type of approach on the part of the therapist. On the contrary, the mention of SEM by the therapist and client seemed to favor the occurrence of verbalization which established connections between the clients behavior and environmental events.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de conteúdo verbal na solução de dificuldades de portadores de transtornos ansiosos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-06-15) MOREIRA, Sandra Bernadete da Silva; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
Verbal behavior comprehension is crucial to the analysis of dysfunctional behaviors attended in behavior analytic therapy. Studies of verbal report studies on clinical context, have showed the importance of the use of verbal behavior and have generated intervention procedures to solve problems. Self-reports reinforcement, as a function of reinforcement contingencies, indicates that changing verbal behavior is an effective way to change non verbal behavior outside the therapeutic setting. The goal of this study is to show the utility of a procedure of managing verbal contingencies by a therapist through the systematization of a client verbal contents and its written devolution to solve problems of individuals with anxious disorders in a therapeutic setting. After being exposed to their own verbal behavior, it was possible to two participants of this study to characterize their difficulties, identifying and describing ambient contingencies related to their undesirable behavior and consequently to describe proposes of solution of these difficulties. It is discussed how the exposition to systematized verbal report changes further the verbal reports and the problem behavior.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uma análise de procedimentos para a indução de nomeação bidirecional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-10-06) SANTOS, Edson Luiz Nascimento dos; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
The present thesis consists of a literature review and an experimental study with the aim of analyzing procedures that are used to induction of bidirectional naming (BiN). The theoretical study carried out a systematic review of experimental studies on BiN in order to identify and analyze, considering the new classification proposed by Hawkins, Gautreaux and Chiesa (2018), the profile of the participants, the subtypes of BiN that the studies sought to assess and the teaching procedures used, the procedures used to test the emergency of BiN, and the BiN effectively evaluated. It was observed that 16 studies were realized with participants with atypical development, and that the majority used (1) identity matching-to-sample with the experimenter tacting the sample stimulus (IDMTS+tact) training and tact and listener tests in the evaluation of ‘speaker unidirectional naming’; and (2) ‘multiple exemplar instruction’ (MEI) as procedures to induce ‘speaker unidirectional naming’. The experimental study aimed to verify the effectiveness of a MEI procedure to induction of BiN and to assess whether presenting joint bidirectional naming is sufficient to demonstrate incidental bidirectional naming in four children with ASD. One participant demonstrated joint bidirectional naming after MEI and joint incidental bidirectional naming with new stimulus. The second participant passed the tests of listener unidirectional naming and other two, who had joint bidirectional naming at the pre-test, also had incidental bidirectional naming. The results are discussed in the light of the current literature.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação de um programa de ensino de leitura e construção de sentenças para crianças com autismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09-28) PAIXÃO, Glenda Miranda da; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by significant disturbances in communication, social interaction and other children's behavior. These disturbances may restrict the development of equivalent stimulus classes, which may hinder the development of repertoires such as reading and writing. To prevent or remedy difficulties in developing these repertoires, behavior analysis studies have applied the Constructed Response Matching to Sample (CRMTS) procedure, in which is required pairing response to the model from the selection of stimuli that compose it. Using this procedure, a series of three studies were conducted with three children diagnosed with ASD, in which were gradually taught to build words and sentences of two to five components and tested the textual reading and reading with comprehension and, as well as the construction of new sentences. The stimuli used were visual and auditory responses and the observation and selection responses got along from the touch on the computer screen. Two children showed textual reading and comprehension, in addition to the widespread construction of three and five terms sentences, showing maintenance of the repertoire after fifteen and thirty days. One child showed textual reading and comprehension, and general construction of sentences with two terms. A fourth participant was exposed to the teaching procedure, which is applied by the mother, showing textual and comprehension reading, and general construction of sentences with five terms, also demonstrating maintenance. The data indicate that there was equivalence classes and ordinal classes formation, maintaining these repertoires even after a period without exposure to tasks for children diagnosed with ASD.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação do procedimento de decomposição comportamental para a descrição de competências no contexto público federal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06-18) RAMOS, Camila Carvalho; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
The Competency Management model was introduced in Brazil through Decree 5,707 / 2006 to guide the development of personnel in the Federal Public Administration. Although many organizations seek to implement this new management model, little attention has been given to the description of ompetencies. According to previous researches, teaching objectives or, in this study, competence, need to specify the concrete behavior of a professional who should be learned or improved from the training activities. The objective and exact specification of these competencies is a crucial first step in the whole process of management. The aim of this study was to apply the behavioral decomposition procedure to improve the description of competencies a federal public institution. To do so, they were prepared and analyzed five problematic conditions of the descriptions of competencies which could hinder its operation. The study was conducted in a federal public institution was divided into the following phases: 1) Competency Mapping, 2) Categorization; 3) Analysis of the descriptions of competencies and behavioral decomposition. As a result of mapping it has identified 191 competencies. The decomposition results showed that 93.20% of skill descriptions presented at least one of the five problematic conditions. In addition, when analyzing and decomposing mapped competencies have been identified behavioral 1,168 units. The results confirm the suitability of the decomposition procedure to improve the description of competencies. The categorization of failures formulation, developed in the educational context, proved useful to the organizational context. Subsequent studies should explore the possible impact of the procedure here about the effectiveness of subsequent stages of management by competencies such as setting priorities for training activities for the institution to achieve its strategic objectives.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicações da formação de classes de equivalência na intervenção analítico-comportamental ao autismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-08-22) SILVA, Álvaro Júnior Melo e; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7231331062174024
The applied potential of the current knowledge on equivalence class formation has much to be explored. There are few studies reported in the literature involving, for example, equivalence of stimuli applied to autism. In this thesis, in addition to the application of stimulus equivalence technology, there is the search for approximation of two areas of study, equivalence of stimuli and verbal behavior, which, in different ways, have approached the phenomenon commonly called language. In the two studies here presented it was investigated the contribution of the equivalence stimulus for the emergence of intraverbal relations in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Study 1 evaluated the emergence of intraverbal relations via equivalence-based instruction. Two children with ASD participated in the study. After the teaching of listener relations (AB) and tact (BC), the emergence of intraverbal relations (AC and CA) was verified. The data show that participant Lucia presented the immediate emergency of AC intraverbal relations and the other participant, Lucas, presented low accuracy of performance in the first session and maximum precision in the second session. Lucas’ performance pattern may be considered compatible with delayed emergence of intraverbal relations consistent with the equivalence class formation. At the same time, such data allowed us to question whether or not the observed performance was a result of rapid acquisition of the intraverbal relations due to the prompt provided during the test/training. Study 2 explored this issue, evaluating the acquisition of consistent and inconsistent intraverbal relations with equivalence class formation. The two children of the Study 1 participated in Study 2. After teaching of listener relations (A1B1, A2B2, A3B3, and A4B4) and tact (B1C1, B2C2, B3C3, and B4C4), participants were exposed to consistent intraverbal relations (A1C1, A2C2, C1A1, and C2A2) and inconsistent (A3C4, A4C3, C4A3, and C3A4) with formation of equivalence class formation. The data showed that there was only the acquisition of the consistent relations with class formation for the participant Lucia. For Lucas there was no difference in the acquisition of both types of relations in AC training and there was a slight difference in the acquisition of AC relations, so that consistent intraverbal relations with class formation were learned in fewer sessions or attempts. From Lucia's data, mainly, it can be concluded that an earlier history involving the stimuli of a current relation to be trained facilitates the acquisition of this case the previous contingencies have favored the relation between the stimuli as members of a set or class. Lucas’ data also confirm the initial assumption on the possibility of fast acquisition during test with programmed reinforcement and corrective prompting. The data obtained in this thesis not only prove the applicability of the equivalence of stimuli, but also can encourage new research to use stimulus equivalence as a behavioral technology.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atenção conjunta e repertórios verbais em crianças com autismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-29) SILVA, Flávia Teresa Neves; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
This work brought together a literature review and two experimental studies in order to investigate the relationship between joint attention (JA) and verbal repertoires in children with autism. The first study reviewed studies based on Behavior Analysis methodologies and procedures that investigated the teaching of JA for children with autism, trying to describe and analyze the variables involved in teaching joint attention responses (JAR) and initiation of joint attention (IJA). The first experimental study investigated in three children with autism functional relationships that could be established between social conditional discriminative stimuli/reinforcers and JA, tact and mand. The second experimental study evaluated in three children with autism who had joint attention the relationship between expressive and receptive vocabulary. The literature review showed that Behavior Analysis provides efficient technologies to teach JAR and IJA, but that JAR is more easily installed than the IJA. The results of empirical studies 1) indicate that the JA is important for children with autism properly establish the object-name relationship displayed by adults and thus expand and generalize these learned verbal relations; and 2) have suggested the need for expansion of reinforcing community of this population and the intensive tact instruction in order to increase the opportunities that the child will recruit adult attention as a conditioned social reinforcer.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de um sistema on-line de instrução personalizado na aprendizagem conceitual e procedimental de professores da educação especial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-01-30) COSTA, Malena Russelakis Carneiro; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
Behavior-analytic procedures have been identified as effective for training teachers working in special education. However, most are implemented in a face-to-face and individualized manner, leading to a lower cost-benefit ratio compared to online training. This study evaluated the efficacy of a Personalized Online Instruction System (POIS) in teaching declarative knowledge about autism diagnosis, basic concepts of Behavior Analysis, and the implementation of three behavior-analytic procedures (Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement Preference Assessment, Brief Functional Analysis, and Functional Communication Training) to thirty-five special education teachers. All teachers completed the POIS modules, organized sequentially and individually, including video instruction, written material, and written and computerized feedback. Progression between modules was contingent on meeting minimum performance criteria in posttests. Nine participants underwent generalization tests to verify the practical application of procedural knowledge in simulated trials with confederates. These tests involved implementing the three learned behavior-analytic procedures, assessing the accuracy of correct responses. Results indicated that the POIS was effective in teaching declarative knowledge. However, in the generalization test, no participant met the criterion to independently implement the procedures, thus requiring additional training with feedback. This study contributes to the development of efficient and accessible teacher training methodologies, which highlights the importance of combining online instructional systems with in-person strategies to maximize learning and practical application of behavior-analytic repertoires in special education.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Bem-estar de macacos-prego no cativeiro: engenharia comportamental no enriquecimento ambiental e análise da dinâmica espacial.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-25) LESSA, Miguel Angelo Monteiro; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9912-3833
Capuchin monkeys (Sapajus ssp.) in captivity have few opportunities to perform characteristics skills of these monkeys in the natural environment. The responsibility for the welfare of the capuchin monkeys living in the Experimental School for Primates poses the task of finding healthier living conditions. The objective is to build captive environment conditions functionally similar to the natural environment, using physical, foraging, cognitive and social environmental-enrichment techniques. Aditionally, interested in knowing about the social relations within the spatial interactions it is proposed to describe the relationships in terms of inter-individual spatial proximity and preferred heights in different groups of Sapajus spp. kept in captivity. Fourteen individuals of four groups of three institutions were observed in three different contexts: before, during and after feeding. The positions of each individual were recorded using the scan sampling method. The results showed a pattern of inter-distance between different dyads of animals in study groups. The monkeys were closer after feeding and far before and during feeding. Differences among preferred places were also observed. The dominant monkeys spent more time in places that were most attractive. The subordinate monkeys spent more time on the opposite and less attractive places in relation to the place occupied by the dominant. The overall pattern of interindividual spacing was similar to that observed in nature, male capuchin monkeys showed a characteristic avoidance and no approximation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Classes de equivalência e expansão de repertórios verbais autoclíticos em crianças com diagnóstico de autismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-26) KATAOKA, Katarina Dias; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7231331062174024
The possible identity between equivalence relations and functional classes is consistent with the proposal that all elements arbitrarily related in the contingence can participate in the classes. This proposal makes it feasible obtaining equivalence relations properties via three-term contingencies. Additionally, the applied potential of class formation procedures in advancing verbal repertoires in children diagnosed with autism remains underexplored. The present dissertation includes two studies. Study 1 investigated stimulus class formation (via procedure of repeated reversals of simple discrimination [RRDS] using compound class-specific consequences) and the junction of classes formed via RRDS with classes formed via MTS. In Study 2, RRDS and MTS procedures with compound class-specific consequences, were used to produced formation/expansion of arbitrary classes "female / male" and the productivity of verbal relations including linguistic coordination of gender. Participants were two children diagnosed with autism. In Study 1, RRDS training with ABC and BCD stimulus sets was performed, besides “tests for functional class formation”; “test for equivalence relations AD, BD and DC”, “arbitrary MTS training DE and tests for ED and EC relations”; “tests for functional class formation BCDE”. Both participants showed evidence of class formation. The data obtained with both participants confirm the expansion of classes. This set of data suggests that findings documenting functional and equivalence classes reflect the same behavioral phenomena (substitutability of arbitrarily related elements) via different procedures. In Study 2, the stimuli were pictures of objects and stimuli "a" and "o" which were related to the classes "masculine" and "feminine". RRDS were processed with stimulus sets ABCDE, besides “MTS AF”, “tests in the context of simple discrimination with stimulus sets BCDEF”, and “generalization tests” (tasks that simulated the educational context) to check the formation of classes in other contexts and with new stimuli. The results showed the establishment and incorporation of new stimuli in classes "masculine" and "feminine" and expansion of classes. The accuracy of results in productivity test was above 90%, indicating that performance obtained in class formation procedure remained accurate when stimulus control tasks were presented in new ways, more similar to academic tasks. This type of result encourages the use of such procedures in the construction of complex stimulus control of education programs with children diagnosed with autism.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comportamento suicida: sociedade, assistência e relações comportamentais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-12-14) BRANDÃO, Whashington Luiz de Oliveira; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723
This work was built by means of three studies, a theoretical and two empirical ones. The first study aimed at relating the human development indicators (HDI) in the Northern capitals of Brazil, in particular the city of Macapá-AP, with conditioning aspects for suicidal behavior (CS). For that purpose, we accessed national and international publications that described epidemiological aspects of CS and evaluation of HDI. The data indicate that there is a relation between HDI dimensions - income, longevity and education - with suicide rates. The second study aimed at describing the knowledge that 28 psychologists working in assistance to public mental health have on the suicide phenomenon in the city of Macapá-AP, as well as identifying their procedures in the care of the people involved, through application of a self-administered questionnaire. The results indicate that, considering a perspective on CS knowledge, the professionals reported minimal knowledge, but individually incipient compared to what is described in the literature and, in particular, in manuals and public policies that emphasize on prevention and management of cases. In the third study, we aimed at describing the report about the life cycle (childhood, adolescence and current context) besides the suicide attempt episode lived by seven people (five women and two men). It was observed in the report of the life cycle that there are both events involving situations of cohesion and family conflict; sexual abuse situations, difficulty in dealing with the consequences of sexual orientation. Suicide attempt can be analyzed as a self-control strategy with escape and avoidance function. The study of suicidal behavior is a complex and dense area, which can motivate researchers to pursue further efforts in order to provide a better assistance to those involved.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comportamento, ritmo de atividade e arquitetura das galerias de Uca maracoani (Latreille, 1802) e Minuca rapax (Smith, 1870)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-11-22) BELÚCIO, Lucinice Ferreira; GOUVEIA JUNIOR, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274
This study aimed to elaborate the behavioral budget and to obtain the level of annual activity on the surface as well as the shape of the galleries of Uca maracoani and Minuca rapax, which coexist in the intertidal region of the Curuperé mangrove, Curuçá, Pará, During four sequential lunar periods, from October to December of 2013, the behavior of the species was shot to obtain the budget. The annual activity of the species was evaluated by shooting the number of active animals and galleries at four sites along the river. To evaluate the shape and distribution of the galleries paraffin casts were obtained in two stations with mud sediment and sand-muddy. In the ethogram of the species, ninety-five behaviors were recorded, grouped into the categories: Feeding, Reproductive, Walking and Running, Acoustics and Sysmics, Territorial, Agonistic, Maintenance and Grooming. The following categories were important to differentiate the energy budget of the species: Feeding, Territorial, Acoustics, Reproductive. Considering the difference of niches of males and females of the same species, the following behaviors are noteworthy: Feeding, Walking and Running, Territorial, Maintenance, Acoustics and Sysmics, Reproductive, Grooming. A great amount of rainfall (February) and low humidity (October) decreased animals activity at the surface, while the climate in June allowed a higher activity of these animals at the surface. Despite some similarities in the architecture of the galleries of the two species, the differences in volume and depth suggest that they present individual scales that are very different from influences in the bioturbation process. However, this process can be counterbalanced by the population density of each species and its activity rate.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O conceito de punição na obra de B. F. Skinner: uma análise Histórico-conceitual (1930-1990)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-07-06) SANTOS, Buna Colombo dos; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
Two definitions of punishment are more often referred to by behavioral analysts: Skinner's definition and Azrin and Holz’s definition. These definitions represent two theories of punishment (asymmetrical and symmetrical theory). Although the symmetrical position is the most cited, this does not appear to have caused the cessation of the asymmetrical position. Thus, both theories coexist and are debated within Behavior Analysis. In this sense, some studies have examined these positions and, in relation to the asymmetrical positioning, analyze more specifically the position assumed by Skinner. These studies contributed to the understanding of Skinner's position on punishment, but left some gaps to fill: (1) They did not include documents from the entire Skinner's publication period, focusing mostly in 1953; and (2) they did not analyze the concept of punishment in relation to other key concepts and their modifications within Skinner's theory. Thus, the objective of this study was to systematically characterize the concept of punishment in B.F. Skinner's work between 1930 and 1990, emphasizing: (a) the definitions presented by the author throughout his work; and (b) the explanatory mechanisms used by Skinner to deal with punishment. Published and unpublished documents of Skinner between 1930 and 1990 were analyzed. The results, presented in three chapters, showed that there were changes in the terminology, definition and explanation of punishment in the 1930’s and that these changes were due, among other factors, to the development of the concept of reflex reserve. This concept was questioned in the early 1940’s and completely abandoned in the 1950’s. It was argued that the concept was the key to Skinner's formulation of punishment as asymmetrical to reinforcement, and although it was abandoned in the 1950’s, some of its key features survived. It was also observed that, from the 1960’s, there were no major changes in the concept of punishment. These results address the main objectives of this work.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conhecimento etnozoológico de estudantes de escolas públicas sobre os mamíferos aquáticos que ocorrem na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-30) RODRIGUES, Angélica Lúcia Figueiredo; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
Aquatic mammals are important functional elements of their ecosystem. Conservation actions would not be efficient with lack of information concerning the ecology and biology of those species as well as the perceptions that local communities have about those animals. Interactions of aquatic mammals with human populations happen mainly by fishnets accidents, straining, or the symbolic, mystical-religious values they possess, which may lead to both positive and negative human perceptions. Many studies on the perception of cetaceans (river dolphins and whales) and sirenians (manatees) were carried out using fisherman as the main interlocutor, but few have reported what children and young school age teenagers know about those animals and how they interact. The aim of this dissertation was to investigate school children’s ethnozoological knowledge on aquatic mammals in different locations of the State of Pará, in the Amazon Region of Brazil, recording the main interactions between them and free-ranging river dolphins, whales, and manatees (N=15). Thus, we used quantitative and qualitative methods in ethnozoology to analyze essays (N=374), interviews, questionnaires, and topographic plates (N=241). The subjects of this investigation were students from public fundamental schools II of Abaetetuba region and Mocajuba, in the Lower Tocantins River, Marajo Island, Santarém (Tapajós River), and Belem Metropolitan Region. Our results show that there was a prevalence of positive statements concerning to the pink-river dolphin (Inia sp.) (66%, N=89) compared to those related to dolphins Sotalia sp. (22%, N = 29), manatees (7%, N = 9) and whales (7%, N = 5%). Feelings of indifference (30%) along with fear (32%) were the most frequent in the voices of the students. Students had previous ethnozoological knowledge on morphology, diversity, legends, behavior, and threatening to aquatic mammal survival. In places where the living is largely based on fishery resources, young people tend to confirm details and part of the knowledge derived from both the family and the television midia. Because of the boto legend reported by the students in the regions surveyed we were able to identify variations related to social contexts and several behaviors, depending on the presence or absence of river dolphins in the regions. Despite great part of the subjects being part of an area considered to be urban, the belief on the boto legend is vastly disseminated, concurring for the myth to be held in the Amazonian imaginary, demonstrating that oral tradition is still strong in urban populations. Interactions between river dolphins and young/children close to rivers and fairs of Santarém and Mocajuba revealed that the most evident behaviors are those involving feeding river dolphins with fishes, and the playful behavior of a group of young school children that swim with pink-river dolphin in the rivers of the region. We found that although the aquatic mammals that occur in the Amazon may be poorly known from the biological point of view or even feared by part of the students, they could accepted by the students and may be taken into account in conservation programs by means of popular and scientific knowledge articulation. Those programs must guarantee the maintenance of local knowledge along with the species and their ecosystem maintenance. A greater perception of the public on the importance of biological diversity maintenance and environmental conservation may assist on the dissemination of information about aquatic mammals, contributing to a gradual deconstruction of negative values about them. This research provides a background to carry out efficient projects of awareness and information for future studies about aquatic mammals in the Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A construção de significados nas brincadeiras de faz-de-conta por crianças de uma turma de educação infantil ribeirinha da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-03-03) TEIXEIRA, Sônia Regina dos Santos; ALVES, José Moysés; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6500775506186127
The present study focuses the process of construction of meanings in the make-believe play for children of a riverine class in Amazon, from the formularizations of the historical and cultural psychology. In this theoretical methodological perspective, the human being constitutes itself while subject intermediated by the internalization/externalization of the meanings of its cultural group, that are constructed during the dialogical interactions. The main activity by which the preschool child affects this process is the make-believe play, for give the child opportunity to operate directly with the meanings shared in the cultural context where she lives is. In this manner, the objective of this research was to examine the dialogical interactions that happen during the make-believe play of children of a classroom of a riverine class of the Amazon to identify the meanings constructed in the interactions and to verify how, through them, the children co-construct themselves while citizens and participants of the culture. For this, I made a field-work in the classes of kindergarten of a pedagogical unit, located in the Island of the Combu, in the city of Belém of Pará, throughout the years of 2003 and 2006, that was divided in two distinct stages. At the first moment of the research, I effected the characterization of the cultural context of life of the children who frequented the classes of kindergarten. The participants of this stage were thirteen children who had frequented the classroom of kindergarten in the year of 2003, with eleven boys and two girls, between four and five years old, the teacher of the kindergarten class and the responsible ones for the children. The children and its familiar ones had been interviewed. The children had been observed playing in its houses. I analyzed the subjects, the partners, the places, objects and the meanings constructed in the kids play. At the second moment, I made the microgenetic analysis of the dialogical interactions that had occurred in the make-believe play. The participants had been sixteen children who had frequented the classroom of kindergarten in the year of 2005 and the teacher. The analyzed data showed: 1) The ways of construction of the meanings for the children and between them and the teacher; 2) The types of constructed meanings: about the world, about themselves and the others, and about the relation of themselves with the others; 3) The origin of the constructed meanings; 4) The relation culture-subjectivity. The characterization of the cultural context revealed that although they were in contact with the urban context, the children had revealed linked, mainly, to the riverine context. The microgenetic analysis of the dialogical interactions during the tricks showed that the meanings about the world, about themselves and the others, and the relation of themselves with the others, shared in the cultural context of the Island of the Combu, had been internalized, starting to constitute the subjectivities of the investigated children. It indicated in despite of make-believe play, by itself, independent of the participation of other children and the adult, contributes for the process of cultural constitution of the child, but it can be enriched with the participation of other children and the teacher, that respects the initiative, the culture, the level of development of the child and has clarity of its paper to plan and to lead the pedagogical act in one determined direction. Other children contribute increasing the motivation for the trick, including new elements of their cultural universe, renewing the subjects, offering models to be represented and creating complementation opportunities that imply in challenges to be adjusted during the interactions to the levels of developments of the partners. The teacher contributes planning interactive environment - child - child and child-teacher, respecting the activity and the level of development of the children, detaching the constructed meanings in the active and interactive way and, in some cases redirecting the play, with the purpose of the constitution of a determined type of subjectivity and not of a different one. In short, the study reveals how by means of the meanings constructed in the dialogical interactions, the children participate of their collective culture and constitute themselves as riverine people of Amazon.