Dissertações em Neurociências e Comportamento (Mestrado) - PPGNC/NTPC

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Efeitos de justificativas sobre o seguir regras por participantes ortoréxicos.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-09-17) CARDOSO, Laís Caroline Ferreira; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
Introduction: The investigation of the variables involved in the establishment and maintenance of food behavior is important, mainly because the food ingested interferes in the survival of the organism. Eating disorders such as Ortorexia Nervosa can trigger impairment of social interaction of individuals. It is assumed that orthorexic behavior is controlled by rules associated with justifications. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate whether participants who present a repertoire of behaviors classified as orthorexic, tend to follow general rules associated with justifications or only food rules. Method: To do this, in the first stage of the research, 200 nutrition students from two colleges in Belém do Pará, the inflexibility questionnaire (to find adherents or not to follow rules) and the Orto-15 questionnaire as a means of research of orthorexic behavior. In the second stage, 12 participants (6 inflexible and 6 flexible) were exposed to a computerized version of the procedure of choice to experimentally evaluate the competition between control by justification for rule follow-up and control for immediate consequences. There were 4 phases, where in all, only the CEF, CFE, FEC, ECF and EFC sequences were reinforced immediately with points and participants only progressed to subsequent phases if they reached the stipulated score. In Phase 1 only the mentioned sequences were reinforced with exchangeable points for money in a continuous reinforcement scheme. Phase 2 had the FCE sequence (shape, color and thickness) as discrepant and only the CEF, CFE, FEC, ECF and EFC sequences were reinforced. In Phases 3 and 4 the FCE discrepancy rule was associated with type 5 justifications (verbal antecedents of what to observe: reports that may indicate examples of behaviors to be followed and examples of behaviors not to be followed) and again only the sequences CEF, CFE, FEC, ECF and EFC were strengthened. Results: Of the 200 students, 72% had a risk for orthorexia. In the second stage of the experiment, we had 12 participants, where only 8 went to phase 3 (6 flexible and 2 inflexible), 4 of these participants had a risk for developing orthorexic behavior (2 inflexible and 2 flexible) the rule follow-up and only 1 followed the discrepant rule until the end. The study showed that participants at risk for the development of orthorexia are good adherents of rules favorable to healthy eating, but that this is not valid for general rules associated with justifications of type 5, because they were under control of the immediate consequences.
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Relação entre neurogênese hipocampal e história clínica de pacientes adultos portadores de epilepsia refratária do lobo temporal.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-09-13) GAMA, Jessica Silva; SOUSA, Regina Célia Gomes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5576436464955236; LIMA, Silene Maria Araújo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8961057812067156
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by the permanent predisposition of the brain to generate epileptic seizures, which affects about 1% of the world population. In Brazil, the disease can reach 2% to 4% of the population. Most patients have a good prognosis for drug treatment, however 30% of patients are refractory to treatment. Among the epilepsies that do not present a good prognosis is the Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (ELT). ELT is characterized morphologically by a selective loss of hippocampal neurons, concomitantly with increased hippocampal neurogenesis. It is believed that this exacerbated neurogenesis contributes to epileptogenesis (onset of epilepsy); however, the role of this increased neurogenesis in patients with TLE remains unknown. We used hippocampus from patients with epilepsy, who underwent a surgical procedure in which unilateral hippocampal resection was performed. From the analysis of the same, a possible relationship between neurogenic patterns and the evolution of the disease was investigated. Interviews with patients who underwent surgery demonstrated that the triggering event (precipitant) of epilepsy occurred in the first years of life of the patients. In addition, they were high intensity events, and also presented a high frequency of epileptic seizures and drug refractoriness. Immunohistochemical analysis of hippocampi showed equivalently that there was a perceptible dispersion of the granule cell layer, indicating a possible ectopic migration in labeling for neuroblasts (immature neurons), which are generated in neurogenesis. The results obtained in this work are pioneer, given that they are based on both clinical and histopathological findings, and the relationship between hippocampal neurogenesis and clinical history proposes a new research vision. These findings may also help in a new perspective of differential treatment in temporal lobe epilepsies.
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Funcionamento cognitivo e Cerebral no tdah
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) MONTEIRO, Carolina Queiroz; GOULART, Paulo Roney Kilpp; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7800966999068746; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurobehavioral disorders in children and adolescents. Its high incidence has awakened the interest of several researchers, mainly in search of its causes. However, despite the efforts, the disorder etiology remains unclear and its diagnosis perseveres eminently in the clinical character.In the perspective of a better understanding of the disorder, the present study sought to investigate cognitive and cerebral functioning in children with ADHD, using electroencephalogram (qEEG) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - WISC IV; perform the correlation between the two instruments; and, explore a possible association of this pathology with environmental variables.The participants of this study were divided between the experimental group and the control group, composed of children from 06 to 12 years of age, of both sexes, respectively, with and without the diagnosis of ADHD. The 21-channel EEG was used to record resting neuronal activity, followed by the spectral decomposition of the 4 to 45 Hz frequency bands, divided into the theta, alpha, beta and gamma bands. The cognitive functioning was determined through the WISC IV, which in addition to the total IQ provided information on the following indexes: Verbal Comprehension Index (ICV), Operational Memory Index (IMO), Processing Speed Index (IVP) Perceptual (IOP). Sociodemographic questionnaires were used to collect the variables. The results of this research evidenced that in addition to the experimental group demonstrate a greater relationship with unfavorable psychosocial factors, it also presents lower scores in the WISC-IV and greater amplitudes in the frequencies of neuronal oscillations, studied in relation to the children in the control group. The correlation between qEEG and WISC IV results showed moderate and significant negative correlations of gamma frequency amplitude in both hemispheres with ICV and IVP indices in the control group, but not in the experimental group, as well as moderate negative and significant correlation of the frequency in the left hemisphere and IQ in the same group. The results obtained are in accordance with the majority of data found in the literature. Insofar as this disorder is multicausal, the union of the fields of knowledge offered in this work is important because it enables a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon through the association between brain, behavior and cognition.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Evidências de validade do male sexual function index em homens de diferentes orientações sexuais.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-11-23) SILVA, Adna Janaína de Araújo; SILVA JÚNIOR, Mauro Dias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2665950726942083; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8544-4468; GOULART, Paulo Roney Kilpp; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7800966999068746
Studies on factors involving male sexuality, such as sexual response (desire, arousal, erection, ejaculation, orgasm and satisfaction) and receptive anal sex usually have a clinical and pathological bias, especially in homosexual men. With the objective of investigating the male sexual response, we sought to find an instrument applicable to men with different sexual orientations that could be applied in a non-clinical population. From this general objective, the present dissertation is composed by two studies referring to the unfolding and difficulties to find a more comprehensive instrument possible. In study 1 a review of the literature was carried out in order to identify the instruments used to evaluate the sexual response of men from different orientations and from non clinical samples. As a main result, we found that only one instrument was broad enough to cover several aspects of the sexual response domains, the Male Sexual Function Index (MSFI), an instrument equivalent to that used to measure the female sexual response, which has already been validated in Brazil. From this, in study 2, we proposed to translate, adapt and verify the evidence of validity of the MSFI for Brazilian Portuguese, since it is a validated instrument in English and that measures five domains of sexual function (sexual desire, arousal, orgasm, erection and sexual/emotional satisfaction). In this study, the sample consisted of 206 heterosexual, 78 bisexual and 165 homosexual men, with sexual performances ranging from exclusively insertive to exclusively receptive, and the age was 18 to 65 years old. The results found indicated satisfactory internal consistency and correlations between the MSFI factors occurred according to the original version of the instrument. Regarding the external validity, the correlations occurred in the expected direction according to the literature. Although the adjustment index for the ejaculation factor was not satisfactory, the Male Sexual Function Index translated into the Portuguese language presented satisfactory evidence of validity. Therefore, it can be an important instrument to measure the sexual function of the male population of different sexual orientations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da utilização de jogos como intervenção lúdica no rendimento escolar: uma revisão integrativa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) TSUTSUMI, Myenne Mieko Ayres; JUNIOR, Mauro Dias Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2665950726942083; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8544-4468; GOULART, Paulo Roney Kilpp; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7800966999068746
A previous survey found that there are a considerable number of publications reporting the use of games as an effective method in educational context. However, the data that justify pedagogical practices need to be organized. The objectives of the present study were to perform an integrative review, which was divided into two parts: 1) systematic review of the literature on empirical research that investigated the effects of game play as a strategy for playful intervention in school performance and 2) discussion of as two behavioral sciences (i.e., Behavior Analysis and Ethology) with distinct, but complementary explanatory models may contribute to educational planning based on play behavior. In the systematic review we included empirical articles and/or experience/case reports describing the use of games as an intervention method for teaching formal school content; which were published in indexed journals; that mentioned or contained the previously defined keywords; and were published in English or Portuguese from January 2006 to December 2016. Two judges were responsible for collecting data and evaluating the relevance of articles in relation to inclusion criteria. Altogether, 141 articles were found, but only 19 were considered adequate to the criteria. It was found that children were the main participants; that electronic games were the most used; that mathematics was the discipline that concentrates the greatest number of studies; and that the use of games had the effect of improving students' academic performance. These results shed light on three important issues: 1) the need to include playful events in the context of teaching, planning and programming of learning making it meaningful for the student and the teacher; 2) to emphasize the importance of education as part of the scientific interests and, especially, of the behavioral sciences, since this way there will be collection and evaluation of evidences that support pedagogical methods and decisions; and 3) the integration between the contributions of Behavior Analysis and Ethology can help not only to understand the effect of games on learning but also to collaborate in alternative educational.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Opencards: uma nova proposta de ferramenta para estimava de limiares psicofísicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-27) CAMPOS, Yuri Sobral; GOULART, Paulo Roney Kilpp; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7800966999068746; SOUZA, Givago da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705421011644718; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4525-3971
The knowledge the value of psychophysical thresholds is essential for any sensory study. In order to define a threshold value, before knowing the limits of sensitivity and the results are produced with the same, it is necessary a use of methodologies and tests to obtain them. Currently, it is comprehensive and use of computerized and non-computerized tests for a visual evaluation, however, the standards of advantages and disadvantages. In general, all tests are done with methodologies around you. The present study proposes the development of a printed test for a visual evaluation of discrimination. For this was sought a product of easy portability and application. The OpenCards consists of a set of boards printed in high spatial resolution and high color quality. On the plates with a mosaic of randomly colored circles within 16 color options with a target that differs from the background by a luminance difference. Targets have a shape of square, triangle, circle and letter X. Targets differed from the background by 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 35%, 35%, 30%, 25% , 20%, 15%, 10%, 5% of luminance contrast. There was still no sign without the target. To show the use of the OpenCards two methods of application have been elaborated. The first method was performed in an environment with controlled lighting and standard for studies in visual system. Plates were shown in subjects in random order and a task of the subject to identify a shape of the object. The subject's response was recorded and the procedure repeated 8 times. The second method was performed in an ambient light environment. The experimenter showed the plates with the same target ordered in descending contrast and how they shuffled along with a blank plate and asked the subject tested how to order in decreasing contrasts using a higher contrast plate as a reference. The test was performed with all two-stroke sets. The response of the subject tested was recorded in both methods applied and a taxon of subject was adjusted to a Gaussian model for an estimate of the psychophysical threshold. The threshold was the value of the luminance contrast in which the Gaussian model estimated the accuracy of 50% accuracy for the first applied method and 75% for the second applied method. Eight subjects were evaluated in both methods and three subjects. The estimated average threshold with the first method was 23.5 ± 3 and the mean estimated method with the second method was 30.1 ± 6.5. The mean difference between the results obtained by the two methods was 7.3% ± 3. The statistical difference between the thresholds estimated by two methods (p <0.05). Since the following stations are to be used for different types of work, and especially for them, they are applied in each method. OpenCards proved to be easy to apply by the experimenter, portability and understanding of the task by the subject tested.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência da luminância de fundo em estímulos pseudoisocromáticos sobre a discriminação de cores
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) MOREIRA, Rodrigo Canto; GOULART, Paulo Roney Kilpp; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7800966999068746; SOUZA, Givago da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705421011644718; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4525-3971
Color perception is one of the most complex attributes of the human sensory system and contributes to survival in the expression of eating, reproductive, sexual, surveillance, and other behaviors. Pseudo-isochromatic stimuli are widely used for color vision assessment of humans and other primates. Despite the pervasive use, there are no norms for its application, each developer of these tests using varied stimulus configurations. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of background luminance on color discrimination in humans using pseudo-isochromatic stimuli. Ten trichromatic subjects of both sexes, aged 26 to 54 years (32.3 ± 8.3 years of age), normal visual acuity and no history of previous diseases that potentially affected the visual apparatus and / or nervous system were tested. To evaluate the influence of background luminance on color discrimination, a pseudo-isochromatic stimulus with spatial noise of size and luminance (luminance noise between 5 and 35 cd / m2) was used, with a background of 0 cd/m² illumination, 7.5 cd/m², 15 cd/m², 22.5 cd/m² and 30 cd/m 2. The target was composed of a set of central circles that formed a letter C, which presented different chromaticity in relation to the mosaic field in eight different chromatic axes (0º, 45º, 90º, 135º, 180º, 225º, 270°, 315°) around a chromaticity point of the CIE 1976 diagram (u '= 0.219; v' = 0.48). The color discrimination thresholds on each axis were estimated using a 4-alternative forced choice method and a staircase of 21 reversals, with a 2-hit rule for 1 error, and the threshold was calculated as the average of the last 15 reversals. The variation of color discrimination thresholds as a function of background luminance was dependent on the angle being studied. At angles 0°, 45°, 180° and 225°, the size of vectors in threshold perception were higher at 0 cd/m² and decreased sharply by 7.5 cd/m², where they reached their lowest values and remained low in conditions with higher background luminances. At angle 90°, the vector size was minimal in background luminance condition of 7.5 cd/m² and increased to higher and lower background luminance values. On vectors of angle 135°, 270° and 315° the color discrimination did not change significantly as a function of change background luminance. The area of color discrimination ellipse varied as a function of luminance stimulus background with a minimum value of 7.5 cd/m². The results show that the color discrimination is influenced by modification of luminance background of pseudoisochromatic stimulus. Activation of a red-green opposing mechanism and two blueyellow opposing mechanisms may explain the different influences of background variation in stimulus on discrimination of chromaticity in different axes. The results are important in understanding the physiology of perception of pseudo-isochromatic stimuli and search for a standardization use of these stimuli in clinical practice to facilitate comparison of results between different studies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação comportamental e eletrofisiológica do sistema visual em camundongos com anemia a partir de um modelo de colite aguda
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-31) GOMES, Luana Aparecida Silva; GOULART, Paulo Roney Kilpp; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7800966999068746; ROCHA, Fernando Allan de Farias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3882851981484245; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6148-1050
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are the main causes of anemia and iron deficiency and tend to affect metabolically active tissues distant from the inflammation areas, such as the retina. From this context, it is interesting to investigate the responsive behavior of the visual system through psychophysical and electrophysiological tests in animals with IBD. The main objective of the present work was to evaluate the behavioral and physiological changes of the visual system in mice with induced anemia, from an acute colitis model. For this purpose, 18 mice were used, divided into three groups: control; Colitis (induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS), and colitis mother (animals born from mothers with induced colitis). Induction with DSS was performed 6 days before the tests, which occurred in the period between 60 and 90 days of life of the subjects. After induction, the electrophysiological responses were collected using the full field electroretinogram as an electrophysiological measure. Scotopic responses (rods, mixed 1 and mixed 2) and photoptic responses (from cones 1 Hz, S cones and flicker at 12, 18, 24 and 30 Hz) were measured. In addition, behavioral tests were performed by training with drinking fountain and evaluation of the perception of contrast, through stimulation with sinusoidal grids, arranged in different frequencies. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA test, using Tukey post- test, considering (P <0.05) as significant. It was found a reduction in the response amplitudes in microvolts (μV) at 60 days in the following responses: b-wave of mixed 1 (colitis: 28.12 and ± 7.96, mother colitis 42.180 And ± 8,525), cone wave 1 Hz (colitis 39.85 and ± 12.74); Cones S (colitis 36.64 and ± 9.09 μV); 18 Hz Flicker (colitis: 25.12 ± 5.62, mother colitis: 38.37 ± 7.1); 24 hr (colitis: 22.46 ± 8.38, mother colitis: 29.41 ± 9.676) and 30 Hz (colitis: 14.4 ± 3.25, mother colitis: 27.13 ± 5.51). At 90 days, reduction in the b wave of rods (colitis: 57.06 ± 6.7), mixed 1 (colitis: 45.69 ± 7.86 and mother colitis: 56.03 ± 17.130), wave ‘a’ of photopic responses (Colitis, 25.1 ± 5.11) and cones S (colitis 31.04 ± 4.83), Flicker 18 Hz (colitis 29.1 ± 9.01) and Flicker 30 Hz (colitis: 41, 8 ± 5.09, mother colitis: 32.72 ± 11.4). There was an increase in implicit time in miliseconds (ms) in rods (colitis 24.68 ± 3.48 ms) and Flicker response of 12 Hz (colitis: 21.69 ± 4.65, mother colitis 22.14 ± 4.42) At 60 days. E cone S (colitis 13.35 ± 1.18) and Flicker 24Hz (mother colitis 28.4 ± 3.87) at 90 days. The behavioral tests showed a decrease in the responses of the colitis group and a delay in the learning on bar pressure response in comparison to the control group. Therefore, anemia impairs scotopic and photopic visual function, affecting rodent retinal cells with anemia and maternal anemia, as well entails in difficulties performing a behavioral learning task in the training performed at the operant conditioning box.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Função de sensibilidade ao contraste de luminância e de cor para estímulos de mosaico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) SANTOS, Patricia Seixas Alves; GOULART, Paulo Roney Kilpp; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7800966999068746; SOUZA, Givago da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705421011644718; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4525-3971
Natural images are compound of different blends of color and luminance. In the visual system, there are processing channels of color and luminance that have distinct sensitivities for both information. The parvocellular pathway has high sensitivity to red-green color contrast and low sensitivity to luminance contrast, and the magnocellular pathway has low sensitivity to red-green color contrast and high sensitivity to luminance contrast. Mosaic stimuli which combines color and luminance information may help us to understand how the visual system processes the information of color and luminance. This study aims to investigate the luminance and color contrast sensitivity function using stimuli that combine both information. Fifteen normal trichromats and 1 congenital dyschromatopsic participant were evaluated. To estimate the color contrast sensitivity function, we used stimuli with a pseudoisochromatic setting in which the test stimulus consists of a mosaic with size and luminance spatial noise. The target was compound by a red-green chromatic grating that differed from the background only by the chromaticity. To estimate the luminance contrast sensitivity function, we used stimuli with size and color spatial noise. The target was compound of a luminance contrast grating that differed from the background by the luminance. We used 9 spatial frequencies between 0,1 and 5,4 cpg. It was applied a twointerval forced choice method. The threshold was estimated by using a staircase of 20 reversions with a rule of2 hits to 1 error. The threshold was estimated with the last 14 reversions. To compare both functions, the thresholds estimated in each test were relativized in function of the higher sensitivity of each participant within each test. The observed color contrast sensitivity function showed a low-pass tuning, with higher contrast sensitivities on the medium and low spatial frequencies, while the luminance contrast sensitivity function presented a band-pass tuning, with decrease of the contrast sensitivity on the spatial frequencies that were higher and lower than 2,7 cpg. The results suggest that the threshold perception of both stimuli may have as physiological substrate, the activation of the parvocellular pathway or P pathway
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise comportamental e eletrofisiológica do uso de glicocorticoides no sistema nervoso central em modelos animais de depressão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-31) CARDOSO, Keilla Gisele Mendonça; GOMES, Daniela Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0014255351015569; LIMA, Silene Maria Araújo de; CV: http://lattes.cnpq.br/8961057812067156
Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid widely prescribed in Medicine, used as immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory as well as fluoxetine, which is an antidepressant, serotonin reuptake, which can be used at some point while aiming their respective purposes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the electroencephalographic abnormalities in animals administered with these drugs as well as the behavioral effects evaluated in an animal model of depression, forced swimming. The study was conducted in adult male Wistar rats subjected to administration of dexamethasone acute dose of 4 mg/kg, 24 hours before electrocorticographic record, and chronic, administered for seven days every 24 hours at a dose of 4 mg/kg i.p. Fluoxetine was administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg, for seven days orally with a similar tool the orogastric tube, gavage procedure. After administration, the electroencephalographic parameters of drug activity were recorded and analyzed. When comparing the acute administration of dexamethasone with chronic, there were no statistical differences, but there was a trend towards decreased Theta and Gamma force for chronic use. The group, who received fluoxetine averaged amplitude of 2,661 ± 0,5850 mV²/Hz x 10-3, proving fluoxetine efficacy in controlling depression caused by forced swimming. For the group received dexamethasone chronically and fluoxetine to reverse the power of the middle frame was 0.4758 ± 0.2514 mV²/Hz x 10-3, as there is no statistical difference between the dexamethasone group and dexamethasone fluoxetine, fluoxetine failed to reverse depressive symptoms caused by dexamethasone. In the forced swimming, the fluoxetine group had decreased fluctuation time, mean time of 45.33 ± 23.26 seconds, demonstrating that the group was not depressed. In the group administered with dexamethasone chronic form and assessed the possibility of reversing depressive disorder with fluoxetine immobility time average was 169.8 ± 24.5 seconds indicating that fluoxetine had no effect on the depression caused by chronic application of dexamethasone. We conclude from this study that the glucocorticoid cause changes in electrocorticogram and depression in the forced swimming test (FST). Fluoxetine got no effect on the rats subjected to the FST, after the use of dexamethasone.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Questões conceituais da análise do comportamento e neurociências na interface com educação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-31) OLIVEIRA, Julio Cezar Pereira de; GOULART, Paulo Roney Kilpp; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7800966999068746
Currently the work performed by different professionals in the face of a common demand (multi/inter/transdisciplinary work) is required in several knowledge application environments, among them the hospital, organizations and schools. This multi-looking work on the same object has also been developed in the field of scientific research. The objective of this study was to discuss points of convergence and theoretical divergences between Behavior Analysis and Neurosciences within the interface with the educational context. For this, a theoretical study was produced. Initially, a survey of behavioral and neuroscience analytical literature was carried out with educational bias. Later, the selected material was read and analyzed through two pre-defined categorization steps according to the objectives of the present study. It was found that both areas have significant production in the interface with education, with a variety of topics discussed and researched. The convergences found were about the role of the educator, which for the authors of both areas should be based on their theoretical assumptions. Disagreements were about the characterization of education / education. For Behavior Analysis, educating concerns the gaining of preparatory skills for group living and environmental manipulation. For neurosciences, education is related to changes in brain structures. It was concluded that the method used did not benefit that a significant sample of the literature was raised, considerably impairing the presentation of convergences and divergences between the two areas, making the study direction, substantially based on the similarity and differences survey, ineffective in Present the relevant points worked in the two fields of study. However, some of the objectives were achieved, and the present work was able to point out what is being produced at the interface between the researched areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Orientação sexual de gêmeos no norte do brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-12-22) BRANDÃO, Flávia Inêz Barbosa; MAGALHÃES, Mauricio Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7766377002832983; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7857-021X; SOUSA, Regina Célia Gomes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5576436464955236
The twin’s method can provide an effective way to estimate the effect of phylogenetic and ontogenetic factors on behavior. However, when reviewing the literature, it was noticed that in Brazil the studies with twins are recent and no research has yet been found on any aspect of sexuality using this methodology. Thus, in this exploratory study, the objective was to investigate the sexual orientation of twins in a sample in the northern region of the country. The twins responded, online and in person, to an inventory of zygosity, a socioeconomic questionnaire and Klein's sexual orientation grid. A total of 140 adult twins participated in this study, distributed in 42 pairs of monozygotic, 18 pairs of dizygotic and 20 individuals whose cotwins did not respond to the instruments. The participants' ages ranged from 18 to 37 years, with a mean age of 24.6 years. 69.3% of the twins were classified as monozygotic and 30.7% as dizygotic. Regarding sexual orientation, 64.9% of monozygotic individuals identified themselves as heterosexual only and 8.2% as gay only. While 65.1% of the dizygotic identified themselves as heterosexual only and 9.3% as gay only. The pairs of monozygotic twins presented significant intraclass correlation values for the three variables of sexual orientation investigated: "sexual attraction", "sexual behavior" and "self-identity", analyzed in three periods (past, present and ideal). Showing a concordance rate that varied between 28% and 42%. However, among the dizygotic twin pairs there was no correlation. The results indicated that aspects related to sexual orientation are not permanent, demonstrating that sexual orientation can be a dynamic process. These results were not sufficient to provide evidence that aspects related to sexual orientation are influenced by both genetic factors and environmental variables. For this, a larger number of participants and statistical analyzes of heritability would be necessary. Based on this study, a voluntary registry of twins was created in this region, which may contribute to novel studies, with a greater range of samples, mainly dizygotic, and more representative of non-heterosexual sexual orientations, allowing new discussions to be developed for a greater understanding of sexual orientation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Revisão integrativa sobre conceitos analítico-comportamentais relacionados ao desenvolvimento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) JIMÉNEZ, Érika Larissa de Oliveira; JÚNIOR, Mauro Dias Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2665950726942083; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8544-4468; GOULART, Paulo Roney Kilpp; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7800966999068746
Behavioral analytic concepts related to Development were reviewed on an integrative review: behavioral traps, cumulative-hierarchical learning, pivotal behaviors and behavioral cusps. From the review, possibilities of dialogue and boundaries between Behavior Analysis (BA) and the Developmental Systems Approach (DSA) were discussed. The CAPES Journal Portal for the search and only peer-reviewed articles published between 1967 and December 2016, written in English or Portuguese, that contained exactly the search terms in the title, abstract or keywords were selected. After the application of these criteria and the elimination of repetitions, 25 articles were selected. The analysis pointed out to behavioral traps as a concept dealing with specific social arrangements not controlled experimentally related to broad changes in repertoire. Cumulative-hierarchical learning (CHL) occur as long learning processes and tend to become more complex throughout the lifespan. The basic behavioral repertoires (BBR) would refer to the influence of prior learning about the current repertoire. Both, CHL and BBR, are imprecise in their definitions, especially in the case of BBR. Pivotal behaviors and behavioral cusps have similarities regarding the phenomena they cover, behaviors that are critical to development. However, behavioral cusp is considered more comprehensive. From the approach between Behavior Analysis and the Developmental Systems Approach, it was verified that although they are independent disciplines, there is similarity between some concepts of BA with concepts and principles of DSA. Interlocution between BA and DSA can contribute to broadening the scope of variables that can be used in a behavioral investigation by questioning developmental phenomena formerly designated as exclusively biological.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização da orientação espacial em pacientes idosos com doenças neurodegenerativas em ambientes previamente conhecidos.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-17) COSTA, Bruno Leonardo Simões da Costa; GOULART, Paulo Roney Kilpp; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7800966999068746; HENRIQUES, Alda Loureiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6031840881584358
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Expressões vocais e interação social em macacos-prego (sapajus sp.).
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) RIBEIRO, Bruno Diego Lima; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
Communication is an intrinsic characteristic of living beings. Each animal communicates with others of its own or of other species in the characteristic forms of their respective groups. In social interactions individuals produce communicative signals that specify or predict likely behavioral changes in other individuals, whose responses, in turn, also generate likely behavioral changes in the former. Vocalization is an important element in animal communication and the investigation of its functions can constitute a comparative model for understanding the evolution of human communication. This study aimed to identify symbolic phenomena of communication between capuchin-monkeys (Sapajus sp.) in social interactions. Activities and social interactions in defined periods throughout the day were observed through the methods of scan sample and ad libitum. Vocalizations emitted in spontaneous occurrences (agonistic, alarm and feeding) and in planned experiments (alarm production) were recorded and described. Recordings of the vocalizations were presented to the individuals, and the behavioral responses were recorded and described. The behavior observed in captivity, compared to records in nature, presents alterations as a restricted diversity of social interactions, for example. In the vocal repertoire we identified different vocalizations related to specific behaviors, appropriate to the context. Our results are in agreement with indications of brain plasticity and social complexity of the Sapajus genus.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos do uso de histórias infantis sobre o reconhecimento de expressões faciais de emoções em crianças com autismo.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-26) LIMA, Anne Abreu de; GAROTTI, Marilice Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2218504886013525; PARACAMPO, Carla Cristina Paiva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9018003546303132
Between the deficits in communication and social interaction often observed in individuals with autism, highlights the difficulty in recognizing facial expressions of emotion. This is one of the most important skills for social interactions are effective, studies have sought to develop teaching procedures of this competence. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the use of children's stories, in training for the recognition of facial expressions of emotion in children with autism. The study included six children diagnosed with autism, at mild to moderate with age between 6 to 7 years. The procedure consisted of five phases: Pre-Testing, Training, Post-Test, Test of generalization and Follow-Up. It was used in the pre and post-test 40 stimuli composed of drawings and photographs of faces (of different ages and races) with four different facial expressions - happiness, sadness, anger and fear. The pre-test and post-test consisted of 10 attempts. In each trial were presented four different stimuli with the four expressions and it was required that the participant pointed to figure with the words requested. In training were used 20 stories, five on each one of the expressions. The stories were submitted and, after, was asked to participant pointing the figure corresponding to words highlighted in history. The test of generalization was composed of video presentation of four stories (one of each facial expression). After watching the video was requested to participant pointing to the figure corresponding to words highlighted in the video. The Follow-up consisted in the production of the test of generalization, four weeks after the application of the first test. The criterion of change of Pré-Teste to the training was 70% of errors and the training for the post - Test to test the generalization was 90%. The results showed that all participants did not identify facial expressions of emotion in the pre-test, but began to recognize them after training and showed widespread performance of recognition of emotions in the test of Generalization. I Follow - up only participants P1, P2, P3, and P6 maintained the test performance of generalization. These results indicate that the use of children's stories is a feature of play - effective teaching to teach the recognition of facial expressions of emotion to children with autism.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Teste de equivalência e exame eletrofisiológico em pessoas acometidas por acidente vascular cerebral com e sem comprometimento cognitivo.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-27) PARANHOS, Alna Carolina Mendes; SOUZA, Givago da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705421011644718; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4525-3971; PARACAMPO, Carla Cristina Paiva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9018003546303132
Stroke is a neurological dysfunction caused by an abnormality in the cerebral circulation. About 30% of the victims will present cognitive impairment three months after the injury and 10% some type of dementia. In the area of Neuroscience and Behavior, studies have suggested that the N400 component is activated both in semantic choice tasks and in equivalence tests. The present study aimed (1) to study the learning of conditional relations and equivalence test in stroke survivors with and without cognitive impairment and (2) to verify the occurrence and quality of the N400 component in diferent stimuli conditions with the presentation of equivalent and non-equivalent pairs, before and after training of conditional relations and equivalence test. Eighteen participants (nine in each study) distributed into three groups - Control Group (GC), composed of healthy adults; And two Experimental Groups, stroke patients without cognitive impairment (GE1) and patients with cognitive impairment (GE2). In Study 1, all participants were exposed to a training structure of arbitrary conditional relations AB, AC and AD, and subsequent equivalence test. Study 2 was identical to Study 1 regarding the conditional teaching protocol used, the difference was in the event-related potential records in the participants, before and after the equivalence method. The results of Study 1 and 2 suggest that the teaching protocol used was effective in establishing arbitrary conditional relations and equivalence classes for GC and GE1 participants but not effective for participants in GE2. In Study 2, the occurrence of the N400 component was ob served in the four stimulation conditions in the event-related potential records of the Participants P21 (GC), P23 (GC) and P24 (GE1), in the Participant P26 (GE1) in three stimulation conditions and in Participants P27 (GE2) and P29 (GE2) in none of the four stimulation conditions. The results suggest a direct relation between the degree of learning of conditional relations and the formation of equivalence classes with the occurrence and quality of the N400 component. The present study extends the analyzes of this correlation when conducting the experiments with a population of stroke, with and without cognitive impairment, having great applicability in the context of cognitive evaluation and rehabilitation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem da resposta de arrastar um cursor numa tela sensível ao toque em macacosprego (Sapajus spp.).
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-11-07) SERIQUE, Igor Dias; MONTEIRO, Dionne Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4423219093583221; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
Longlived animals have expressive motor development during life time. Fine movements are part of the adaptation to environmental needs. Movements improve with exercise while antecipation of obstacles and movement corrections are learned as a function of results obtained. With the new interactive computer technologies, the use of the touchscreen now requires a number of movements to accomplish tasks that involve the understanding of the stimulus presented and the relations among them. Studies on the manual skill and the use of tools in capuchin monkeys indicate that besides the touch the capuchin monkey would be able, for example, to "drag" stimuli between two conspicuous points on the screen after shaping of this response. This study is an original experience of teaching capuchins to drag stimuli to a target, a first step for later studies including targets and decoys. Four capuchins served as subjects (genera Sapajus spp.) of this study that aimed to verify whether capuchin monkeys would learn to drag stimuli on a "touchscreen". After the shapping of the response by differential reinforcement the subjects were trained to drag a circle presented in the center of the screen until reaching a gradually larger circle around it. Results showed that the drag response, including simple and conditional “drag to a target” can be used with these subjects, and will possibly allow a new generation of research on cognition and symbolic potential, allowing to teach new stimulus relations repertoires and emergent relations tests.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos da liberação de reforçadores durante o intervalo entre tentativas sobre desempenho no emparelhamento ao modelo com atraso em sapajus spp.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-10-10) LEAL, Tamyres Roberta Colares; ROCHA, Fernando Allan de Farias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3882851981484245; BRINO, Ana Leda de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9930065472602966
Studies with pigeons have shown that releasing reinforcers during the Intertrial Interval (ITI) on simple and conditional discrimination tasks can produce a drop on the stimulus control. In the case of conditional discrimination, the literature suggests that the conditions that deteriorate the performance involve the reinforcer’s release at the end or during all the ITI, in other words, when the reinforcer is released next to the beginning of a new trial. This study had the objective to investigate the effects of releasing of reinforcers during the ITI on the performance on the identity delayed-matching-to-sample task (DMTS) with three capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.). Each trial was initiated by presenting a sample stimulus; after the emission of five touches to the sample, it was initiated a delay and, at the end of the delay, comparison stimuli were presented so the choice response would occur. Correct responses were followed by the release of 190 mg banana’s pellet and by the ITI and incorrect responses were followed just by the ITI. The sessions were composed by trials with 1 s, 5 s, and 20 s delay and 30 s ITI. In order to study the effects of free reinforcer releasing , a 190 mg pellet was released also during the ITI, according to five conditions, which sequence was random and differed between subjetcs: Early – free reinforcer released 5 s after the beginning of the ITI; Middle – release 15 s after the beginning of the ITI; Late – release 25 s after the beginning of the ITI; All – release 5 s, 15 s and 25 s after the beginning of the ITI; and, None – there was no reinforcement release during the ITI. These conditions were applied in two procedures. On the first, named Maintenance, just one set of stimuli was used on all conditions of manipulation of reinforcement; on the second, named Acquisition, each ix condition presented a specific stimulus set. No effect of different conditions of free reinforcer releasing was observed on the general performance of the subjects. However, on the Acquisition procedure, it was verified a decay on the performance on the trials with maximum delay, 20 s, though the conditions of releasing reinforcement that affected the performance at these trials were different between the subjects. The result of one of the three subjects was similar to what was found on the literature, the deterioration on the performance on the trials with the longest delay, 20 s, occurred on the conditions in which the reinforcement was released at the end or during all the ITI. The other participants showed decay on the conditions in which there was no reinforcement during the ITI or when the release occurred at the beginning or end of the ITI. We suggest, for future researches, to test the same performances under the same conditions with new sets of stimuli seeking intra-subject replication and later to use trials with delays longer than the 20 s, according to the training history in different delays of each subject.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos da estrutura gramatical e da entonação da voz na identificação de frases do tipo ordem e sugestão.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-10-06) PANTOJA, Maelly Larissa Mendes; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108; PARACAMPO, Carla Cristina Paiva; lattes.cnpq.br/9018003546303132
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether Grammatical Structure and Intonation of voice are relevant variables for the identification of a verbal stimulus as an Order and/or a Suggestion, or even, if one or other of these two characteristics is more relevant to the occurrence of this identification. The study included 180 students (between 18 and 30 years) of several undergraduate courses, which were exposed to fourteen different phrases which varied in content, Grammatical Structure and Intonation. The phrases in Portuguese were presented with the Grammatical Structure of Order (three phrases) and Suggestion (three phrases), each presented with two Intonations - Order and Suggestion - phrase in Mandarin was also presented with the same two intonations; totaling 14 phrases. The phrases were presented randomly to participants, through an audio recording. The task was to record on worksheet answer the corresponding option so that identified be the phrase: Order, Suggestion or None of the Above. The participants were divided into two groups, Group I and Group II, which differed only in the voice used in audio recording. The results of the Set 1 - composed by phrases with Structure of Order and Intonation of Suggestion and Order - showed that the participants of Group I chose to 55.2% and the Group II 58.9% of the time the option Order when the Grammatical Structure does not match the Intonation and that 93.3% and 93.7% of responses of participants' choices of Groups I and II, respectively, was the option Order when the Grammatical Structure corresponded to Intonation. The results of the Set 2 - composed by phrases with Structure of Suggestion and Intonation of Suggestion and Order - indicated that the Group I 48.5% of phrases were identified as Order and in Group II 54.4% as Suggestion when the Grammatical Structure does not match the intonation and that in Group I and II 91.1% and 89.3% of the phrases, respectively, were identified as Suggestion when the Grammatical Structure corresponded to Intonation. The results of the Set 3 - composed of phrases in Mandarin with Intonation of Order and Suggestion - showed that the participants of Group I were 85.6% and in Group II 70% of the time the option None of the Above when the Intonation was of Order and that the participants of Group II were 85.6% of Group I and 82.2% the option None of the Above when the Intonation was Suggestion. These results indicate that the control by the Grammatical Structure prevailed under the control by the Intonation of the voice in the identification of phrases as being of type Order or Suggestion.