Navegando por Assunto "Abastecimento de água"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Abastecimento de água na cidade de Marabá - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-12-17) MORAES, Lindalva Canaan Jorge; ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2436176783315749
This work analyzes the formation, expansion and management of the water supply system of the city of Marabá, in the State of Pará. In the mid-‘70s, the city became the locus of a strong demographic growth, exacerbated by an intensive migration process, resulting from several public initiatives connected with a policy of national integration This policy comprised the development of infrastructure such as roads, hydroelectric plants, official colonization plans, implementation of big projects, as the mining complex of Carajas, incentives to agriculture and cattle-raising and timber exploration. This demographic boom increased by four times the city’s urban population creating a big impact in the supply of public services, overburdening, inclusive, the water supply system. Aiming to contribute to the debate on the question of water supply in the aforementioned city, we concentrated our efforts to analyze how the city’s water supply is being made throughout these years. Its present supply structure, which areas are covered by the services provided by the Company of Water Supply of the State of Pará and which are not and which alternatives of water supply are being adopted to secure water supply services in areas not covered by the official water supply system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise dos impactos da dinâmica de sólidos e de nutrientes na qualidade da água de ambiente lêntico utilizado no abastecimento de comunidades amazônicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08) SARAIVA, André Luis de Lima; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
The springs of Utinga, formed by the Bolonha and Água Preta lakes, are contained in an Área de Proteção Ambiental - APA and are used by the Companhia de Saneamento do Pará - COSANPA, to supply the population of the Região Metropolitana de Belém - RMB. These springs are formed by Guamá River, where water is captured and sent to the Água Preta lake by pumping, which in an artificial channel with gravity flow, feeds the Bolonha lake, and since it is pumped to the Estação de Tratamento de Água - ETA. The main problems of pollution / contamination of water sources appeared to advancing urban disordered, giving rise to the improper release of sewage and solid waste from neighborhoods, slums and housing estates close to the main springs. The objective of this study was to use tools to support monitoring and knowledge of water quality in the Água Preta lake, to prevent and / or correct degradation processes. These tools are multivariate analysis of abiotic parameters and chlorophyll a, nutrient balance and hydrodynamic modeling aiming to observe the dispersion of sediment transport. Samples were collected in surface water at three points strategically chosen to assess the anthropogenic influence in the Água Preta lake and sediments that are suspended matter carried into the lake. The sampling points were georeferenced using GPS (GARMIN Model) and the sampling of surface water were performed with the Van Dorn bottle 2.5 L and transported to the Laboratório de Química Ambiental (LQA), located at the Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, for further analysis. Samples were collected during the months of March, May, June, August, September and October in 2010, coinciding with periods of higher and lower rainfall. The data of abiotic parameters and chlorophyll a were analyzed by methods of descriptive statistics and principal component analysis. Analyses were also carried out analysis of the mass balance of water and nutrients and adopted the use of hydrodynamic model of the modeling program SisBAHIA (Sistema Base de Hidrodinâmica Ambiental), aimed to mimic the hydrodynamic conditions of the Água Preta lake during a year. Through these simulations were generated maps of surface currents to observe the different patterns of movement, since the use of models have played an important role in planning and development of alternative scenarios that include the proper diagnosis of the water systems in its structure, process and dynamics. The parameters studied showed variations during periods of lower and higher rainfall, higher contribution being found in point 2 in respect of turbidity, color, DO, nitrate, NT, chlorophyll a and suspended solids were found larger contribution in points 2. The other parameters (N -ammonia, BOD and PT) had contribution in points 1 and 3, indicating a source of organic pollution, due to domestic sewage, since there are nearby dumping of sewage. In the mass balance was found that both the PT and NID were influenced by the load of water river Guamá during the lower rainfall. While with high rainfall total phosphorus load was higher due to higher contribution from dewatering of sewage released into the reservoir. The retention time for the PT was 180 days and 536 days was NID. Through this balance could quantify the entry, retention and export of nutrients as well as to evaluate the potential for eutrophication of reservoirs. In the hydrodynamic model showed that the distribution of the module speed was identical for each month of the year, regardless of wind direction, with the riparian vegetation around that water environment this important role in reducing the speed modular surface of the water. However near the output channel of pond water was observed a change of speed 0.32 m /s in the rainy season and 0.28 m / s during the dry period that can be related to the precipitation. Furthermore, the input of water in the tank forms a vortex tending to sedimentation process, a fact observed in the bathymetry. The sedimentation at this point be given especially in periods with lower precipitation, because COSANPA increases the flow of water intake to maintain the level of the reservoir to supply the Região Metropolitana de Belém, providing the greatest contribution of suspended sediment, a fact observed with the parameters of turbidity, color and suspended solids, which have higher concentrations at this point and a decrease as they move away to step 3 (water outlet channel for the connection). These tools are of great importance for maintenance of the spring, since they will allow diagnosing the lake capacity tends of retain and remove nutrients as well as the process of the hydrodynamic circulation allowing check sites that can have a major and minor deposition of materials suspended in water column. Through this study will provide data that subsidizes the competent authorities the future and help in the conservation of other sources used to supply water to cities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da operação e estimativa das perdas de água e de energia elétrica no 3º setor de abastecimento de água da região metropolitana de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-12-27) BARRETO, Gilberto Caldeira; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
Evaluation of the operation and the determination of the loss of water and energy of the 3rd sector of water supplying of Belém metropolitan region. This search was developed in the period of January to December of 2006, in three phases. In the first phase was theoretically determined the operational standard, to make possible the comparison between the results obtained in the second phase, in which one was developed monitoring activities in the water´s reservation and elevation unities. In the third phase was estimated the loss of water and electric energy in the 3rd sector. The results made possible observe that the lack of tools to monitor and control of the standard operational, and the insufficient capacity of the elevated reservoir, results in operations without planned routine, what produces loss of water and electric energy. The volume of lost water was estimated in 423.847 m³/month, what represent 42,58 % of the total volume distributed (989.580 m³/month). The value that the COSANPA does not gain per month with this loss are R$ 508.616,00. The loss of energy referring to the volume of lost water in the 3° sector was estimated in 105.962 kWh/month, what represent a medium cost of R$ 21.192,4 per month or R$ 254.308,8 per year.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da perda de arrecadação pela não prestação do serviço de abastecimento público de água em edifícios residenciais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-10-26) RODRIGUES, Liane Cristina Chagas; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
The service provider asks for billing when the residential building uses its own water supply system. Thus, the objective of the work is to quantify the revenue losses (R$) that the Pará Sanitation Company (COSANPA) suffers for not supplying the 24 residential buildings located in the area in the third sector, located in the municipality of Belém in the State of Pará. A document consultation was carried out on the volumes of water consumed and billed in 25 residential buildings with water supply from the Pará Sanitation Company (COSANPA) to then estimate the values (volume and possible billing in reais) in residential buildings that use own source of water supply in the area of Cosanpa’s third water supply sector. The data collection source was entirely from the integrated sanitation service management system (Gsan). The Research was developed in three stages. The first stage consisted of identifying the residential buildings that use Cosanpa’s water and identifying the residential buildings that do not use Cosanpa’s water. The second stage consisted of collecting and systematizing water consumption information for the two groups of selected buildings (buildings supplied by COSANPA and buildings supplied with their own system). The third and last consisted of the comparative analysis of noncollection (monetary R$) in residential buildings not supplied with water by COSANPA, based on the premise of collection of residential buildings served by the Pará Sanitation Company (COSANPA). It was verified that the company failed to collect BRL 3,142,281.65 (three million, one hundred and forty-two thousand, two hundred and eighty-one reais and sixty-five cents) in five years, which represents 45.97% of the amount collected by the buildings supplied by the company
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da presença de antiflamatórios não esteroides no sistema de abastecimento de água Bolonha Belém/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-12) RIBEIRO, Caroline Mascarenhas; TEIXEIRA, Luiza Carla Girard Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9773700229115395; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0204-6825
The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs - NSAIDs in the Bolonha Complex, Belém-Pa, from water samples collected in the Bolonha Reservoir (raw water) and after the filtration and disinfection of the ETA Bolonha, in addition to verifying possible relationships between the NSAIDs in the study and the water quality parameters. The determination of NSAIDs was based on the solid phase extraction method, on GC-MS (Gas Chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry) for the identification of the compounds Ibuprofen (IBU) and Paracetamol (PAR), and LCMS/MS (Chromatography Liquid coupled to sequential mass spectrometry) to obtain Naproxen (NAP) and Diclofenac (DFC). The results obtained indicated the presence of the four drugs PAR, IBU, NAP and DFC in the Bolonha Complex. At point AB, the first three drugs, respectively, had an annual mean of 3.7 ng/L, 9.1 ng/L and 351.8 ng/L. At point AF, the same drugs obtained, in the same order, annual mean concentrations of 14 ng/L, 231.2 ng/L and 1932.2 ng/L. At point AT, only IBU and DFC were detected, with annual averages of 0.9 and 35.9 ng/L, respectively. It was found that the main step responsible for the elimination of drugs was chlorination, especially in the rainy season, equivalent to an annual removal efficiency of 100% in the cases of PAR and NAP, and 94%, referring to the IBU. In the correlations, no strong relationship was identified between the drugs detected in the raw (AB), filtered (AF) and treated (AT) water points. At Point AB, the approximation of the NAP with the pH color, apparent color, total iron, turbidity and E-coli variables stands out. At point AF, the same drug showed a correlation with the apparent color in the rainy season, however in the dry season it did not show strong correlations with any of the variables analyzed. At point AT, the DFC stood out with the approximation of the pH, turbidity and alkalinity variables. In general, the assessment of the presence of NSAIDs proved to be important for a better understanding of the issue of microcontaminants in the Amazon and, in addition, confirmed the hypothesis of the presence of NSAIDs in different parts of the ETA Bolonha, which may be related to the discharge of untreated sewage from the neighboring population
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de perdas de água do sistema de abastecimento de água da Cosanpa, na Região Metropolitana de Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-03-30) VELOSO, Thomás Pinheiro; BARP, Ana Rosa Baganha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0286183914646934
This work has as objective to analyze the water losses in the supplying system of the COSANPA that takes care of to the demand of the Metropolitan Region of Belém (RMB), emphasizing the importance that the process of formation and the urban growth of the RMB has in relation the water losses, in the measure where this process forced the COSANPA to take care of to a number each bigger time of users with improvised workmanships, taking the prevalence of the improvisation and the empiricist in the operation of this system. The research was carried through for all the area of the RMB, since it would be impossible to determine the losses index for an isolated sector, in result of the absence of sectoring of the net of water supply that makes it difficult the attainment of more necessary operational information. The methodology used for the determination of the losses index of the system of water supply of the COSANPA in the RMB, was based on the study carried through for Silva et al (1998) for the National Program of Combat to the Wastefulness Water (PNCDA) and that in 2004 it was revised by Marcka (2004). The results gotten with the determination of the losses pointers of basic and average level of complexity reflect the fragility of the COSANPA through highest losses index, that besides being related the structural problems, are aggravated by the operational deficiencies of this system. One concludes that measured as the sectoring of the net of water supply, hydrometer, update of register in cadastre, use of new technologies for detention of emptyings and frauds and the operational qualification, with the manual technician creation, are combat tools the actual and apparent losses that can change the current picture of the COSANPA.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de riscos aplicada como metodologia de controle e segurança da qualidade da água no sistema de abastecimento de Belém - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-08) ARAÚJO JUNIOR, Antonio Jorge Silva; TEIXEIRA, Luiza Carla Girard Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9773700229115395
This study aims to use the risk assessment approach FMEA as control and safety methodology of water quality in Belém supply system. During the monitoring period were determined indicators free residual chlorine, turbidity, apparent color, pH, fluoride, total iron, total coliforms and E. coli. Collections and analyzes were performed in 46 points of Belém supplies central zone, including water treatment plants, reservoirs drop in the sectors and in the supply network. Each set of data received descriptive statistical analysis, outlier removal and passed the Kruskal Wallis test to determine significant differences between indicators of different supply sectors. It was found that the 3680 measurements, 706 showed no compliance with potability standards (BRASIL, 2011), of which 582 were in the supply network, 92 on the reservoirs drop in the sectors and 32 at treatment plants. The FMEA methodology was applied to all the analyzed indicators, and the points were divided into three groups: REDE, DRS and ETA’s. For the REDE group were identified 18 points of moderate risk and 18 points high risk. For the DRS group and ETA’s all the points were moderate risk. In this research there was no occurrence of despicable risk and critical. The indicators fluoride, total coliforms and E. coli were the most influential, accounting for approximately 15% in the risk weights. However, fluoride indicator contributes to increase the category of risk, because it showed 100% nonconformities with the fluor standards (BRASIL, 1975) in every point. After the categorization of risk, were prepared two maps, one with points and other with contours, representing the risks related to the quality of water for each one of the studied points. The contoured map was best represented the risk, as it presented more comprehensive information.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do consumo e da despesa de energia elétrica no estudo de concepção de sistema de abastecimento de água
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-25) FERREIRA, Jorge Fernando Hungria; OLIVEIRA, Dênio Ramam Carvalho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1324105476558186; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
The definition of the Water Supply Systems (WSS) design is an important stage in the municipalities planning, since it has a direct impact in the implementation, operation and maintenance costs, and, as a consequence, in the economic sustainability of water supply companies. Thus, in the present research were studied alternatives of WSS design to the urban area Castanhal, considering the values of electricity energy consumption and operational cost in the period 2017-2037. The research was divided in three stages, being in the first characterized the Castanhal WSS (that uses underground water). After that, two alternatives of WSS design with raw water abstraction were analyzed and dimensioned. In the third stage, simulation was performed in the EPANET 2.0 Software to compare the consumption and cost of electric energy in the operational routines of WSS design alternatives. In the research, 14 WSS’s were identified in the Castanhal urban area, with capture in 46 shallow wells and 13 deep wells and with water treatment and reservation problems, attending only 28.36% of the urban population and 47.86% of loss index in distribution water. The WSS design alternatives were with superficial abstraction of raw water, one from Guamá river and another from Inhangapi river; with treatment and distribution of 64,293 m³/d to attend 270,935 inhabitants in 2037; and with operational routine to minimize pumping at peak time. After the dimensioning of WSS units and the simulations in the EPANET 2.0 software, 21,600,000 data were systematized, being 10,972,800 of water flow, 9,676,800 of manometric height and 950,400 of water level. With the results of the 2017 simulation, it was verified that the CE and DE values of the Guamá WSSs (0.53 kWh/m³ and 0.29 R$/m³) and Inhangapi (0.48 kWh/m³ and 0.26 R$/m³) were lower than the Actual WSS values (0.83 kWh/m³ and 0.35 R$/m³). In the results of the 2037 simulations of electricity consumption and cost, the best hydroenergetic performance of Inhangapi WSS (988,280 kWh/month and R$ 2.816.629,91/month) was verified in comparison with Guamá WSS (1,108,260 kWh/month and R$ 3.144.285,08/month), consuming at peak time 0.91% (10,112 kWh/month) in Guamá WSS and 1.01% (9,959 kWh/month) in Inhangapi WSS of total electricity consumption. Considering the present value of the accumulated electric energy cost in the project horizon, Inhangapi WSS (R$ 98.987.348,36) had savings of R$ 10.419.463,93 (9.52%) in relation to Guamá WSS (R$ 109.406.812,29), reason for the Inhangapi WSS to be defined as the best design alternative to universalization of water supply in the urban area of Castanhal in the period from 2017 to 2037.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cidade sustentável para a água: a sustentabilidade do sistema urbano de abastecimento de água no distrito sede de Macapá-AP
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06-24) OLIVEIRA, Odiléia Cardoso; BASTOS, Rodolpho Zahluth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0697476638482653; MORAES, Sérgio Cardoso de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4568311568729454
In the management interface of water resources to the management of sanitation services and the sustainability of cities, this research has the main focus of analysis as the urban system of water supply in Macapa kept pace with population growth and urbanization of the municipality in terms of a sustainable city. The specific objectives were to map the city of Macapa within the historical context of population growth and urbanization; identify and characterize the urban system of water supply, pointing out the areas served and missed; analyze the sustainability of the urban supply system, considering the environmental, social, economic and institutional aspects, proposing appropriate measures to improve the management of water services, based on sustainable management of the use of water resources. The methodology was based on a case study involving a qualitative approach, using techniques of direct and indirect documentation, as well as intensive and extensive direct observation. The results show that the management of sanitation services in Macapa is not taking place in a planned and integrated manner. The population grew, the city expanded over the past few decades, however, the water supply system has not kept pace with growth, with large deficit of care to the population. In all aspects we analyzed it was found the unsustainability of the system. The Company of Water and Sewage of Amapa has as its main feature a large inefficiency, presenting over the last decade very low levels of coverage of water supply services in addition to high physical and commercial losses, its debt capacity is exhausted. That’s why, it presents difficulties in managing and financing the expansion or modernization of the infrastructure itself, a necessary condition for the improvement of services offered. So there are still significant challenges to be overcome, the goal of universalizing services to the population in search of social justice and protection of natural resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O desafio das águas numa metrópole amazônida: uma reflexão das políticas de proteção dos mananciais da região metropolitana de Belém-PA (1984 – 2004)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-09) BORDALO, Carlos Alexandre Leão; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373475491613670
To talk about constant interruptions in water supply to the population of the municipal districts that compose the Metropolitan Area of Belém - RMB, in the State of Pará, that is, without a doubt, favored by a rich net of great river basins (the Amazonian Basin, the Tocantins-Araguaia Basin and Coast of the Western Northeast), seems to be a great contradiction. If the problem is not in low hydric readiness as it happens in some metropolitan areas of the country (São Paulo, Recife and Rio de Janeiro), why are not the urban demands of the resident population in the expansion area of the metropolis being assisted satisfactorily? What factors would be committing the water supply system quality of RMB? And how have the Government of the State of Pará and the Municipal City Halls of Belém implemented policies for the protection of Utinga source, major responsible for the provisioning of that population? Those subjects presented, demonstrate us the central point of this theory that is to understand how in an Amazonian metropolis, located in an area rich in superficial and underground hydric accessibility, the public system of drinkable water supply of the Utinga source has been challenging the city to survive. For this reason, it was necessary to evaluate the importance of their water resources, the development level of its environmental and hydric legislation, as well as the need of drawing goals and management practices for the river basins, among them the ones used as fountainhead to the drinkable water supply of the Metropolitan Area of Belém. The subject that involves the administration of water resources in the paraenses river basins, in matter the ones destined to the provisioning of RMB cities’ population, requests the development of a study centered on a political ecology capable to supply a theoretical-methodological outline regarding the use of the river basins as administration units integrated between state and city halls, as well as through the residents' participation and other local users of the water. Therefore, our objective is based on the need of identification and evaluation of twenty years of politics implemented by the Government of the State of Pará and Municipal City Halls of Belém, for protection and administration of Utinga sources (river basins of Igarapés Murutucum and Água Preta) responsible for the provisioning of 70% of the population of the Metropolitan Area of Belém.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desafios para a universalização do abastecimento de água no município de Breves-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-31) ROCHA, Caroline Silva Nepomuceno; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
The objective of this research is to analyze the challenges related to the implementation of the universalization of water supply for the population of the Municipality of Breves, in the Marajó Archipelago, State of Pará, compared to what is foreseen in the current legislation of the sector. The theoretical basis of the work is anchored in the following axes. First, the evolution of the sanitation sector in Brazil is discussed. Then the planning of the sector comprising the instrument at the federal, state and municipal levels. Then, the issue of water supply management, efficiency, sustainability, information system, indicators, regulation and ends with the participation and social control of the sector. The methodology of the work is descriptive, bibliographical and documentary. The stages were defined for the evaluation of the services rendered, the demographic evolution and its impact on the evolution of services followed by the propositions for structuring the sector in the Municipality of Breves. Results obtained in the research show that the legal obligations of the municipality in the area of infrastructure are insufficient, in the aspect of economic, financial sustainability, the system is deficient, and the impact on the population in the next 20 years is deeply negative considering the management of the infrastructure and the instruments of municipal planning. The research proposed a set of actions for the structuring of the water supply sector in the municipality covering the following aspects: elaboration and / or updating of the basic sanitation plan involving its essential dimensions, delegation of regulation, efficiency, social control, creation of an administrative body to coordinate the reformulation of the plan and the treatment of information in the sanitation sector of the Municipality of Breves. The research found that the greatest challenge for municipal management in the sanitation sector is to promote the universalization of the water supply for the population, fulfilling what was established in the current legislation
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de modelo de sistema de informações geográficas para avaliação da eficiência hidroenergética em sistemas de abastecimento de água
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-10-29) SANTOS, Aline Christian Pimentel Almeida; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
Development of methodology for evaluating the performance of hydro-energy Water Supply Systems (WSS) using System Model of Geographical Information (GIS) to assist in decision-making in the SAAs operation. The model developed in GIS platform enables registration, systematization and the spatial distribution of hydro data in order to avoid excessive spending on electricity aggregate the volume of water available for consumption. In Stage 1 the hydro-energy parameters were identified WSSs used in current management methods and then set the data and indicators for the spatial representation in the model of the hydro-energy performance by sector and water supply unit. In the 2nd stage was developed the management model in GIS through Delphi IDE XE5 and TatukGIS platform in three phases: geographic database construction (Phase 1); Construction of GIS module (Phase 2) and construction of hydro-energy module (Phase 3). The last step (Step 3) was submitted to evaluation of the model developed functionality, which simulated the operation of the WSS Bolonha, the Metropolitan Region of Belém, Pará, Brazil, which allowed the spatial data and indicators to identify the sectors with best and hydro-energy worst performance. The color grading maps building tool was efficient, allowing quick identification of the best result of the electricity consumption index in sector 9 of the Central Zone (0.62 KWh / m³) and the worst index total loss in sector 7 of the Central Zone (54.29%). In addition to the warning signs for tool for the indicators above the target set by the user, which enabled the identification of sector 7 with the worst energy consumption index (0.85 KWh / m³). With the work it was found that the SIGHE2A model is a tool that enables and streamlines the evaluation of the hydro-Energy performance WSS, especially to facilitate problem identification and decision making.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento e aplicação de metodologia para avaliação de desempenho hidroenergético de sistemas de abastecimento de água
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-19) REGO, Augusto da Gama; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
This doctoral thesis aims developing a methodology and implementing it on software in order to evaluate a water supply system (WSS) hydro-energetic performance, as well as applying it on a real scale WSS. This paper was carried out in two stages: 1) modeling the hydro-energetic performance evaluation process, establishing of formulations to calculate hydro-energetic losses and implementing methodology on software; 2) applying the methodology at a real scale WSS, which required monitoring of hydraulic and electrical quantities and simulating this WSS at Epanet 2.0. The first stage results consisted at defined hydro-energetic losses and conceptualize hydro-energetic performance on the proposed methodology, which consists sequences of actions and mathematical formulation to calculate hydro-energetic losses at the WSS, as well as to evaluate WSS hydro-energetic performance and, finally, at methodology implementation in a software using Visual Basic for Applications (named as SADHE2A) and successfully tested at the WSS with synthetic data. The second stage results are related to methodology application at WSS of Guanabara (located at Ananindeua city, Pará, Brazil), using SADHE2A – versão Beta, in which were identified water global losses of 55.42% and electrical energy global losses of 8.31% (both classified as “bad” by the methodology), resulting in an economical deficit of 17,981.77 R$/month. This value is equivalent to 57.61% of electrical energy costs, since raw water pumping to the final water costumer. Finally, the methodology developed has met the research expectations to calculate the water losses and electricity consumed losses and to evaluate the hydro-energetic performance of the WSS in Brazil and world.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribuição e qualidade dos serviços de abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário na área insular do município de Belém - PA: Ilha de Caratateua
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-31) FERREIRA, Carlos Augusto da Cruz; BORDALO, Carlos Alexandre Leão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1253955182585852
This paper aims to discuss and analyze the conditions of service provision of water supply and sanitation on the island of Caratateua, isolated area of the city of Belém, Pará State, Brazil. It presents as an object of study to evaluation the distribution and quality of those services on that island. The study area corresponds to two neighborhoods at Caratateua island: Brasília e São João de Outeiro. The neighborhoods are adjacent, located in the western portion of the island and are part of it urban area. It boundaries were defined by the Prefeitura Municipal de Belém. Caratateua island is one of the most important islands that make up the Distrito Administrativo de Outeiro – DAOUT and became more intensely occupied after construction of the bridge Éneas Martins Pinheiro in 1986, which facilitated access, especially of the poor in the search space, particularly for housing. The island also has an intense population dynamics on weekends and school vacation, periods when the flow of people increases considerably, especially on the beaches. The time frame of the research has the year 1986 as the starting point of reference. The dynamic organization of space in the island in general, was not accompanied by public politics consistent with the process of population growth and dynamism displayed by the same, thereafter. As a result, neighborhoods Brasília and São João de Outeiro have a deficit in terms of infrastructure and equipment for collective use urban services including water supply and adequate sanitation in homes. The research was based on literature review on the topic of water in ranges global, national and regional, as well as the trajectory of health policies in Brazil and metropolitan scale. The analyzes derived from field surveys, with data collected from questionnaires to heads of families, recorded interviews and meetings in neighborhood associations, demonstrate the dissatisfaction of residents in relation to the care of sanitation services in question, especially since they need to seek alternative ways to meet their daily needs. The pursuit of these alternatives gives rise to forms of union between the locals and have let them to clarification of their rights as citizens and the power they have to claim them before the local government.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Espacialização de informações na gestão de sistemas de abastecimento de água utilizando sistema de informação geográfica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-06-16) SANTOS, Aline Christian Pimentel Almeida; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
To evaluate the spatial information in the management of Water Supply System (ATS). For this they were defined and adopted to the survey (Phase 1), being divided into data of actual losses, commercial and operating expenses. In Phase 2, the base map of study area and data used were stored and organized in a Geographic Information System (GIS) using ArcGIS 9.3 software, which built the data model for the study, and defined the topology be used for identification of specialized data, building the database and the creation of georeferenced layers. In phase 3 was calculated from water balance in the main units of SAAs studied with certain losses in raw water supply, treatment, on the reservation, and distribution. In phase four indicators were calculated to evaluate the performance of SAAs, including: coverage index, total index of actual loss, loss index in the collection, rate of loss of business, index of energy consumption in SAA, index of energy costs Electric, among others. In phase 5 was proposed to the spatial and GIS presentation of the results obtained in earlier phases. Thus, considering the data adopted, it was possible to identify the values of actual losses and performance indicators in each sector of the SAA studied, being, for example, sector 9, which presented the highest rate of total loss, reaching 59, 10%, followed by sections 4, 8 and 5. The most significant loss for the system was the loss distribution, with 9 industry to a loss of 57% loss on treatment was 3.4% in the third sector, and sectors with the highest loss of adduction weresectors 6 and 8, with 3.5%. The percentage of water unaccounted were higher in sectors 1 and 5. Sectors 1, 3, 4 and 6 are those with the highest energy consumption per volume of water produced. Therefore, the spatial data in GIS facilitated the visualization and data analysis adopted in this research.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo das perdas de água no sistema de abastecimento e nas residências do conjunto Benjamim Sodré
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-08-07) VIÉGAS, Alessandro Abadessa; MACHADO, Luiza Carla Girard Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9773700229115395
This work presents a study of water losses in the water supply system of Benjamim Sodré Sector. The work was divided in two steps, as follows: experimental step and results step. Later, data were evaluated and the main results have focused on: characterization and evaluation of the consumers register, revenue and measured water from the down categories of the sector, as well as, the Water Supply System water flows. Besides that, it was made the calculation of some basic performance indicators, such as (index): water loss in the distribution (70,04%), water loss in the revenue (70,61%), water gross loss linear (157,96 L/m.d), connection water loss (1.446,41 L/connection.day), measurement (72,27%) and the global losses (70,93%). Also, it was possible to know the socioeconomic level of the population (30%) of the down categories R2 and R3 of the sector (176 houses), in which the results showed that about 94% of the interviewees who pay only the water bill affirmed to practice waster losses in their houses. The water quality was also analyzed. And it was verified that about 71,50% of the interviewees have considered it bad quality, which may contribute in a important way to the occurrences of Transmissible Hydric Diseases, because it was verified that 24% of the population presented problems concerning to diarrheas, worms, hepatitis A and scabies in the last years. It was made an evaluation of the water uses in the several domestic activities of the down categories R2 and R3. There is a loss of R$ 426,38 per month in the water bill of all consumers that contribute to water leaks in their homes. Finally, it is shown that for the activity of washing the dishes the consumer would have a reduction on the water bill average value of 89,28%. Additionally, to take bath: 43,66%, to wash clothes: 34,23%, to wash the sidewalk: 84,80%, and to brush their teeth 17,06%, referring the down categories R2 and R3.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fundamentos hidrogeológicos para gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos da região de Belém/Ananindeua - Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-12-20) MATTA, Milton Antonio da Silva; REBOUÇAS, Aldo da Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7322958772719317
The main goal of this study is to present the result of an investigation carried out in the region of Belém and Ananindeua. State of Pará — Brazil. The study comprised mainly hydrogeological aspects, together with hydrochemical, geological and socioeconomic data, in order to make it possible to determine the conditions to the wise use of groundwater. This work will also contribute to the municipal and state planners with a set of technical, legal and socioeconomic, data to be used toward the water resource management in the studied area. The activities and the methods applied permitted to achieve significant results which include the characterization of the physical environment, with geomorphology, soil and climate aspects, superficial water characteristics, hydrogeological systems properties, geometrical aspects of the main aquifer units. characteristics of the groundwater flow, hydrogeochemical and bacteriological qualities of the groundwater , the estimation of the groundwater reserves and an insight on its vulnerability. Ali those technical aspects were analyzed together with the legislation framework, from the federal to the municipal scales. in order to make it possible to define the fundamental aspects to the groundwater use and protection planning and its role in the general water management practices in the studied area. The main products include a data base, inserted in a Geographic Information System (GIS), based in the SPRING 3.5.1 program, a set of thematic maps (geological, geomorphologic, hydrogeological, soils, etc.), and a set of tables and graphics showing the physical, chemical and bacteriological aspects of groundwater quality. Technical, social and political propositions were made, including hidroambiental education, institutional projects against poverty, increase of the law enforcement to protect the water resources, water save actions by the government, and joint projects toward water management. The main conclusions of the study permit to demonstrate that the main goals have been achieved, with a significant contributions to the Hydrogeology of the Belém and Ananindeua area and to the future projects involved water resources management.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A geografia dos serviços de abastecimento públicos e privados de água relacionados às metas de universalização dos objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável da Amazônia brasileira (2008-2023)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-28) GUEDES, Michel Pacheco; BORDALO, Carlos Alexandre Leão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1253955182585852
The present thesis aims to analyze the water supply services based on geographic science and geographic space theory, as well as using the hypothetico-deductive method as a method of approach, with bibliographic and documental research as quantitative and qualitative method assigned to the secondary database, established in the research parameters, during the period between 2008 and 2023, plus the acting process of public and private companies which provide those services in the States of Pará and Amazonas, to give a comparison analysis between those service modalities from the parameters of the Basic Sanitation National System (SNIS) and the Basic Sanitation National Plan (PLANSAB), to identify if the management while serving the urban and rural population is efficient, and if the contractual goals are capable of reaching the sustainable development goals (ODS) for 2030. As for the theoretical basis, we utilized the reflection upon UN’s international documents, via “United Nations World Water Development Report (WWDR),” together with a reading about environmental justice concepts, hydric crisis, and hydric justice. It was also considered: a debate about the actions of Globalization and Neoliberalism, and, how these phenomena, together with the local rules and laws influence in the setting of water regulation agencies as part of a privatization process of public water supply companies in the cities of Belém (PA), Manaus (AM), Barcarena (PA) and Parauapebas (PA), and how that process works in the geographic space of a fraction of the Brazilian Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Gestão de recursos hídricos nos países da Bacia Amazônica: conflitos legislativos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) DOURADO JÚNIOR, Octavio Cascaes; PONTE, Marcos Ximenes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0120823127408114
The issue of water on this planet is often present in many discussions about the environment. The way of using water resources, who uses them and to which end, are issues that deserve special attention as, since the Stockholm Conference of 1972 and hence through these last four decades, these resources are treated in a special manner, taken as finite and endowed of economical value. In this context, the management of water resources in the Amazon Basin begins to be guided by the principles of environmental law, which state that water should be an accessible natural resource to all peoples in order to supply their vital needs. Likewise, water resource policies are moving towards the principle that users should have direct participation on protection, conservation, and recovery of water resources. Furthermore, these policies take into account principles of precaution and prevention in order to keep water resources at acceptable supply levels and standard of quality. In order to promote the direct application of water policies, Amazon Basin countries have produced laws that incorporate some sort of management instruments. A look into the legal realm of water resources of Brazil, Venezuela, Peru, Colombia, Equador, Bolivia, and Guiana shows that in the Amazon Basin there are diverse water resource management systems, fact that generates management conflicts related to the homogeneity of decision and results.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Índice de salubridade ambiental (isa) aplicado ao municipio Belém do Estado do Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-10-25) COLINA, Valentina delos Ángeles Castillo; TEIXEIRA, Luiza Carla Girard Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9773700229115395
The main objective of this study was to adapt and apply the Environmental Health Index (ISA) in the municipality of Belém, in the state of Pará, using as reference the one developed by the Planning Chamber of the State Sanitation Council (CONESAN) in the state of São Paulo, the purpose of knowing the health conditions of urban areas and providing a tool that guides the management bodies to develop the right policies, use of resources and investment in adequate infrastructures and quality services. Secondary data obtained from the databases of the SNIS, PNAD and DATASUS were used to compose the ISA in a period of five (05) years (2012-2016); the following variables were worked out: basic water supply; sanitary sewage and solid waste, which are the aspects that most impact the quality and environmental health of a region, as well as the health aspect, which in the vector control component counted the incidence of dengue, leptospirosis and schistosomiasis. socioeconomic aspect, taking into account the variables of education, income and public health. Due to the lack of some data, the adaptation of the ISA was made, with the modification in the weights of the components, granted according to their importance. The research determined that the health situation of the urban area of the municipality of Belém is considered as "Low Health", with an average for the evaluated period of 26.61/100 points, the most critical areas being sanitary sewage and solid waste, revealing that public management does not provide these services adequately, which reflects on health and living conditions, in this way the ISA/Belém application has proven to be a viable and easy to apply method to aid in urban planning, a lot of data.