Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia - PPGFIL/IFCH

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/5862

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia (PPGFIL) do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (IFCH) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). Foi criado em dezembro de 2010 e iniciou suas atividades efetivas em agosto de 2011, como curso de Mestrado em Filosofia, sendo o único na área em toda a Região Norte.

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Uma análise do método de conjecturas e refutações Popperiano e de sua Aplicação ao ensino da Filosofia na educação básica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023) SIQUEIRA, Ailton dos Santos; DIAS, Elizabeth de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9610357600630781; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0951-6313
The objective of this work is to examine whether the method of conjectures and refutations that Popper proposes for science can be applied to the teaching of Philosophy in basic education, more specifically at the elementary and secondary levels. This is a problem related to education and in particular to the way of teaching Philosophy. However, this question is not disconnected from his theory of science. Our intention is to show that such a method, with some adaptations, can be an effective procedure to provoke philosophical reflection, insofar as it enables not only the problematization, but also the critical discussion of the solutions proposed by the philosophers. In our analysis, we seek to show that Popper criticizes and rejects induction as a method of science and proposes as an alternative, that of conjecture and refutation. We elucidate the nature of such a procedure and its stages. Subsequently, we seek to highlight some reflections of the philosopher on pedagogy in order to support our reflections on the theme. We also present some proposals for the application of Popper's ideas to education, such as those of Bedoya and Duque (2019), who believe that the use of the method of conjecture and refutation in education enables the formation of students who are aware that science is not infallible and evidence how such a procedure can improve learning in general. Another proposal, the object of our analysis, was that of Oliveira (2008), who seeks to show how Popperian epistemology can foster a fallibilist approach in the teaching of the sciences. We also examine the suggestions of Segre (2009) to use Popperian critical rationalism in academic didactics as an alternative to the dogmatic and authoritarian teaching practiced in university education. And finally, we show how the method proposed by Popper can be applied to the teaching of Philosophy in basic education.
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Arte e natureza na teoria estética de Theodor W. Adorno
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-08-30) SANTOS, Carlos Henrique Hildebrando dos; BURNETT JUNIOR, Henry Martin
Throughout the trajectory of the philosophical writings of Theodor W. Adorno becomes perceptible the different forms with a materialistic and dialectical reflection on nature. We highlight the conference: The idea of the natural history of 1932 and the book entitled Dialectic of enlightenment, written in the decade of 1940. On the other hand, in what would be his last written work and published posthumously in the early 1970s, aesthetic theory, these issues return as a way of thinking of nature as an aesthetic category indispensable for a theory of works of art, the refuge of mimetic behavior. In this way, our objective is inscribed in the perspective of analyzing the beautiful natural and its relation with the works of art, from its late work. Since he takes up not only discussions of his youthful phase but also the considerations of the beautiful natural present in the German aesthetic tradition from the turn of the eighteenth century to the nineteenth, we are drawn in the analysis of this tradition always taking as a starting point the position of Adorno. With this reading, we are enabled to understand how it resigns the beautiful in nature and thus we can launch ourselves in some literary works that the author has been attentive and in what way they enable us to understand the importance of this aesthetic category. Finally, we understand that he was able to give this conception of beauty a new and more important meaning, above all, to his philosophical project inserted in a critical theory of society.
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Ciência e ética em Karl Popper
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-24) DIAS, Leandro José dos Passos; DIAS, Elizabeth de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9610357600630781; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0951-6313
The more traditional studies about Popper’s philosophy have focused on aspects of his theory of science or his political philosophy or, even, on establishing links between them. More recently, new studies have emerged pinpointing a new hermeneutics that aims to show that ethics is at the root of his philosophy. Our work, assuming that there is an ethics at the base of his thought, intends to analyze it from a more specific perspective: that of science itself. Thereby, we will investigate the following question: can we say that Popper's conception of science involves an ethical dimension? Or rather, is there a relationship between science and ethics in the philosopher’s thought? We will consider that his notion of science presupposes an ethics, which is manifested in his pretensions to demarcate science, in the principles that guide it and in the responsibilities he assigns to scientists. Our analysis of the issue intends to start from Popper’s own rationalism, which he considers as the result of an ethical decision. In this sense, we seek to analyze its character, distinguish it from other forms of rationalism, oppose it to irrationalism and uncover its ethical foundations assisted by the studies of Kiesewetter, Artigas and Oliveira. In addition, to stablish its relations with ethics. Once these characteristic aspects of Popper’s rationalism have been clarified, we will try to show how ethics is present in his conception of science. We’ll show that Popper, when proposing his criterion of scientificity and complementing it with certain methodological rules, makes it clear that the adoption of such rules involves scientists’ decisions based on values and also generates certain ethical commitments. Furthermore, we intend to demonstrate that ethics is present in the ethical principles that guide science, such as fallibility, reasonable discussion, search for truth, honesty and that such principles are closely related to the idea of selfcriticism and tolerance. Finally, we will address the ethical responsibilities of scientists, emphasizing applied sciences. We will show that Popper proposes a new ethics for Science based on the Hippocratic oath.
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Ciência, conhecimento e naturalismo na filosofia de Nietzsche
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-08) JESUS, Francisco de Paula Santana de; BARROS, Roberto de Almeida Pereira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4521253027948817; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6142-450X
This dissertation aims to investigate, discuss and interpret the issue of knowledge in Nietzsche’s philosophy. To do so, we assume that the philosopher thematizes knowledge and science from a naturalist perspective, by highlighting their meta-epistemological elements (such as biological influences, or surreptitious commitments to moral values). In this sense, resorting to the natural sciences serves the philosopher as a subsidy for a non-metaphysical investigation of human modes of cognition. It is important, then, to emphasize the parallels between the Nietzschean interpretation and the studies of authors with whom Nietzsche came into contact, such as Mach, Boscovich and Ribot. This demands the study of sources as a methodological resource to determine the meaning of the notion of knowledge in Nietzsche’s philosophy. Thus, our research seeks to 1) outline a history of the notion of knowledge from The Birth of Tragedy; to, then, 2) to present the naturalists perspectives of the knowledge; and, finally, 3) interpret how the main scientific-philosophical models (the Socratic and the sophistic) were formed based on Nietzschean philosophical psychology. Finally, we offer a discourse on the notion of space implied in the Nietzschean hypothesis of the will to power.
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O conceito de ontologia no livro IV da metafísica de Aristóteles
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-04) SOARES, Élida Teixeira; CORÔA, Pedro Paulo da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3785172545288511
Ontology is a domain that spans the entire history of known philosophy, from the Greeks to important contemporary thinkers such as Martin Heidegger and his ontology of Dasein. But, just as each philosophical system seems to be different from each other, when we try to conceptualize ontology, a certain confusion arises, after all, as we see in Heidegger, he understands that in the history of philosophy, the forgetting of being, that is, of itself, occurred. object of ontology, in the form in which it was conceived. And one of the targets of Heidegger's criticism of the forgetfulness of being is Aristotle, just as Kant also seeks to make corrections to the categorical system with which things are determined. For this reason, we are proposing to study the concept of ontology in Aristotle, focusing our analysis on what he says about this episteme in Book IV of his work Metaphysics. Our objective, with this proposal, is to know whether it is possible to find in Aristotle a precise definition of ontology that guides us in the study of this part of philosophy.
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A crítica de David Hume ao ceticismo pirrônico na obra "Investigação sobre o entendimento humano" e a crítica contemporânea ao pirronismo de "Sexto empírico"
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-08-11) ARAÚJO, Paulo Roberto Freitas; MEIRELLES, Agostinho de Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7826494085324141
Our goal with this work is to develop a exposition of the David Hume’s criticism against the Pyrrhonean Skeptics in the work An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, showing that it stands in the light of the contemporary understanding of skepticism outlined by Sextus Empiricus in Book I of Outlines of Pyrrhonism. We will see by what argument Sextus argues, in the side of the pyrrhonist, a life without beliefs. Then, we compare the work of Sextus with, mainly, the debate’s conclusions between Michael Frede e Myles Burnyeat (urbane and rustic interpretations) concern the possibility of the pyrrhonist engage coherently in his Pyrrhonism, t. is, the Pyrrhonean modus vivendi without beliefs, endorsing the Burnyeat’s position about it infeasibility. We will present, furthermore, a virtual bibliography by which Hume could have educated himself concerning Sextus and his Pyrrhonism, objections presented by Julia Annas against the comprehension of Hume about ancient skepticism and, finally, we will ponder the position of some commentators who see in the mitigated skepticism of Hume, first of all, a sort of Pyrrhonism. Armed with this analyzes, to the extent that the core of Hume’s criticism is the total suspension of beliefs by the pyrrhonists, as well as the inescapable human nature grounded in the instinctive mechanism of habit or custom as the generator of beliefs concerning the empirical objects of our reasoning, then, one cannot deny the validity of Hume’s critique.
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Da epistemologia moderna à epistemologia complexa de Edgar Morin: repercussões sobre o humanismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-03) MONTEIRO NETO, Benedito da Conceição; NUNES, Antônio Sérgio da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2937593233363602; SOUZA, Luís Eduardo Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7892900979434696
Our objective, in the present work, is dedicated to demonstrating the main epistemological elements of the complexity elaborated by Edgar Morin in general contrast with the principles of the modern method of Descartes. We start from the following guiding questions: how does the passage from modern ordered knowledge to complex organized knowledge occur and how does this knowledge culminate in a conception of humanism? The hypothesis we defend is that Morin's principles of complexity are exposed as a critical dialogue about the limitations of the modern method, pointing out how the last one has an ambivalent impact on science and society under the name of degenerate humanism and a regenerated humanism. Methodologically, we discuss, firstly, the conception of science and method in modernity, starting with the arguments that precede and formulate the organization of a quantitative method of knowledge, having as a central axis the contributions of Descartes in his main works (1952). The second part of the text turns to the conception of science and method according to the contributions of the epistemology of complexity, proposed by Edgar Morin (1996, 2011, 2015, 2016), where we present the main intelligibilities of his theory: the dialogic principle, the recursive principle, the hologrammatic principle. In the third and last part of the text, we compare complex thinking and modernity based on the concept of humanism. Initially, we expose the reading of modernity by complexity, highlighting the category of rationalization. Then, we explain how the modern method has repercussions in contemporary times with the advent of the action ecology. Finally, we present a reconstruction of an alternative method and knowledge, capable of dealing with uncertainties, culminating in the proposal of a regeneration of humanism.
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A dimensão fenomenológica da linguagem como possibilitadora do ser-aí historial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-08-11) SOUSA, Fabrício Coelho de; SOUZA JÚNIOR, Nelson José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7150345624593204
The question of language in the years 1932 to 1934 emerges as an urgent matter of foundation and, let alone, redirection of Heidegger's thought. The philosopher feels the need to base his phenomenology with a new methodological bias that allows a visualization of the context and assurance of the bases in which the being-there is, in a context of being already with one another. This context of already beingone-with-another will at no time is of secondary importance in relation to language, but it will have to be deployed in its details for the assumption of language itself as the driving force of Heidegger's thought in those years. For this, Heidegger, In the summer lecture of 1934 entitled "Logic as the Questioning of the Essence of Language”, begins by making an analysis of what is the essence of language and comes to the conclusion that we will not reach this essence if we understand language only as an exposition of the modus operandi of thought : Logic. The essence of language springs from the essence of the being of the human being as a historical being. Language arises as a measure of the innermost limits of the constitution of being-there while being-one-with-another, or to be even more in keeping with Heidegger's pretensions, the innermost limits of being-there history constituted as Volk. In this context, language is more than a mere instrument at the disposal of man. On the contrary, language is that which first disposes the being of man in the world, opening the possibility of being in the midst of beings, giving him an understanding of the relationships in which he is inserted. We must understand language not as a logical-grammatical device of articulation of words, but rather in the phenomenological sense as a primary organizer that makes sense of the relationships between beings and beings-there.
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A formação do raciocínio prático a partir da apreensão dos fins e da deliberação dos meios na ética nicomaqueia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-05) POMPEU, Ian Silveira; PITTELOUD, Luca Jean; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0887702139830510; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1864-5742
This dissertation investigates the formation of practical reasoning in Aristotelian psychology, using the Nicomachean Ethics as its main basis. References to other works are also considered, as they serve as a necessary condition for developing an answer to that central problem. Chapter I presents the conditions necessary for a science about the human soul. This requires understanding the Aristotelian definition of science (1.1), the foundation on which all theoretical sciences are based (1.2), and the specific foundations of psychology (1.3). This exposition employs the explanation of the Principle of Contradiction found in Book IV of the Metaphysics, explores the polysemic notion of ousia, and examines how its principles, form and matter, relate to the study of the human soul. Chapter II delves into the study of the human soul as form, using the methodology presented in De Anima, investigating soul operations, and exploring the connection with virtues as set out in the Nicomachean Ethics. In Chapter III, it is discussed the practical syllogism as a combination of knowledge about ends and deliberation about means, through (3.1) the situation of the problem in the academic sphere with the contribution of Elizabeth Anscombe; (3.2) the critical evaluation of Jessica Moss's response to the problem of the mode of apprehension and the nature of the first practical principles and the defense of the noetic-experiential apprehension according to its scope; and (3.3) the comparison of readings regarding the object of phronesis and the presentation of the specification of the general ends as a proposed interpretation.
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A leitura epistemologica popperiana da filosofia teórica kantiana
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-08-21) GOMES, Paulo Uiris da Silva; DIAS, Elizabeth de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9610357600630781; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0951-6313
This research aims to analyze Karl Popper’s interpretation of Kant’s theoretical philosophy and to discuss its character, problems and merits. Popper’s view on Kant reflects the latter’s relevance and influence over the former’s thoughts. Popper acknowledges, in many of his works, Kant’s contribution to his own theory of Science. However, at the same time that he praises kantian philosophy, he also criticizes it in many ways, considering himself as an unorthodox kantian. Therefore, the central problem of the presente research is: how does Popper understands Kant’s theoretical philosophy? And, furthermore, what are the virtues, difficulties and problems of Popper’s interpretation? Our hypothesis is that Popper reads Kant’s philosophy in an epistemological and unorthodox manner, ascribing to Kant problems of his own philosophy and viewing Kant’s work through the lens of his own glasses, thus, “Popper’s Kant” has different ideas and problems than the Kant who wrote the Critique of Pure Reason. Initially, we intend to characterize Popper’s interpretation of Kant as epistemological and, hence, close to the Neo-Kantian school of Marburg. Then, we aim to analytically reconstruct Popper’s interpretation of the allegedly “Kant’s problems”: the problem of induction and the problem of demarcation. Lastly, we mean to critically appraise Popper’s view on Kant, by discussing its limitations and possibilities.
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A natureza e o caráter das leis naturais em Popper
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-15) ARAUJO, Caroline Soares de; DIAS, Elizabeth de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9610357600630781
Popper presents, through a series of works and articles, different characterizations of natural laws. Initially, he defines such laws as strictly universal statements that, due to their logical properties, are falsifiable. In a second moment, as a reply to William Kneale’s criticism, Popper starts to emphasize the necessary character of natural laws. The aim of this research is to determine if these two characterizations presented by Popper concerning natural laws are either divergent either complementary and if there is any contradiction between these two conceptions and the theory of science supported by the philosopher. Therefore, the problem of this research is structured around popperian’s characterization of natural laws and the concept of physical necessity, apparently contradicting the falsifiable nature that the philosopher assigns to these laws in previous works. We defend the hypothesis that the idea of laws as statements that express necessity just apparently contradicts Popper’s falsificationism and conjecturalism. Actually, it completes the first characterization of laws as strictly universal statements, being, the way it was formulated, consistent with popperian theory of science.
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Nietzsche e pessoa: um diálogo trágico entre filosofia e literatura
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-11-24) BATISTA, Francisco Lobo; BARROS, Roberto de Almeida Pereira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4521253027948817
This study seeks to approximate two of the biggest critics of modernity, Nietzsche and Fernando Pessoa, from themes that are common to them and, in general terms, proposed a dialogue between philosophy and art, more precisely, between philosophy and literature. From the literature reviewed, we can say that Pessoa was an involuntary nietzschean who search for in the subjectivity criticism, in metaphorical language understanding and in the image of the child, the overcoming of metaphysics. In this way, Nietzsche, a deleuzian perspective, worked with several conceptual characters and, though not as radical as Pessoa form, thought from various heteronyms.
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A objetividade do conhecimento e a deposição do sujeito na epistemologia de Popper
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-09-04) RABELO, Wallace Andrew Lopes; DIAS, Elizabeth de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9610357600630781
The aim of this work is to investigate how objective knowledge is possible for Popper and to elucidate why the subject does not play a relevant role in the process of knowing. Popperian conception moves away from the epistemological tradition that values the subject in the process of knowing, understood by the philosopher as subjectivist view, compared with his objectivist view. In this sense, we intend to demonstrate that his conception of objective knowledge is based on a theory of three worlds, which is fundamental for the comprehension of it, since it’s precisely in world three that the products of subject reside, thus where objective knowledge is. We will show that this third world is linguistic, highlighting the importance of language for knowledge to become objective. Another aspect we intend to analyze is scientific objectivity, since Popper, besides objective knowledge in general, talks on his works about a more specific dimension related to science. We intend to clarify the logical-empirical and social conditions that allowed the debate and criticism of produced theories and, consequently, scientific objectivity. Lastly, we will present criticism of Thomas Kuhn to Popperian conception of objectivity. Since the philosopher does not make a direct critique to the way Popper conceives it, we will highlight his objections to Popper’s falsificationism and his considerations about subjective factors that influence the process of choosing theories, thus, risking the possibility of scientific objectivity.
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A origem do mal como ruptura da lei natural nas leis de Platão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-27) SOUZA, Victor Lucas da Silva da Conceição de; PITTELOUD, Luca Jean; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0887702139830510; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1864-5742
The main scope of this research is to verify the Platonic argument about the existence of a divine soul presented in the Laws, Book X, which governs the entire universe, as well as its relation to the human intellect. The work seeks to argue about the existence of a natural law prior to positive human laws and what are the consequences of the non respect of natural law by humans in their legitimate activity. It is based on the hypothesis that the origin of evil occurs in the rupture of the relationship between human laws and natural law. To reach this purpose, the present work will show as Plato, in the Laws, defends the existence of a divine logos (887c-899d) presenting the arguments of the soul as the first cause (896a6-8), of movement and self-movement (895b1), as well as the logical precedence of the soul over the body (893b), and the Plato‟s hypothesis about the evil soul and it‟s cosmic effects.
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Pasión y Razón: Solución al problema de la desobediencia en el Leviatán
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-01) LEÓN SÁENZ, Brayan Leonardo; MEIRELLES, Agostinho de Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7826494085324141
In front of a new formulation of a problem of disobedience in the philosophy of Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes, a study of the first part of this work seeks the elements that may face the problem of the possibility of rational disobedience and everything that implies for the political theory within this text. Making an analysis of natural law, the theory of authorization, but mainly the description of a theory of rational action, this work shows the impossibility of rational disobedience; in addition, those passages suggesting this possibility do not end with absolutism that characterizes the philosophy of Hobbes. The theory of rational action becomes a guidance for an interpretation that seeks to establish this political theory as consequence of the description of human nature.
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Protágoras e a Paidéia como possibilidade de conhecimento para além da Techné
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-12-12) SILVA, Renan Ferreira da; PITTELOUD, Luca Jean; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0887702139830510; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1864-5742
It is intended, in general, with the present research to address the ancient Greek Idea from the sophist Protagoras. According to the Athenian context, which is undergoing a vast cultural transformation in the 5th century BC, it is intended to make understood the profound importance of the Society as an educator, in the sense of someone who absorbs the need of the Greek Power to change and restructure, after its traditional standard of education, that is to say, the old idea, no longer find itself as unique in ancient Athens. In a first moment, therefore, we seek to understand that there exists under this point of view an ancient and a contemporary Idea in the classical period. In a specific way, we will try to understand that Protagoras is situated from then on with its new proposals to educate a city full of emergencies, and the present work believes that there is a possibility of a proposal of the sophist in its teaching program, that is, his Idea, which goes beyond the limits of the old or old standard of education, finally arriving at the conclusion that Protagoras was an educator who made possible the knowledge beyond the old techné.
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A questão da finitude nos escritos de Heidegger de 127-1930: transcendência, mundo e liberdade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-03-12) BRAGA, Arnin Rommel Pinheiro; SOUZA JÚNIOR, Nelson José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7150345624593204
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A religião nos limites da crítica kantiana da razão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-18) SANTOS, Fladerny Marques dos; MEIRELLES, Agostinho de Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7826494085324141
The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the theme of radical evil (radikales Böse). This theme, as we will see, has implications for Kant's practical philosophy, especially after the philosopher completed the formulation of the Critical Project, which involves the three Critiques. Such implications precede the examination of the theme conducted in the work The religion within the limits of simple reason (1793). In this sense, the aforementioned link is directly exposed in this work, but it is not exhausted therein. Therefore, in our examination, initially, we are interested in discussing the main elements of Kant's argumentation, which are like necessary conditions and broaden the horizon in which the religious theme combined with the conception of evil receives the deserved prominence in the panorama of transcendental philosophy. The notion of radical evil cannot be summarized as a religious or anthropological thesis, so our research will argue that Kant's work on Religion is in line with his earlier works on morality.
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As representações inconscientes e o Eu Penso em Kant
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-01-10) BRITO, Aline Brasiliense dos Santos; SOUZA, Luís Eduardo Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7892900979434696
This research aims to analyze the concept of unconscious representations in Kant and its relation with the concept of transcendental apperception, or the I think. The existence of a gender itself for representations, the unconscious ones, are pointed in several of Kant’s works. Among them can be mentioned in Anthropology in a pragmatic point of view and Criticism on pure reason. They are representations that can be bolded in Kant’s philosophy in two main aspects. The fist one the amplitude, for it holds the theoretical field, that is practical and aesthetic. The second one the positivity, in the sense of performing a positive role both in knowledge production, and in the other mental processes – aesthetic and moral. However, when considering the unconscious concept as opposite of the transcendental apperception principle, a problematical appears: how to understand the existence of those mentioned representations in Kant’s philosophy, if the I think implies in a necessary reference of all representation to the conscience? Kant is very emphatic affirming that, if the representations don’t refer to this principle, they are but nothing to the subject (Criticism of pure reason, B131). As an effect, proposing to give a solution to the problematical, three relevant hypotheses will be raised about this matter. The first one is Locke’s thesis, in which the unconscious representations are not admitted, for the fact that they indicate a contradiction in its own conscience. After all, when the matter is an “I” that not always has conscience of its actions, it is possible to say that there is a certain indetermination concerning the identity of this “I”. The second one is Heidemann’s thesis (2012), according to it, the unconscious representation is divided in two species, in which just one of them, the unconscious by degrees representations, refer to the transcendental apperception. At last, the third thesis is La Rocca’s (2007), in which we agree in almost its whole. Through it, it is possible to understand the transcendental apperception principle, always with a structural possibility, and not as an affectivity in psychological terms – to be conscious or unconscious -, but as a logic structure that concerns to the form by which the representation needs to refer itself.
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Senso comum e Ciência em popper
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-11-25) SILVA, Adam Augusto Silva e; DIAS, Elizabeth de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9610357600630781; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0951-6313
This The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between common sense and science in Popper's thought. The problem of our research is presented when Popper denies the ideal of episteme when defining science by its negative character, falseability. That is, his idea that science is fallible knowledge and liable to error clashes with those defended by the epistemological tradition that conceives it as a well-foundedcertain and demonstrated knowledge. Thus, by denying positive characteristics, traditionally recognized as typical of science, Popper's position raises the following question: What status does he reserves to science, since he does not identify it with episteme? In other words, by denying the ideal of episteme, would Popper be reducing science to doxa or common sense? This research will be guided by the hypothesis that Popper is far from reducing science to doxa or common sense, because, although he sees certain proximities between them, he also recognizes that science goes beyond common sense. Thus, in order to highlight Popper's position in the face of the problem outlined, we intend, first, to analyze how the relations between common sense and science have been treated by philosophers since antiquity, such as Plato and Aristotle and, also, more contemporaneously, by Bachelard. Later, we intend to show that, contrary to these philosophers who see doxa and episteme, or common sense and science as distinct forms of knowledge, Popper establishes very close relations between both, but does not reduce science to the level of common sense, to the extent that he conceives it as enlightened common sense.