Teses em Sociologia e Antropologia (Doutorado) - PPGSA/IFCH
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/8829
O Doutorado Acadêmico pertence ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia e Antropologia (PPGSA) é vinculado ao Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (IFCH) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).
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Navegando Teses em Sociologia e Antropologia (Doutorado) - PPGSA/IFCH por Orientadores "TEISSERENC, Maria José da Silva Aquino"
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Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Arena pública, dominação e resistência em um território amazônico: o fórum de desenvolvimento sustentável das ilhas de Belém-PA (2006-2020)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-11-24) LOPES, João Luiz da Silva; TEISSERENC, Maria José da Silva Aquino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1799861202638255This study discusses the way in which island riverside communities in the cities of Belém and Acará, state of Pará-Brazil, mobilized and participated in the Public Arena / Forum of Sustainable Development of the Islands, to claim their rights regarding health, education, sanitation, water supply, public security, electric / solar energy, income generation and overcome its invisibility. To analyze this problem, was adopted as a framework for analysis the sociological approach to collective action by Daniel Cefaï, Veiga and Mota (2011), which privileges the local situations that are at the origin of the constitution of public arenas. The study requires a descriptive qualitative approach in which the collection of information / data was carried out through informal conversation; participant observation in events such as: meetings, deliveries of food baskets, toys and school supplies, visits and collective initiatives; documents research (project, plans, reports and meeting minutes); and open interviews with active people from the island riverside communities, the government, religious institutions, NGOs of research and extension. The results indicate that in a territorial context historically marked by clientelistic socio-political relations, it is reasonable to consider this experience of participation and mobilization as an important event, which constitutes political education, with the necessary learning towards the inclusion of this subordinated segment in the decision-making process regarding public policies of their interest. This mobilization benefited from the essential support of technicians from public agencies, specialists from universities and politicians from the progressive field to encourage the complaint against injustices inherited from colonization, maintained and updated by the domination system, with perverse effects impregnated in the set of relations with the active people of the local power system - what is called coloniality. The mobilization faced resistance from a certain conception that it sees as island riverside communities as backward and doomed to disappear. The strategies of the riverside people have contributed to the politicization of local challenges, but have been limited by several elements, such as the absence of an innovative legal apparatus, disregard for the unequal conditions of participation, the use of inadequate methodologies, the lack of appreciation of the work of translators / mediators, the lack of recognition of the subject's diversity of ontologies, an incomprehension of the different cosmologies and epistemologies, factors that worked as barriers to mobilize and also question the traditional domination system on which local power is based.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Recomposição socioterritorial em contexto de mineração: Utopia e distopia do PAE Juruti Velho – Pará, Baixo Amazonas(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-16) MIRANDA, Tania Nazarena de Oliveira; TEISSERENC, Maria José da Silva Aquino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1799861202638255This work, from an informed perspective in the sociology of public action, challenges the complex relationships that took place between communities and the mining company Alcoa, from 2009, in Juruti Velho, district of Juruti (Baixo Amazonas). The research privileged observations about the Juruti Velho Agroextractivist Project, as an initiative inscribed in the developments in terms of the socio-territorial recomposition produced with the aluminum exploration venture, thus inaugurating, at the same time, a conflict arena involving traditional communities, publics agents, corporations, catholic Church and social movements, actors of different backgrounds and relevance. In this process, there are experiences of intense conflicts resulting from internal differences in the communities, somehow related to the presence of mining activities and interests in that territory. The data collected resulted from a methodological approach close to action research with involved riverside communities. Interviews, direct observations at meetings of the association to which 53 local communities are affiliated, as well as photographic records constitute the techniques by which the basis of data and information was built, in which it was identified as emblematic of the rupture of neighborhoods ties previously witnessed by the practice of puxiruns (group work aimed at completing a task more quickly). An important practice in a social recomposition of the territory, through local actions with which the communion of utopias was an agglutinating element. Thus, in Juruti Velho there will be an intense process of articulation and popular mobilization aiming at recognition as a traditional community and, through this recognition, the titling of their lands. As a result of this process, the management of royalties, paid as a counterpart to the bauxite mining rights, is now carried out by the communities in order to promote the sustainable development of the territory. It is through this management, here interpreted as territorial, and its dynamics in terms of utopias and dystopias, involving the representatives of the communities involved in the Juruti Velho Agroextractivist Project, as well as in the process of resignification of the puxiruns, which sought to understand the contradictory relations between the communities and the mining company, and in them what is projected as a future in relation to the territory, object in which, and around which, actors mobilize to reach a goal, in this case, the control of their management, according to with the demands of sustainable development. It is understood that the harnessing of royalties under the management of the Association of Riverside Juruti Velho (Acorjuve), while, at the same time, signifying achievements, integrated a territorial recomposition, bringing challenges faced with the resignification of traditional social practices such as puxirum, thus enabling new prospects for the future of the territory.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) As reservas extrativistas como ação pública local: comparando as experiências socioterritoriais de Frechal e Cururupu na Amazônia maranhense(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-29) COSTA, Gercilene Teixeira da; TEISSERENC, Maria José da Silva Aquino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1799861202638255The Extractivists Reserves (Resex) are typical conservation units from Brasil, belonging to the public domain and given to the traditional populations for the use and lengthy extraction of natural resources. In this study, they have been analyzed as a public action tool, built from the interaction between various social actors who work within a conflictual process of agricultural fights in Brazilian Amazonia, and the patronage of the government which adopted them as an environmental tool of territorial control. Considering that the Resex are tools of the local public action, that study analyzed the social and territorial experiences Mof two Resex located in Brazilian Amazonia, the Resex Quilombo of Frechal and the Resex Marinha of Cururupu, in order to better understand this tool's applications and ongoing public actions being conducted on these territories. Between other things, the study revealed different ownerships and interpretations of the tool, as well as territorial conceptions based on identity elements. In Frechal, the territorial recomposition entailed a new awareness of a quilombola identity, diacritical and given a new meaning, generating tensions within the territory. In Cururupu, this recomposition was achieved through a new touristic. The main conclusion of that study is that the Resex encompass a workforce which develop and show its differences from the interactions and feelings of the social actors. As local public action tools, the Resex are not static and reduced to the tool, but instead, produce further and independant effects than those initially planned. The dynamic process and the new awareness of the social actors then become essential in the construction of public action. The Extractivists Reserves (Resex) are typical conservation units from Brasil, belonging to the public domain and given to the traditional populations for the use and lengthy extraction of natural resources. In this study, they have been analyzed as a public action tool, built from the interaction between various social actors who work within a conflictual process of agricultural fights in Brazilian Amazonia, and the patronage of the government which adopted them as an environmental tool of territorial control. Considering that the Resex are tools of the local public action, that study analyzed the social and territorial experiences Mof two Resex located in Brazilian Amazonia, the Resex Quilombo of Frechal and the Resex Marinha of Cururupu, in order to better understand this tool's applications and ongoing public actions being conducted on these territories. Between other things, the study revealed different ownerships and interpretations of the tool, as well as territorial conceptions based on identity elements. In Frechal, the territorial recomposition entailed a new awareness of a quilombola identity, diacritical and given a new meaning, generating tensions within the territory. In Cururupu, this recomposition was achieved through a new touristic. The main conclusion of that study is that the Resex encompass a workforce which develop and show its differences from the interactions and feelings of the social actors. As local public action tools, the Resex are not static and reduced to the tool, but instead, produce further and independant effects than those initially planned. The dynamic process and the new awareness of the social actors then become essential in the construction of public action.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) "Salve o Itapecuru": aspectos público e político da emergência de um território sob as exigências da ambientalização(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-14) MUSSARA, Raissa Moreira Lima Mendes; CARDOSO, Denise Machado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685857306168366; TEISSERENC, Maria José da Silva Aquino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1799861202638255This work aimed at understanding and monitoring of dynamics involving the use and management of natural resources in the state of Maranhão. In this context we highlight the Itapecuru river as dynamic target of public action directed towards its use and management, that is, government actions, alone or with private actors that attempt to respond to situations perceived as "problems." Thus, the question is: How, along the ancient and recent history, society and the state have been making use of the Itapecuru river water and how this use commit the life and health of this river? The State is materializing actions to repair the damage historically accumulated in the life of the river to ensure its durability and use by current and future generations? In order to answer these questions the research was made up from field work using the ethnographic method to characterize the social setting in the city Itapecuru Mirim / MA, combined with the implementation of semi-structured interviews with state government officials. Analyzes were performed with legal and procedural frameworks related to the observed issues. In the adopted approach to the systematization of observation of such public action dynamic the emergence of a "public problem" the mobilization of groups directly affected by a considered prejudicial situation to their interests was observed, and the presence and discussion in the public space, as well as the emergence of a "political problem" as inscribed on a government agenda, seeking to understand what the conditions and the effects of the passage of the public question the political issue, domain issues of public action sociology (Lascoumes and Le Galès, 2005 ) especially the sociology that deals with policy responses to environmental issues (Lascoumes, 2012). Through research it was found that environmental issues are outside the traditional administrative territorial divisions and the relationship between social actors and between them and the resources emerging challenges require responses capable of articulating different interests and perspectives on a river-territory subject to intervention political, technical and economic, in permanent construction from local actions. The context of institutional precariousness regarding the answers to the "ambientalização" or "environmentalization", requirements is revealed in the lack of arenas to debat environmental degradation that is exposed to Itapecuru river and basin in overlapping actions, in the absence of interventions articulating scales space and different territories, and in the chaotic management of resources, which is strongly related to undemocratic power structures at the local and state levels, which makes the relationship not only between actors, but between policies that enable the inclusion of environmental issues in management of local public interest and social policies that address the complexity of public action.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Tecnologia social para qualidade de vida em territórios de conservação: reservas de desenvolvimento sustentável Mamirauá e Amanã Amazonas(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12-12) NASCIMENTO, Ana Claudeise Silva do; MOURA, Edila Arnaud Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2154370107837866; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0093-8464; TEISSERENC, Maria José da Silva Aquino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1799861202638255The concept of Social Technology (ST) has been used—within academy and beyond—to mark the boundaries of a domain that is critical of the common positionings of technological determinism and scientific neutrality. The relationship between science, technology and society has resulted in a political agenda that aims to enhance local transformations, citizenship and social inclusion, by coordinating knowledge and practice, and to promote social emancipation. It is in this context, drawing from theoretical studies on science, technology and society, that the present work approached its subject. The research problem was defined in an analytical framework involving the nexus: “conservation unit; social technology; quality of life”, based on an experiment undertaken by the Sustainable Development Institute Mamirauá (IDSM). The aforementioned institute is an active protagonist in tackling technical-scientific problems such as inadequate drinking water and electricity in rural communities of Amazon floodplains. The main objective of the thesis is to analyze the diversity of effects and changes triggered by the IDSM in two riverside communities, located in the Sustainable Development Reserves Mamirauá and Amanã (Médio Solimões region), based on their access to other types of knowledge and technologies. The technologies were developed or reapplied by the IDSM with a technical-scientific perspective, aiming to promote quality of life among the local population as a component of sustainable use environmental conservation. The STs under analysis were water pumped from a river and household lighting, both using photovoltaic solar energy. To this end, the following aspects were considered: the social management—collective or individual—of a new technology proposed by a community; ways in which the aforementioned systems were appropriated; and the challenges and conflicts that interfered in their introduction and use. The methodological approach was designed by combining quantitative and qualitative research procedures, including bibliographic review, participant observation, ethnography and semi-structured interviews. Databases compiling demographic and socio-economic surveys of the Mamiraua and Amanã Sustainable Development Reserves, from the years 2001, 2002, 2006 and 2011, were analyzed to identify changes in the families’ lives throughout those years. Qualitative research also allowed the participating families’ perceptions on such changes to be evidenced. The findings indicate that, beyond reaching technical success, a series of measures are required as pertains to the social organization and use of the technologies. In this respect, consideration of the following factors would allow the concept of social technology to be understood in a broader fashion: the degree of the families’ involvement in the process of implementing the ST—in installation and maintenance—; the creation of mechanisms to ensure the systems’ sustainability; the creation of an internal standard and the instatement of a maintenance fund to buy spare parts and repair damages to the equipment; continued training to ensure local technical knowledge, and; follow-up of service failures and interruptions, in addition to user satisfaction. Such mechanisms are necessary as social technologies inherently incorporate innovative forms of organization and participation of the population as concerns the use of available resources.