Dissertações em Ciências Ambientais (Mestrado) - PPGCA/IG

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2855

O Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências Ambientais teve início em 2005 e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais (PPGCA) do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) em parceria com o Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) e a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA/Amazônia Oriental).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acidentes com transportes hidroviários e os extremos meteorológicos no nordeste da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-30) SANTOS, Suanne Honorina Martins dos; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401
This study analyzed the accidents with waterway transport passengers and cargo in the period 2008 to 2013, as a result of extreme weather occurring in the northeast Amazon, often with serious consequences the structure of vessels and especially the loss of human life. Based on data from the Flagship of the Eastern Amazon Ports, referring to the investigation of accidents facts of navigation, can be characterized in that period these accidents occur more and the distribution of these accidents in time and space, through sub-areas called 1, 2 and 3, where they are ranked the most common accidents in Subarea 1 type shipwreck where the basin of Marajó is located with features of larger rivers, in Subarea 2 and 3 of collision type where the morphological characteristics of rivers are narrower as well, in addition to these results was obtained in relation to rainfall in the rainy season (December to May) as the most responsible for accidents occurring during this period that suffers strong influence of precipitation systems as the Intertropical Convergence Zone, Mesoscale Convective Systems, instability lines and vortex of Advanced Levels and the less rainy season (June to December) the wind is regarded as the main variable that causes accidents in the waterway mode, especially during the intensification of the northeast trade winds, which are a free atmosphere of instability, accidents tend to occur more frequently in the time from 12 to 24 hours. Thus, with the precipitation climatology with the National Institute of Meteorology data, one can show through the climatology of the precipitation field of study, decreased quantity of deeper into sub-areas of the continent. The wind in the less rainy period acts with greater intensity in Subarea 1, the highest number of victims focuses on children and adults, mostly with men. It also presented an approach based on the socioeconomic aspects inherent risks of naval vessels with steel hulls and wood, the latter being the reality of the Amazon, which ultimately victims the more people and have more easily collapse structure, thus being potential threat to safety of navigation of cargo and passengers taking into account socioeconomic characteristics, although the vessels with the highest number of accidents has been pushers ferries built in naval steel. In this sense, the primary aid weather forecasting may decrease the favorable conditions for the occurrence of accidents with waterways vessels, because the lack of atmospheric conditions by those who pilot vessels is notoriously poor, because this lack of knowledge the chances of accidents are high, influencing the socioeconomic aspects of passengers and owners of vessels navigating the rivers belonging to the Marajó Bay, Tocantins, Pará and Amazonas river, which were the waterways studied in this dissertation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da variabilidade espaço-temporal da precipitação e focos de calor em vegetação na ilha Hispaniola.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-08-07) PRÉVOIR, Ermano; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-0984
Insular or island countries located in Central America and the Caribbean are vulnerable to variability and climate change. This work presents a contribution to climatological studies, particularly of the Hispaniola Antilles of the Caribbean Sea, formed by the countries of the Republic of Haiti and the Dominican Republic, covering an area of 78 thousand km². Based on the analysis of precipitation from the CHIRPS base with high spatial resolution, a bimodal climate pattern was found in Haiti and the Dominican Republic with the first rainfall peak occurring in May and the second in September/October. The dry regime occurs from January to March. The spatial patterns of the climatological maps and the correlation analysis indicated that the seasonal precipitation regimes of the Antilles are directly influenced by the configuration of the SST and the trade winds in the Caribbean Sea over the Atlantic Ocean, with the main maximum of the second semester being explained by the presence warmer TSM (above 29C) and by the cloudiness band associated with ITCZ during its most boreal position. The quantitative assessment of the correlations (simultaneous and lagged) between rainfall data and vegetation indexes and vegetation fires, as well as the integrated analysis of the mapping of these variables over the Hispaniola territory, allowed to establish consistent relationships in the dynamics of climate, vegetation and fires. Dominican Republic has much higher numbers of fires when compared to those in Haiti, with the highest frequency of events taking place from January to April, when the dry regime over the Antilles prevails. Conversely, during peak rainfall in the second half of the year, fires are minimal and are concentrated in the months from August to December. As for the vegetation indices, there is a certain direct relationship with the climatic regime, so that the higher NDVI are observed into regions containing maximum precipitation and vice versa.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do impacto das mudanças climáticas nas unidades de conservação dos manguezais amazônicos na Costa Atlântica Brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-28) SOUSA, Marina Costa de; ANJOS, Luciano Jorge Serejo dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0244738999001686; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3270-6679; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2809-5318
The Amazonian mangroves are subject to various climate impacts, demanding conservation and adaptation actions. The objectives of this study are to assess the vulnerability of the Amazonian mangrove Protected Areas (PAs) to climate change, provide climate prediction data for the region, and analyze if the PAs are effectively fulfilling their role in protecting these ecosystems. To achieve these objectives, data from MapBiomas were used to delimit the mangrove area, data from the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) were used to identify the PAs within the mangroves, data from WorldClim were used to obtain information on mean annual temperature (BIO1) and accumulated precipitation (BIO12), and Above Ground Biomass (AGB) data were used. The processing was carried out using ArcGIS, QGIS, and RStudio software. The results revealed a trend of increasing temperature over time, while accumulated precipitation showed a decreasing trend across different scenarios and periods. These patterns indicate that protected mangroves may face a continuous increase in temperature and a reduction in precipitation by the end of the century. The higher temperature contributes to increased energy availability, playing a fundamental role in regulating evapotranspiration in mangrove forests. On the other hand, reduced precipitation has a negative impact on salinity, productivity, growth, and species diversity in mangroves. The study also assessed the PAs that protect mangrove forests in the Amazon region, along with Above Ground Biomass (AGB) representing the amount of carbon stored in trees. The results showed that 80.2% of the mangroves are included within PAs, with higher protection in the state of Maranhão, followed by Amapá and Pará. However, there was variation in AGB among the evaluated states, with an increase in Amapá and Pará and a decrease in Maranhão. It is crucial to implement more effective management and conservation measures to address the challenges posed by climate change in these coastal ecosystems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise espacial das mudanças na cobertura e uso da terra em Santarém e Belterra, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) CASTRO, Williams Martins; VENTURIERI, Adriano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8968863324073508; BATISTELLA, Mateus; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337579164863601
Through a case study, this work tests how the delimitation of the study area may influence the results of multiscale analyses in spatial processes of land-use and landcover change in the Amazon. Within the municipal limits of Santarém and Belterra in western Pará State, three levels of analysis were defined. The first level encompasses a rectangular region that was arbitrarily defined as the Santarém subregion. The second level, which encompasses part of the first level, corresponds to an established agricultural settlement, defined by the set of limits of property lots designed by INCRA in the 1970’s. The third level corresponds to the zones of influence of four different roads located within the established agricultural settlement, subdivided into sub areas North and South, comprising a total of eight sub areas within the second level of delimitation. For each level of analysis, landscape metrics were calculated based on land-use and land-cover thematic maps for 1986, 1997, and 2005, also analyzed with basis on field surveys. The results show that the peculiarities of the occupation dynamics in each level allow for a better identification of patterns and processes revealed by the landscape structure. In particular, it is clear there is a continuation of processes of landscape fragmentation and expansion of intensive agriculture at different rates in distinct portions of the study area. The results obtained for the three levels of analysis are complementary, allowing for a better understanding of land-use and land-cover changes as well as their driving forces.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise temporal do índice de vegetação e caracterização da cobertura vegetal no Estuário amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-09) RIBEIRO JUNIOR, Julia Pereira; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8335-9593
This study was carried out from 1990 to 2020 in the insular region of Baia do Guajará, state of Pará and aimed to analyze the dynamics of land use and cover on the islands of the insular region of Baia do Guajará through the NDVI vegetation index. with the intention of provoking the discussion and insertion of new urban, economic, social and tourist development strategies in the region in the APA of Ilha do Combú, located in the municipality of Belém, Pará. To achieve this objective, the script to generate vegetation index (NDVI) was prepared in the code editor of Google Earth Engine, comparing it with the monthly and annual averages of rainfall. It was found that seasonality consistently influences the behavior of vegetation and, consequently, the NDVI, since anthropic changes were minimal on most islands.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atributos químicos do solo e composição química de folhas de mangue vermelho (Rhizophora mangle L.) em um manguezal e área transicional em São João de Pirabas, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) NASCIMENTO, Bruno Delano Chaves do; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031
Mangroves are characteristic coastal ecosystems of tropical and subtropical regions of great social and ecological importance. At Amazon these ecosystems represent more than half of mangrove areas of Brazil (about 70%) and are renowned for their great exuberance and magnitude related to regular distribution of rainfall, high temperatures, the large tidal range (> 4m) and the supply of sediments from the rivers of this region. Changes in water characteristics and physic-chemical soil properties can cause changes in nutrient dynamics in these ecosystems. In transitional environments these characteristics are altered and may have effects on the concentration of nutrients in the ecosystem compartments. In order to differentiate these transitional environments and the actual mangrove environments for the concentration of nutrients, this study aims to determine the nutrient content in the soil, in Rhizophora mangle L. leaves and leaf litter in these two types of environments in two seasonal periods, in a mangrove of the Amazon coast. Samples were collected in the drier month (September 2011) and in the rainy month (April 2012) in the two areas and subjected to chemical analysis for the concentration of macro (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Al, S, P, N, C) and micro nutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe). We also analyzed the physico-chemical properties of the soil (Eh, pH and salinity) and the granulometry of the ground. The results show higher nutrient concentrations in the fringe mangrove soil when compared to the transition zone (mangrove x secondary forest), indicating that the Eh, which is lower in the first influenced by the proximity to the sea and the highest frequency of flooding by tides, is the main differentiating factor in the concentration of soil nutrients. The nutrients in the Rhizophora mangle L. leaves not differ significantly from one environment to another and do not follow the same pattern of soil concentration on the two areas studied, however, the leaves nutrients are more influenced by the difference of a climatic period for other. Thus, the red mangrove trees of the transition zone can maintain a concentration of nutrients similar to the fringe of the forest, and the structural difference of the woods is more related to soil particle size than the nutritional relationship, since these trees have physiological mechanisms for the maintenance and selection of nutrients, such as N which could be a limiting nutrient in these environments.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atributos químicos do solo e interação com folhas de serapilheira em manguezais da ilha de Itarana e comunidade Caranã, São João de Pirabas, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-04-26) SOUZA, Marina Lopes de; MOTA, Maria Aurora Santos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5817549281617240; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031
Mangroves are coastal ecosystems situated in the land-sea interface, under constant influence of the dynamics of the tides. It is known that this ecosystem is considered one of the most productive in the world, due to the large amount of organic matter that is produced and fed into other environments. This productivity, in turn, has its origin both in litterfall produced within the system itself, the inputs of nutrients arising tidal and storm water. The nutrient dynamics in mangroves is linked to factors such as the frequency of flooding by tides, the seasonal period, the topography and biogeochemical processes. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the soil chemical properties and verify the interaction between soil and leaf litterfall in mangroves in northeast Pará, in the rainy and less rainy season. For this, samples of soil and leaf litterfall were collected in different seasonal periods, for analyses of pH, Eh, interstitial salinity, C, N, S, P, Fe, Na +, K +, Ca + 2, Mg + 2 and Al + 3. The results of soil chemical properties show that seasonality exerted greater influence on the results of Na +, K + and interstitial salinity. The intertidal mangrove presented nutrient content of higher soil when compared to the supramaré mangrove. In general, there was a relation to the concentration of the soil nutrients with the concentration of nutrients in leaf litterfall, more evident in the high carbon concentration, as well as the lifting conditions content of some nutrients in leaf litterfall of supramaré mangrove during the rainy season.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da ação da precipitação nas erosões na área urbana do município de Rondon do Pará-PA, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-24) ROSA, Amanda Gama; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884
The events of natural disasters have received much attention in recent years due to their magnitude and intensity, as well as the effect they have had on the population. The urban population is one of the most affected, especially the one that occupies inappropriate areas within the cities, like slopes, floodplain areas, areas without adequate drainage, among others. One of the most recurrent events in urban areas and that are in evidence in the State of Pará are the erosive processes. And it is in the Pará context, more specifically in the urban territory of the city of Rondon do Pará (mesoregion southeast Paraense), that this work was developed, in order to generate information about these events for the public power and for the resident population, that has been suffering with the consequence of these disasters. For this, initially, the behavior of the rain and its effects on the erosions in the region was evaluated, through the analysis of the Provisional Normal generated for the place, based on data from the CMORPH satellites, the Hydrological Balance and the analysis of a study of case of events registered in the city. Subsequently, through the calculation and analysis of rain erosivity (R) from 1999 to 2015 and with projections for 2035, its return period and probability of occurrence, it was searched to identify which period of the year and in which years the loss due to erosion is most likely. Based on the analysis of the distribution and behavior of rainfall in the region, it was observed, through provisional normal, that the hydrological year starts in October with the rainy season and ends in September with the aim of drought, being the month of March the wettest and August the less rainy. The hydrological balance showed surplus water in the months from January to April and water deficiency from June to November, with replacement from December with the return of the rains. The cases of erosion presented annual distribution similar to the distribution of precipitation, indicating its great influence on them. Individual analysis of cases showed that erosion may be due as much precipitation occurred on the day of the event as accumulated in the five days prior to the event, the latter being the most common case. Regarding the analysis of erosivity, it was observed that, based on the analyzes from 1999 to 2015, the value of the R factor was 16,390 MJ mm ha-1h-1year-1, with a probability of 47% being equaled or exceeded at least one once every 2.1 years. In the period from 2016 to 2035, the R value was 13,038 MJ mm ha-1h-1year-1. Between February to April and January to April, the largest soil losses are likely for 1999-2015 and 2016-2035, respectively. From the analyzes carried out in this work, it was possible to indicate which periods of the year in which more quantity and intensity of erosive events are expected.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da influência da precipitação pluviométrica no mapeamento das características da paisagem do sítio arqueológico AP-MA-05/Amapá e sua importância social e histórica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-22) ALBUQUERQUE, Jéssica Lisboa de; QUEIROZ, Joaquim Carlos Barbosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4383935463464893
This study evaluated the influence of rainfall in mapping landscape features of the archaeological site AP-MA-05 and the contribution of its social importance and historical. To obtain the data was used geophysical method of electrical resistivity in an area of UNIFAP (Federal University of Amapá) of 10 x 20 meters. The rainfall data were collected in INMET station Macapá. Data analysis was performed with use of statistical and geostatistical methods. In rainy season, the soil resistivity presented a minimum of 198.7 ohm.m and maximum values of up to 3946 ohm.m, averaging 1188.87 ohm.m. In the less rainy season observed values were 394 ohm.m (minimum) and 5863 ohm.m (maximum), averaging 2078.31 ohm.m. This shows the influence of rainfall on the apparent resistivity, since the more intense were the rains that occurred at the time of obtaining data, minors were the values of electrical resistivity. A survey on the social perception of the UNIFAP students and interviews with teachers responsible for the site in question, it was found that the level of awareness of students varies according to the course of affinity degree in archeology.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da qualidade ambiental da baía do Guajará em Belém - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-29) SANTOS, Letícia Furtado dos; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884
Water is a fundamental natural resource for the maintenance of life, so it is of the utmost importance to preserve its quality. However, with the increase of anthropic activities, it has been under severe pressure, something that can affect its quality. Thus, it is necessary to monitor the water bodies, evaluating the physical, chemical and biological factors, in order to know if such activities are causing risks to the quality of this natural resource. The objective of this work was to evaluate the environmental quality of Guajará Bay, through the analysis of water quality, sediment and benthic macroinvertebrates. The collections occur in the year 2015 and 2016, in distinct seasonal periods, rainy and less rainy, characteristic of the Amazon region. The study was performed in 4 points (PT01, PT02, PT03 and PT04). In the water analysis, the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters were evaluated; in the study of the sediment (total and leachate) was quantified the Cr, Cd, Cu and Fe metals, calculating the FC (Contamination Factor), IGeo (Geoacumulation Index) and FE (Enrichment Factor); and in the analysis of the benthic macroinvertebrates the ecological descriptors and the FAB (Bioaccumulation Factor) were evaluated. In the precipitation analysis, the precipitated volume was above the average of the normal climatological in the rainy period, and in the less rainy period it was below the average. In the chemical and microbiological analyzes of the water, the OD (dissolved oxygen) parameter was below that allowed by CONAMA Resolution nº357/05, BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and thermotolerant coliforms above the reference limit, in addition to high concentrations of COD (chemical oxygen demand) and high CE (electrical conductivity). In the evaluation of the sediment the total sediment Cd presented values above that allowed by PEL and CONAMA nº 454/12, already in the leached phase, all the metals were within the allowed by the legislation. In general, the points presented low to moderate contamination, characterized as an unpolluted environment to a moderately polluted and enriched deficiency. In the analysis of the benthic macroinvertebrates, the most representative phylum found was the Annelida, with most of the species referring to the class Polychaeta and the subclass Oligochaeta (class Clitellata). The Oligochaetas belonging to the Tubificidae family was the most prominent. Such family is characterized as tolerant and opportunistic to situations of hypoxia, being able to inhabit in environments with eutrofizada water. The results of the ecological descriptors showed that the greatest richness, abundance, diversity and better equitability were found in the less rainy period, due to the higher concentration of nutrients and organic matter caused in this period, benthic individuals presented bioaccumulation at all points for metals Cd, Cr, Cu. The results of the matrices analyzed in the study indicated that the accumulation of pollutants in Guajará bay is due to anthropic activities, mainly by the disposal of domestic sewage without pre-treatment that is launched in this region and port activity. Thus, the importance of continuous monitoring is emphasized, given that such contamination, besides causing damages to the aquatic ecosystem, causes harm to the population, since it uses this water body for practices and recreation and fishing.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da sustentabilidade hídrica segundo os modelos de uso e ocupação do território na bacia do Rio Guamá–Pará, Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-28) ROCHA, Nívia Cristina Vieira; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The Guamá river basin covers nineteen municipalities in Northeast of Pará, region whit the highest demographic density in the state. The objective of this research is to apply the water sustainability index for Guamá river basin, from hydrological aspects (using the Curve Number methodology), environmental (analysis of the percentage of area composed of vegetation), social (indexes that contribute to analyze the quality of life) and management (the analysis of the institutional potential). For a better analysis, the Guamá river basin was divided into eight sub-basins. The results for the hydrological indicator showed a medium feature in relation to sub-basins; the environmental indicator showed the difference of the sub-basins in relation to the vegetation cover; the social indicator presented worse performance in relation to the other indicators; and the management indicator presented characteristics that point to the need to a Institutional strengthening. The Guamá river basin presents the intermediate sustainability index. Considering the context in which this river basin is located, measures are needed for strategic planning related to the management, and the managers and other sectors of society should work more efficiently to minimize pressures on the remaining vegetation, to strengthen institutional capacity and improve the quality of resources and life of the population, with the intention of potentiate the sustainability of the entire basin.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da vulnerabilidade ambiental de unidades de conservação da Amazônia Legal brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-30) SILVA, Ermeson Freitas da; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6222-5534
The present work assessed the vulnerability of conservation units in the Brazilian Legal Amazon from 2012 to 2021. Through the analysis of exposure and sensitivity indicators, the main threats faced by these protected areas were identified, including forest cover, economic activity, access, natural, human and economic resources, and these were consolidated into a final vulnerability index. The average values of the exposure and sensitivity component for the fire and pasture indicators were the highest, which highlights the significant effects of these threats on protected areas. The results obtained provided important insights into the challenges faced by protected areas and highlighted the need to understand and monitor their vulnerability in order to develop effective conservation and management strategies. This information is essential to support decision-making and the implementation of policies and measures aimed at protecting and sustaining these areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação dos usos múltiplos das águas e viabilidade de aproveitamento da água da chuva na Reserva Extrativista de São João da Ponta, Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Mocajuba-Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-17) SALAS CUESTA, Jhanier; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The supply of water with quality, quantity, continuity and reasonable cost are necessary to ensure the benefits for human health, especially in riverside and rural communities. Unsustainable anthropogenic activities, such as livestock farming and agriculture, release of polluted effluents into water bodies that may cause changes in the physical, chemical, biological and microbiological characteristics of water, consequently limiting its use. The objective of this work is to evaluate the multiple uses of water and the feasibility of using rainwater in the São João da Ponta Extractive Reserve area, belonging to the Mocajuba-Pa river basin, considering the demand and the local conditions of water supply. A theoretical and practical methodology was implemented using secondary data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), National Information System on Sanitation (SNIS), Secretariat of State for Environment and Sustainability (SEMAS) and Municipal Secretary of Health, Surveillance and Control of São João da Ponta. For the construction of the primary database, interviews were carried out at the Municipality of São João da Ponta, at the Municipal Health, Surveillance and Control Secretariat and the Municipal Environment Secretariat, and forms were applied in the municipal headquarters of São João da Ponta and in the community of Jacarequara. The data was organized in a quantitative database to characterize the water consumption. From this information, it was evidenced that 76% of the population in the municipality of São João da Ponta is in a situation of poverty vulnerability. The average water consumption per capita resulted in 146 liters per day. The water consumption in agriculture is approximately 12698.9 m3/ha, and livestock demands on average 28 m³ / day per animal. Along the amount of water used for these economic activities, a greater problem is that farmers use water from nearby rivers and streams, which are the same bodies of water used for leisure by the local population. Another persistent problem is the fishermen’s use of poison from a toxic plant, known as "timbó”, which is a source of water contamination and cause of death for aquatic fauna. In addition, the physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of the water consumed in São João da Ponta were analyzed through data provided by the Municipal Health, Surveillance and Control Department, where it can be seen that approximately 83% of the samples have presence of Total Coliforms and 36.8% of E. Coli bacteria. According to information from the technical reports from the municipal headquarters, of 35 water samples collected, 94.29% were identified as unsatisfactory in the final result. An evaluation of rainwater utilization was also carried out; where the amount of rainfall in the study region was evaluated using information from rain gauges at Castanhal, Vigia and Curuçá monitored by the National Water Agency, In a complementary way, the regional estimates obtained from 43 ANA pluviometric stations (period 1985-2014) generated by the Laboratory of Hydroenvironmental Studies and Modeling. The roof measurements were taken considering the procedures adopted by the Water Utilization Research Group Of the Rainfall in the Amazon of the Federal University of Pará, through the Environmental Nucleus (NUMA) in partnership with the Institute of Technology. For the water tank sizing, five (5) methods recommended in the NBR 15527 were considered: (a) Rippl method, (b) Brazilian Practical Method or Azevedo Neto Method, (c) German Practical Method, (d) Practical Method English and the (e) Australian Practical Method. With all this information, it can be observed the region presents a rainfall index that guarantees good water supply for human consumption and some economic activities. For the processing of the data, the multi-criteria method Multipol was implemented. This tool helped in the comparison of the different actions for problems related to the water uses, considering multiple criteria and policies. It was evidenced that policies/actions of environmental education, agricultural management and environmental and water resources management policies are necessary to maintain a Blue scenario, in where water supply with adequate quality, loss control, and with ample access is guaranteed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação monetária dos prejuízos causados por chuvas intensas nas cidades de Belém do Pará, Brasil e Carrillo de Guanacaste, Costa Rica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-12-22) ROSALES MENDOZA, Ronaldo; MOTA, Maria Aurora Santos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5817549281617240
The direct material losses of the residents of the cities of Belém do Pará, Brazil and Carrillo de Guanacaste, Costa Rica in the period 2000-2016 it´s evaluated due to extreme rainfall. Using the method of abduction and using dates of INMET, INM, IBGE, INEC, the natural, social and economic condition of the residents of the affected areas was identified, which served as the basis for the calculation. Constructed the water footprint index (Ipa) and the Environmental Average Material Monetary Assessment (AMA) the equation estimate loss after knowing the precipitation data of the event day. The monetary evaluation of the extreme event happened in the city of Belém on January 4, 2017, the INMET reported rainfall was 94.6 mm, and estimated water footprint reached 0.90 meters high, the loss estimated for the city was 122,106,834 Reference Monetary Units (UMR). In the city of Carrillo was evaluated the event of October 5, 2017, the rainfall reported by INM was 148.6 mm, the water footprint was 2.1 meters high, the estimated loss for neighborhood residents Bamboo is 3,094,579 UMR. Then, the index as the applied equation show effective for the calculation of the direct material monetary damages in the area reached after an extreme precipitation event. Limiting the calculation of the loss suffered by the population in vulnerable condition and without evaluating other related factors such as permanence, force and speed of water; the value of intangibles (interruption of services, illnesses) in both the affected area and the impact areas. In spite of this, the result is used to make preventive, corrective, and operative actions in a city.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Balanço de energia e fluxos turbulentos associados à fatores físico-químicos da água na baía de Caxiuanã
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) PINHEIRO, Amanda Nascimento; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350
Investigate the behavior of the energy balance on water surfaces is still a scientific challenge, since few studies are available on this topic in this type of surface. The flona of Caxiunã several years ago has become a major object of study for various field of science that support for the Amazon region. Among these fields lies the micrometeorology, which discusses among his main topics of interest are the phenomena of energy and mass exchange at the surface-atmosphere interface. Aiming to fill this lack of information, in this study the hourly and seasonal variations of the components of energy balance, such as latent heat and sensible heat flux were analyzed. With the assist of meteorological variables such as precipitation, air temperature, wind speed and direction as well as physical- chemical water parameters (albedo, tide level, turbidity, water temperature and amount of total organic and inorganic carbon) was studied the role of these variables in the energy balance in the Caxiuanã bay. A peculiarity presented by Caxiuanã bay was the water temperature always being higher than the air temperature values, demonstrating that the bay can hold large amounts of heat during the day and not lose most of this heat to the atmosphere during the night. The total organic carbon present in the waters of the bay decreased concentration throughout the study period. The latent heat flux (LE) was shown to be the dominant component of the energy balance, presenting an average value of 200 W.m-2 during most of the study period, and the sensible heat flux (H) showed a peak in May with about 50 W.m-2. The negative values of H during the nighttime show that the bay is losing heat to the environment, ie, the bay is acting as a heat source for local atmosphere, including the forest.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Benefícios ambientais e econômicos de sistemas agroflorestais de Tomé-Açu, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-22) SUZUKI, Patrícia Mie; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0719395243841543; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2364-8822
The global demand for food and the advance of climate change generate pressure for sustainable production systems that generate multiple benefits. Agroforestry systems (AFS) are productive models with the potential to meet the demands of society and the environment. In this sense, this research aimed to evaluate agroforestry systems' contribution to climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, and income generation in the municipality of Tomé-Açu, Pará. Twelve areas of multi-stratified AFS were selected and a 30 x 30-meter plot was installed in each system. An agroforestry inventory and an interview with the producer about the socioeconomic profile and environmental perception of the AFSs were carried out. The data were used to evaluate the influence of plant richness and other variables on the benefits of "Mitigation of climate change", "Biodiversity conservation" and "Income generation", through the indicators aboveground biomass carbon stock, Shannon index (H') and gross income, respectively. For this, we used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to select the variables and linear regression to create the models. All data from the agroforestry inventory and the statistical analyses were performed in the R 4.2.2 computing environment. In general, 83% of the farmers reported being satisfied or very satisfied with the economic return on the AFSs, in addition to citing several environmental services. Richness (S) per system ranged from 3 to 11 species and Shannon diversity index (H') between 0.55 and 1.77. The average carbon stock of the aboveground biomass in the studied AFSs was 45.2 Mg ha-1, with a variation between 27.4 and 63.0 Mg ha-1. The values of carbon stock in the cocoa, cupuaçu, açaí, dendê, and other components were statistically similar, but differed significantly from the carbon stock found in the forest component (gl=2; χ2=71.7; p=1.834e-13). The average value of annual gross income from the sale of these producers was R$13,758, 53/ha and ranged between R$1,687.50 and R$26,250/ha. In the systems with oil palm (AFSs A1, A2 and A3), the palm tree considerably increased the gross income of the AFSs, contributing 58, 48 and 78% of the total income, respectively, despite the low density of individuals, with an average of 69 ind ha-1, in the areas, in comparison with the other main species. In this study, it was not possible to confirm the influence of plant richness on the generation of climate benefits, biodiversity conservation, and income generation. However, other variables influenced the benefits of the analyzed AFSs. "SAF type", "oil palm density" and "shade species density" performed best on carbon stock, Shannon diversity index and gross income, respectively. As for the benefit scores, in general, most of the AFSs showed unevenly distributed scores for each benefit. Therefore, we conclude that plant richness was not the variable that influenced the benefits evaluated, but rather a set of variables analyzed, ratifying the complexity of Tomé-Açu's AFSs. In general, the AFSs of Tomé-Açu meet the expectations of producers in terms of economic return, besides generating benefits related to climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation. In particular, the AFSs with the oil palm component showed better performance in the scores of benefits generation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Colonização micorrízica arbuscular em floresta secundária na Amazônia sob remoção de serrapilha e irrigação do solo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) MAIA, Rodrigo da Silva; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0719395243841543
We evaluate the effect of alteration of availability of substrate (litterfall) and water about the arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and chemical attribut of soil in Secondary Forest in the eastern Amazon. The percentagem of mycorrhizal colonization (PMC) was analyzed in apogeotropic roots and roots present in the surface 0-10 cm layer of soil, spore density, glomalin production and physico-chemical attributes of soils in four plots of treatment to litter removal, four plots of irrigation treatment and four control plots. The plots measuring 20 m x 20 m. In each plot was collected four single samples of soil and roots divided into four areas. The results showed that litter removal reduced significantly the PMC in roots, but had no effect on spore density. The litter removal decreased availability of nitrogen and organic carbon in soil, but there was no influence of reduced availability of nutrients in the soil for mycorrhizal colonization. The Glomalin which is produced by hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizae, and is aggregated with soil organic matter was also reduced by litter removal. The irrigation treatment did not affect the PMC, and spore density in soil and did not affect the availability of nutrients. The study allowed to show that changes in land cover can cause serious damage to the plant-fungus symbiosis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comunidade de insetos bentônicos em igarapés do nordeste paraense - Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-31) MONTELES, Josinete Sampaio; GERHARD, Pedro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5621269098705408
This study aimed to know the community of benthic insects in 17 streams in northeastern Pará, Eastern Amazonia under different land uses and investigate the variations in the abundance, richness and diversity of aquatic insect community to vegetation cover the immediate surrounding area (riparian zone) and landscape (slopes of the watershed where it enters the stream sampled). The benthic macroinvertebrates were collected between July and October 2010, the period of lowest rainfall. At each point were made to 10 Surber samples for quantitative analysis and three hand-net only qualitative character. To evaluate differences between the richness, EPT abundance and diversity, we used an ANOVA and cluster analysis to summarize the biotic data. For differences in the scales of study were then used an ANOSIM and routine SIMPER. Environmental characteristics were also evaluated searching to correlate them to the taxonomic composition and distribution of taxa by Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). A total of 46,371 individuals were collected, in which 11,384 with Surber, distributed in 61 taxa with a predominance of aquatic insects. The highest abundances were observed Chironomidae, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Coleoptera. Abundance, richness and EPT were greater in sections of streams to riparian vegetation and watershed predominantly of igapó anthropic forest (references). The environmental variables of greatest influence on the community were percentage of forest environment in the riparian zone, average water temperature, turbidity, percentage of coarse and fine litter, pH, flow channel and coefficient of variation of channel width. The results showed differences in community composition in relation to different land uses. Through the ecological descriptors, it was detected that the watershed with the highest percentage of anthropic forest area and successional and higher percentage of riparian vegetation surrounding (30m) showed better environmental conditions than those dominated pastures.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contaminação de canais urbanos por microplástico em uma capital da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-22) SANTOS, Luana Francy Oliveira; MARTINELLI FILHO, José Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080628833884538
The socio-environmental problems faced in several cities in the Amazon region are, in part the result of the precariousness or absence of basic sanitation services. The city of Macapá, state of Amapá, has the national indexes in the provision of set of services linked to basic sanitation, among such services the collection and treatment of sewage and the adequate disposal of solid waste such as plastic material. With this comes the objective of this study, which is to evaluate the presence, quantity and types of microplastics in urban canals in the municipality, as well as to analyze the importance of environmental variables in relation to the quantity and distribution of such particles. For this purpose, water samples were collected with a Van Dorn bottle and sediment with a Van Veen dredger from five urban canals. The results obtained showed that microplastics were found in all samples. An average amount of 17 ±13MPs/L for water and of 453 ± 345 MPs/Kg for sediments were recorded. The predominant MPs were the fibers in the water samples, with a predominance of sizes smaller than 300 µm and in the colors blue and black. For sediments, fragments were the dominant format, with a greater proportion of transparent, blue and black colors. The data obtained showed the current state of the level of contamination of Macapá’s urban canals, indicating the need for effective public policies for Amazonian cities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contaminação de canais urbanos por microplástico em uma capital da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-22) SANTOS, Luana Francy Oliveira; MARTINELLI FILHO, José Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080628833884538; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8445-1332
The socio-environmental problems faced in several cities in the Amazon region are, in part the result of the precariousness or absence of basic sanitation services. The city of Macapá, state of Amapá, has the national indexes in the provision of set of services linked to basic sanitation, among such services the collection and treatment of sewage and the adequate disposal of solid waste such as plastic material. With this comes the objective of this study, which is to evaluate the presence, quantity and types of microplastics in urban canals in the municipality, as well as to analyze the importance of environmental variables in relation to the quantity and distribution of such particles. For this purpose, water samples were collected with a Van Dorn bottle and sediment with a Van Veen dredger from five urban canals. The results obtained showed that microplastics were found in all samples. An average amount of 17 ±13MPs/L for water and of 453 ± 345 MPs/Kg for sediments were recorded. The predominant MPs were the fibers in the water samples, with a predominance of sizes smaller than 300 µm and in the colors blue and black. For sediments, fragments were the dominant format, with a greater proportion of transparent, blue and black colors. The data obtained showed the current state of the level of contamination of Macapá’s urban canals, indicating the need for effective public policies for Amazonian cities.