Artigos Científicos - IFCH

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/3094

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Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 139

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Perversidades da ausência: política habitacional na Região Metropolitana de Belém
(1999-12) RAVENA, Nírvia
O tema central abordado pela autora é a política habitacional na região metropolitana de Belém, buscando entender a relação entre a retomada do processo decisório e de formulação e implementação de políticas públicas em um contexto democrático e os movimentos de ocupação de áreas urbanas. Nas discussões são considerados, então, duas instâncias: uma relacionada à dinâmica da formulação de políticas habitacionais nas instituições estatais e outra que busca entender a representação que os “ocupantes” dos espaços invadidos têm desse processo.
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O antropólogo Herbert Baldus
(2000) SILVA, Orlando Sampaio
Herbert Baldus was a German-Brazilian anthropologist who played an important role in the development of anthropological research and knowledge in Brazil. His scientific work was intimately linked to his own life, spent mostly in this country, where he devoted himself to teaching, to research and scientific divulgation, as well as to the establishment of an official Indian policy bent on the preservation of indigenous populations. His theoretical contributions ranged from initial investigations on material culture and non-material culture to functional and structural approaches, while he also established the foundations for the study of cultural change of Indian societies in contact situations.
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O imaginário social sobre a Amazônia: antropologia dos conhecedores
(2000-09) SÁ, Samuel Maria de Amorim e
The text is grounded on a theoretical base that sees the imaginary as a part of social reality and a pertinent way of shaping knowledge makers. Reference is made to situations and authors that address this topic directly or indirectly. One vein also explores the social imaginary regarding public health. The conclusion underscores the importance of the imaginary in averting an a-critical consumer-society importation of solutions. Instead, institutions or solutions should be sourced from both the outside and the inside, or from endogenous and exogenous traditions, as part of a continuous reprocessing.
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Autoridade médica e divulgação científica no Grão-Pará flagelado pelo cólera: século XIX
(2002-06) BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe
The increment of the Cholera epidemic in 1855 in Grão-Pará started a strong debate among the doctors of the Province regarding the conduct and treatment for the sick. Besides the academic discussion, therapeutical information was largely published in the local press. The documents appearing in the newspapers reveal a pedagogical and persuasive nature. In the Grão-Pará, voices of such nature were heard in the Treze de Maio and in the Diario do Gram Pará. in Rio, the capital of the Empire at the time, the debate took place in the pages of Jornal do Commercio and the Diario do Rio de Janeiro. The paper presents the efforts of science writing based on medical authority of the professionals at work during the Cholera epidemis in Grão-Pará.
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Dinheiro no Brasil: um estudo comparativo do significado do dinheiro entre as regiões geográficas brasileiras
(2002-12) MOREIRA, Alice da Silva
This study compared the meaning of money that prevail in Brazilian Regions using the Money Meaning Scale (MMS), composed by Inequality, Culture, Power, Progress, Detachment, Conflict, Stability, Pain and Pleasure Factors. The study was carried out with a sample of 760 subjects, 60% women, with varied ages, occupation and income, and more than five years living in the place. Results indicated significant differences in all components, except Pleasure and Pain, and differential patterns: higher Stability in the North, higher Conflict and Detachment in the Northeast, lower Stability and Power in the Federal District, lower Power and Conflict in the South, and in the Southeast higher Power, Inequality, Culture, Pleasure and Pain, and lower Detachment. A separated exam of the Southeast showed a higher internal diversity than among Brazilian Regions. These results are discussed considering historic-cultural aspects and stereotypy. It indicated that MMS is sensitive to discriminate meaning of money profiles.
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''Bailando com o Senhor'': técnicas corporais de culto e louvor (o êxtase e o transe como técnicas corporais)
(2003) MAUÉS, Raymundo Heraldo
Charismatic Catholic's utilization of the body as instrument of cult and praise, with healing and other techniques, has called so much attention in Brazil. This is reinforced by mass media, especially through the role played by ministers as Father Marcelo Rossi. This fact permits a reflection and a comparative study with other kinds of cult, mainly those with shamanistic characteristics, as rural Amazon pajelança and Afro-Brazilian religions. This article begins with the notion of body techniques, as formulated by Marcel Mauss, and deals with Merleau-Ponty, Pierre Bourdieu and Thomas Csordas concepts. With these theoretical instruments, the article tries to analyze a part of the empirical data collected by the author in a field research among the Charismatic Catholics in the city of Belém and among rural inhabitants (peasants and craft fishermen) of Brazilian Eastern Amazon (coastal region of Pará State), whose mainly religious practice is pajelança and popular Catholicism.
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A modernização na era das incertezas: crise e desafios da teoria social
(2003) BRITO, Daniel Chaves de; RIBEIRO, Tânia Guimarães
This article discusses the challenges posed to the modern social theories and generated by the crisis in development planning theories in view of the formation of a risk society - individual, social and environmental. In this sense, the theses formulated within the scope of the theories of development, that promised to accomplish happiness for humanity, became a normative and theoretical project of modernization-rationalization based on the certainty of its results through planning. However, as opposed to this perspective conceived under the Enlightenment, the article finally presents the idea of progress parallel to an imminent situation of social risks arguing against the modern social theories and their perspective of global analysis.
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Comunicação dos conhecimentos produzidos em análise do comportamento: uma competência a ser aprendida?
(2003-12) CARMO, João dos Santos; BATISTA, Marcelo Quintino Galvão
Behavior analysts have some difficulties in communicating their knowledge to other scientific communities, mainly to those that could apply it, like teachers, parents, nurses, engineers and so on. This essay presents some reflections, as well as promotes discussions, on the reasons why those difficulties occur, and points out ways to overcome them. The adequate communication between behavior analysts and non-analysts is important on account of the social return it conveys.
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Na "casa da mãe"/na "casa do pai": anotações (de uma antropóloga e avó) em torno da "circulação" de crianças
(2004-07) MOTTA-MAUÉS, Maria Angélica
This paper discusses children's circulation, based in personal inspiration, fieldwork and observation of particular situations. Taking into account some experiences such as children of poor parents brought up by well-to-do people as a member of their household, adoption, fosterage, children's tutelage and circulation of children of medium social strata between father's and mother's house, the purpose of this article is: (1) to see how these phenomena have been interpreted in anthropological studies; (2) to conceive this circulation in a more flexible and broader manner, to include in it more dynamic and shorter fluxes, and other groups that permit to see, in this circuit, for instance, an anthropologist and her grandson.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cólera e gentes de cores ou o acesso aos socorros públicos no século XIX
(2004-07) BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe
The prevailing ethnic diversity in the province of Grão-Pará (at the mouth of the Amazon River) during the 19th-century cholera academic is revealed in the categories recorded by physicians, travelers, and chroniclers, with various nuances in the color and ethnicity of victims. The following cholera victims were classified under terms equivalent to indigenous: caboclas, índias, and tapuias, totaling 205 individuals, while blacks included cafuzas, mamelucas, mulatas, pardas, and pretas, totaling 646; meanwhile whites totaled 184. Persons of color who died during the epidemic thus comprised 82% of the individuals buried at the Soledade Cemetery. Does cholera "choose" its victims? Is it blind towards the social conditions, color, and ethnicity of the groups it strikes? These are the key questions in relation to the 19th-century epidemic, along with the question of access to public health care in Belém do Grão-Pará, based on documents from the Pará State Archives (APEP) and the Pará Historical and Geographic Institute (IHGP).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Um toque de voyeurismo
(2005) HENRIQUE, Márcio Couto
For years many have doubted whether it was possible to delve into the private history of Brazilians from previous centuries by reading their personal journals, considered nonexistent. However, recent research has demonstrated that the desire to reveal oneself to others by keeping diaries and other personal records also existed in Brazil in the 19th century. In this article we contend that the insufficiency or lack of visibility of diaries in Brazil resulted mainly from choice by our ancestors, who often opted to destroy such personal records to avoid having others shuffle curiously through their private lives. In other cases, archivists and researchers neglected to acknowledge and classify such documents as historical sources. More specifically, we analyze the diary of José Vieira Couto de Magalhães (1837–1898), an important 19th century Brazilian politician and intellectual, in the attempt to perceive to what extent the author's communication of himself also conveyed a little of the world in which he viewed himself, or how he related to it. Referring to the time he spent in London (1880–1887), the diary records his belittlement of women, his homoerotic dreams, his preening, his dread at the thought of falling ill, and other topics, thus constituting an excellent opportunity to highlight the legitimacy of sexuality as an object of research and reflection by the Social Sciences.
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A Noção de empregabilidade nas políticas de qualificação e educação profissional no Brasil nos anos 1990
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-09) ESPÍRITO SANTO, Maria Angélica Alberto do
This article's main objective is to present the different meanings that the term employability has acquired both at the conception and throughout the development of training policies for the work force in Brazil in the 1990's, a process which was highly influenced by neoliberal thinking. In order to do so, we minutely examined various documents produced by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Labor and Employment and the Ministry of Health, particularly those documents that touched upon education and training policies and the implementation of such policies. The conclusion is that education, particularly while administered by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Labor and Employment, was one of the major means through which the notion of employability was disseminated. Another conclusion is that the use of this notion has conditioned thinking and behavior in educational processes and labor relations. The Ministry of Health also applied the notion of political employability of workers in the attempt of minimizing the impact of the lack of qualification of the work force in the area of health.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O abastecimento no século XVIII no Grão Pará: Macapá e vilas circunvizinhas
(2005-12) RAVENA, Nírvia
Through the analysis of supply in villages and Indian settlements from Pará in the colonial period, this article provides evidence of the autonomy and the productivity of the populations placed in the geographic area consisting of the northern region of Amazonia. São José do Macapá and the outskirts villages are considered pioneer areas of the development of the Pombal period politics of colonization, these populations, different from what has been previously interpreted, searched in the local environment for the solution to the problems originated by metropolitan politics. The demands of Indian labour, the seduction by the profits in the goods which composed the role of “drogas do sertão” and the construction of the Fort of São José do Macapá, directed the comsumption of all the efforts and goods in the metropolitan politic to the detriment of the objective presented as motivation for the dislocation of the Portuguese colonists.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caboclos na Amazônia: a identidade na diferença
(2006) RODRIGUES, Carmem Izabel
This work aims at discussing issues related to essentialness and reification, which are found in identity construction processes, as well as in current worldwide cultural differences claims, particularly the identity (or non-identity) of the Amazonian caboclo. Can we talk about a caboclo identity? If caboclo is not an ethnic category, in the strict sense of the term, then it is in the game of difference that it is constructed, as well as other anthropologic subjects/objects.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pescadores insulares e mercados: aspectos das relações de reciprocidade no comércio de pescado no Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-08) LEITÃO, Wilma Marques; SOUSA, Isabel Soares de
This paper put on few reflexions emerged from ethnographies on islands on the mouth of Amazon river: Capim island, in Abaetetuba and Apeú Salvador, located in Viseu. We analyzed few features related to the fisheries market in which are the habitants of these islands. The ethnography allows us a rich dialogue with theories towards the analyze of the process involving these small fishworkers, mainly theirs commercial affairs, that include larger than monetarist links. In that region fishery is a very important activity not only by supply food directly to people but in their sole commercial production. Grosso modo, all fishermen in small scales are designated by the term 'artisanal', and we suggest thereway that the simplist opposition from 'artisanal' to industrial fishery, reduce the specificities and particular fields of the production, leading to an idea of homogeneity in the activity. What we want is just point put the complexity and diversification of social organization in which group of fishermen, in accord with each empiric reality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adesão ao tratamento da urticária crônica
(2007-12) FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; MENDONÇA, Mariana Barreira; LOBÃO, Antonio Carlos
This work presents a case study of a woman who had been addressed to the psychology service, diagnosed with chronic urticaria. This woman's main complaint was that the symptoms were still present even though she was complying the treatment. The purpose was to assist the client to promote the installation of new behaviors and to generalize appropriate behavior patterns, looking for a better urticaria control. Ten sessions were carried out in the hospital, by using the Constructional approach from Behavior Analysis, through the related episode's functional analysis. Results indicated that the triggering and maintenance of the crises had multiple reasons. The contingency-analysis training accomplished during the sessions had promoted a better control of environmental factors. The patient came to comply appropriately with medication use after establishing functional relations between symptoms and environmental stressors. There was a reduction of symptoms and improvement in controlling the disease. This conclusion suggests a better understanding about the relevance of psychotherapeutic accompaniment to the adherence of medical treatment. Patient's reported an improvement in her quality of life.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Memórias da cólera no Pará (1855 e 1991): tragédias se repetem?
(2007-12) BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe
During the 1991 cholera epidemic in the state of Pará, there were a substantial number of victims. Although those stricken recovered quickly, they were reluctant to leave the hospital. Taking proportions into account, nineteenth-century living conditions were similar to the living conditions confronted by the sick receiving care at the Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto (HUJBB). In the twentieth century, apparently the illness was still attached to old structures and conjured up worries that are now unnecessary, since today's treatment is fast-working and effective. Stories of days past quickly surfaced, with terrifying images of the 1855 cholera epidemic. In addition to relying on documental sources, the study analyzed the memories of cholera patients, their relatives, and other actors. Findings allow for a comparison between the epidemics of yesterday and of today, in turn permitting the prediction that such tragedies will be repeated because the living conditions of the nineteenth- and twentieth-century poor remain the same.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Um estudo sobre as condições facilitadoras da judicialização da política no Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-12) VERBICARO, Loiane Prado
This research is aimed at analyzing the judiciary power in a context wherein it acts as an agent amplifying its political dimension which brings about, as a consequence, a peculiar and unheard of type of public avenue of democratic participation. such changes in the political and institutional environment made it possible for a more extended insertion of the judiciary power in essentially political matters, which came to gain widespread acceptance as "judicialization" of politics and has been expressed by a magnified importance and actual participation of the judiciary power in social, political and economical life. such phenomenon, typical of consolidated democracies, derived from conditioning variables and peculiarities experienced in political, economical and social order and brought about visible consequences in brazilian democracy. there will be analized the necessary conditions of the "judicialization" of politics process in Brazil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente em discursos autoritários
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-04) LEMOS, Flávia Cristina Silveira
It is with this article question the ownership of the Statute of the Child and Adolescent in power and know practices driven by populist policies and authoritarian soon after the promulgation of this code, at the inauguration of the Ministry of the Child. These speeches, is the then President of Brazil in the period, Fernando Collor de Mello. Through a historical and genealogical methodology of Michel Foucault and theoretical contributions of anthropologist Marilena Chauí, analyzes the speeches that built the children and young people as the goal-Brazilian synthesis of the New Republic. These actors idealized in the Statute of the Child and Adolescent symbol of the entry of Brazil in civilization and modernization, in an illustrated design of Law as a mechanism of progress and development of a nation. These practices they tried to delete, by means of games of be able, the struggles of movements socials in advantage from claim of rights of children and adolescents.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Memórias cartaginesas: modernismo, antiguidade clássica e a historiografia da Independência do Brasil na Amazônia, 1823-1923
(2009-06) FIGUEIREDO, Aldrin Moura de
This article analyzes the historiographic debates held in 1923 during the celebrations of the joining of Pará State to the Independence of Brazil. To do so, it examines the uses by local intellectuals of political myths of Classic Antiquity, as the Punic Wars, and of a series of concepts transmitted internationally in the 1910's and 1920's in political and literary works, as Keynes' "Carthaginian peace" (1919), Elliot's "West Land" (1922) and Flaubert's images of Carthage (1862). More than an erudite exercise, this analytical repertoire expressed the long and difficult process of building a "modern" national identity in Brazilian Amazon.