Navegando por Assunto "Brasil"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
An estimate of the potential number of mayfly species (Ephemeroptera, Insecta) still to be described in Brazil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-07) MATOS, Mylena Neves Cardoso; FEITOZA, Yulie Shimano; NABOUT, João Carlos; JUEN, Leandro
This study reviewed the data on the Brazilian Ephemeroptera, based on the studies published before July, 2013, estimated the number of species still to be described, and identified which regions of the country have been the subject of least research. More than half the species are known from the description of only one developmental stage, with imagoes being described more frequently than nymphs. The Brazilian Northeast is the region with the weakest database. Body size affected description rates, with a strong tendency for the larger species to be described first. The estimated number of unknown Brazilian species was accentuated by the fact that so few species have been described so far. The steep slope of the asymptote and the considerable confidence interval of the estimate reinforce the conclusion that a large number of species are still to be described. This emphasizes the need for investments in the training of specialists in systematics and ecology for all regions of Brazil to correct these deficiencies, given the role of published papers as a primary source of information, and the fundamental importance of taxonomic knowledge for the development of effective measures for the conservation of ephemeropteran and the aquatic ecosystems they depend on.
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Análise do modelo de gestão da incubadora PIEBT sob a perspectiva do isomorfismo organizacional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-10-22) OLIVEIRA, Iara Neves; NASCIMENTO, Durbens Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4086120226722277
This study aims to analyze the management of a business incubator, the Programa de Incubação de Empresas de Base Tecnológica (PIEBT) – the Technological Base Business Incubation Program. Starting from a qualitative and quantitative approach, we seek to portray the management process of the oldest Amazon business incubator, identifying its context and the level of adequacy of their practices to the newest model of management incubators, Centro de Referência para Apoio a Novos Empreendimentos (CERNE) – Reference Center for Support of New Ventures. For this, we discourse about the business incubation, discussing some management concepts and some concepts of institutional theory. The results showed that the management has central focus in the process of hatching and raising funds and its adequacy to the CERNE is predominantly early stage, but that, even for pressures of organizational field, the implementation model is a goal to be achieved. It was also concluded that the management of PIEBT is surrounded by pressures that tend to isomorphism.
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Análise dos índices dos efeitos multiplicadores e das ligações para trás e para frente da renda, do produto e do emprego: uma abordagem a partir da matriz de contabilidade social do Brasil
(Universidade Salvador, 2018-08) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; CARVALHO, David Ferreira
The main objective of this paper is to analyze the multiplier effects of income, output and employment, as well as the inter-sectorial backward and forward linkages of income, output and employment of the key industries of the Brazilian economy in the years 2000, 2005 and 2010, based on Social Accouting Matrix (SAM) of Brazil. The research sought to analyze the interactive impacts caused by the transformation industry in its own internal sectors and sectors of other industries that form the Brazilian industrial system. The chain indices of dispersion power and dispersion sensitivity of the manufacturing industry over all sectors of the industrial system of the Brazilian economy based on SAM were also analyze. The article found that income that exceeds the portion of the purchase of inputs was spending by households, using the channels that result in extra demand on the products of the agricultural sector, through the liquid circular effect of Stone. Therefore, it strengthened demand links, which, in turn, catalyzed the process that led to the spread of national GDP growth. The role of the manufacturing industry is thus perceive as a key industry for the country's economy, especially as the back bond index and the forward index are high and their coefficients of variation low.
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Análise espacial da epidemia de HIV entre homens jovens no Brasil: um estudo ecológico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-21) MARTINS, Cleyton Abreu; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530
Introduction: Globally, it is estimated that for every seven new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, two occur among young people. Spatial analysis studies are essential tools in the fight against HIV. Objective: To spatially analyze the Brazilian historical scenario of the HIV epidemic among young men, from 2007 to 2021. Methods: An ecological study that used secondary databases from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. All cases of HIV and immunologically acquired disease syndrome (AIDS) among men between 15 and 29 years of age and with fixed residence in Brazil were considered. The 5,570 Brazilian municipalities were considered as the unit of analysis and the HIV/AIDS incidence rate standardized by age group as a variable. The following spatial analysis techniques were used: 1) Spatial Distribution, 2) Spatial Autocorrelation and 3) Spatial Scan. Results: 108,392 cases of HIV were reported in Brazil among young men during the study period. The Southeast Region had the highest incidence rates, followed by the Northeast, South, North and Midwest regions. The HIV epidemic showed territorial expansion in all Brazilian regions, with the exception of the southern region, which contracted. Although there has been a decrease in the number of hotspots in all regions, in the North and Northeast regions there has been an expansion in the size of hotspots. There was no expansion of coldspots in the regions. The space-time risk zones were comprised between 2015 and 2021 and all were formed by state capitals and surrounding municipalities. Conclusion: The different behaviors of the HIV epidemic in Brazilian regions may be associated with different regional sociopolitical scenarios. The consolidation, expansion and emergence of new hotspots point to locations where the fight against HIV among young people should be strengthened. The space-time risk analysis shows that the highest HIV detection rates occur in municipalities with higher demographic densities, and the long time period suggests fragility in policies to combat the virus. For the elimination of HIV, greater integration of municipalities, states and the federal government is necessary in the search for greater social equity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise espacial da epidemia do HIV entre mulheres brasileiras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-25) BEZERRA, Ana Luisa Lemos; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530
INTRODUCTION: The detection rate of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among women has been decreasing in recent years. However, an epidemiological diagnosis at the national level is necessary to detail this behavior of the epidemic in this population, since the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remains the main cause of mortality among women aged 15 to 49 years. OBJECTIVE: To spatially analyze the historical scenario of the HIV epidemic in Brazil, among women from 15 years of age, from 2007 to 2020. METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN: Ecological study that used secondary databases of the Information System of Notifiable Diseases considering as unit of analysis the 5,570 Brazilian municipalities. All cases of HIV and AIDS among women living in Brazil were considered. The following spatial analysis techniques were used: 1) Spatial Distribution, 2) Spatial Autocorrelation and 3) Spatio-temporal risk analysis. RESULTS: There was a territorial decrease in the HIV epidemic throughout Brazil, but less decrease in the North, Northeast and Midwest regions. There was a decrease in the number of hotspost clusters (neighboring municipalities with a high incidence rate) throughout Brazil. However, some consolidated with expansion or contraction. Bahia, Paraná and Piauí were the only Brazilian states with coldspot clusters (neighboring municipalities with a low incidence rate), with Piauí standing out with the greatest expansion of this grouping. The South and Southeast regions presented spatio-temporal risks earlier than the other regions and all risk zones had in their compositions state capitals and most of them included adjacent municipalities. CONCLUSION: Although cluster hotspots have decreased in number, others have consolidated and new hotspots have also emerged. This study provides subsidies for the implementation of more effective and focused public policies to combat HIV among Brazilian women. There is a need to include municipal and state authorities in the planning of policies against HIV, always respecting the regional characteristics and each Brazilian municipality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A ausência eloquente: ciência política brasileira, povos indígenas e o debate acadêmico canadense contemporâneo
(Universidade de Brasília, 2020-12) SOARES, Leonardo Barros
An empirical analysis of the Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações of the CAPES and of seven important Brazilian political science journals over the last twenty years shows a significative lack of interest in researching Indigenous issues. This paper uses bibliometric analysis and carries out an extensive literature review of 2,621 papers and 47 Master’s theses and doctoral dissertations to prove this claim and to present to Brazilian readers political science research on Indigenous peoples in Canada, highlighting topics of interest. We then present some critical views of Indigenous policy and studies on this topic in that country. We conclude by calling for the Brazilian political science community, both scholars and students, to establish a research agenda on this important segment of the country’s population.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A concepção de movimentos cíclicos em tempos de crise pandêmica: implicações socioeconômicas da Covid-19 no Brasil
(Unversidad del Zulia, 2022-07) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; CARVALHO, David Ferreira; CASTRO, Auristela Correa
Economic cycles have a dynamic that manifests itself in the form of waves. The inflection from the economic boom phase to the recession phase is the moment of crisis. Disregarded by many, it can be said that the effects of the pandemic crisis resulting from Covid-19 have gained typical implications of a major global crisis, especially in Brazil. In this pandemic scenario, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global economy has been inserted into a serious socioeconomic crisis. The fundamental objective of this article is to discuss the conceptual conception of crisis and cyclical movements in times of the Covid-19 pandemic and the main socioeconomic implications in Brazil. To achieve this objective, the article will use exploratory and qualitative research methodology. The main conclusion is that the pandemic crisis brought to Brazil a series of economic problems, such as unemployment and high inflation, but the most serious fact was the social problems, mainly the significant increase in poverty and social inequality. . The use of “auxílio emergencial”, as a counter-cyclical policy and to support the most vulnerable social stratifications in times of a pandemic, was extremely important for having created a “mattress” of social protection. However, based on a series of official data, it can be said that the Bolsonaro government was unable to succeed in its endeavor to mitigate the socioeconomic impacts of the Covid-19 crisis in Brazil, much of it due to denialist rhetoric and a lot of disinformation (fake news) about vaccines.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A educação sexual no Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-01) ARAÚJO, Marcelo Marques de; CARDOSO, Andréia Gabrielly de Araújo
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Entre as terras do Rio Branco e a Guiana Inglesa: relatos de viajantes sobre povos indígenas (1835-1899)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-12) LAPOLA, Daniel Montenegro; SANJAD, Nelson Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9110037947248805; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6372-1185
The thesis is based on Peter Burke's historiographical approach on the cultural history of representations and on indigenous history to analyze travelers’ reports about the indigenous people in the region between the extreme north of Brazil and British Guiana in the 19th century. We worked on the reports of the Prussian explorer Robert Hermann Schomburgk (1804-1865), the Canadian geologist Charles Barrington Brown (1839-1917), both at the service of the Royal Geographical Society of the British crown; next, we analyze the French traveler Henri Anatole Coudreau (1859-1899), on a mission for the Ministry of the Navy and the French Colonies and the government of the state of Pará. As a central objective, I analyze the relationship between travelers and indigenous peoples, the alliances and strategies used through scientific research to serve the demarcation and land occupation interests of the country sponsoring the enterprise on the border of Brazil and British Guiana between 1835 and 1899.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
ERICA: prevalences of hypertension and obesity in Brazilian adolescents
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016) BLOCH, Katia Vergetti; KLEIN, Carlos Henrique; SZKLO, Moyses; KUSCHNIR, Maria Cristina Caetano; ABREU, Gabriela de Azevedo; BARUFALDI, Laura Augusta; VEIGA, Gloria Valeria da; SCHAAN, Beatriz D'Agord; SILVA, Thiago Luiz Nogueira da; MORAES, Ana Júlia Pantoja de; OLIVEIRA, Ana Mayra Andrade de; TAVARES, Bruno Mendes; MAGLIANO, Erika da Silva; OLIVEIRA, Cecília Lacroix de; CUNHA, Cristiane de Freitas; GIANNINI, Denise Tavares; BELFORT, Dilson Rodrigues; SANTOS, Eduardo Lima; LEON, Elisa Brosina de; OLIVEIRA, Elizabete Regina Araújo; FUJIMORI, Elizabeth; BORGES, Ana Luiza Vilela; VASCONCELOS, Francisco de Assis Guedes; AZEVEDO, George Dantas de; BRUNKEN, Gisela Soares; GUIMARÃES, Isabel Cristina Britto; FARIA NETO, José Rocha; OLIVEIRA, Juliana Souza; CARVALHO, Kenia Mara Baiocchi de; GONÇALVES, Luis Gonzaga de Oliveira; MONTEIRO, Maria Inês; SANTOS, Marize Melo dos; JARDIM, Paulo César B. Veiga; FERREIRA, Pedro Antônio Muniz; MONTENEGRO JUNIOR, Renan Magalhães; GURGEL, Ricardo Queiroz; VIANNA, Rodrigo Pinheiro; VASCONCELOS, Sandra Mary Lima; GOLDBERG, Tamara Beres Lederer
OBJECTIVE:To estimate the prevalence of arterial hypertension and obesity and the population attributable fraction of hypertension that is due to obesity in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: Data from participants in the Brazilian Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), which was the first national school-based, cross-section study performed in Brazil were evaluated. The sample was divided into 32 geographical strata and clusters from 32 schools and classes, with regional and national representation. Obesity was classified using the body mass index according to age and sex. Arterial hypertension was defined when the average systolic or diastolic blood pressure was greater than or equal to the 95th percentile of the reference curve. Prevalences and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of arterial hypertension and obesity, both on a national basis and in the macro-regions of Brazil, were estimated by sex and age group, as were the fractions of hypertension attributable to obesity in the population. RESULTS:We evaluated 73,399 students, 55.4% female, with an average age of 14.7 years (SD = 1.6). The prevalence of hypertension was 9.6% (95%CI 9.0-10.3); with the lowest being in the North, 8.4% (95%CI 7.7-9.2) and Northeast regions, 8.4% (95%CI 7.6-9.2), and the highest being in the South, 12.5% (95%CI 11.0-14.2). The prevalence of obesity was 8.4% (95%CI 7.9-8.9), which was lower in the North region and higher in the South region. The prevalences of arterial hypertension and obesity were higher in males. Obese adolescents presented a higher prevalence of hypertension, 28.4% (95%CI 25.5-31.2), than overweight adolescents, 15.4% (95%CI 17.0-13.8), or eutrophic adolescents, 6.3% (95%CI 5.6-7.0). The fraction of hypertension attributable to obesity was 17.8%. CONCLUSIONS:ERICA was the first nationally representative Brazilian study providing prevalence estimates of hypertension in adolescents. Regional and sex differences were observed. The study indicates that the control of obesity would lower the prevalence of hypertension among Brazilian adolescents by 1/5. DESCRIPTORS:Adolescent. Obesity, epidemiology. Hypertension, epidemiology. Cross-Sectional Studies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Frey Apollonio: um romance no Brasil que o leitor brasileiro desconhece
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-09) CRUZ, Patricia Cezar da
The novel Frey Apollonio, um romance do Brasil was written by the German naturalist Carl Friedrich Phillipp von Martius in 1831. After stay in the country, in which the author went to the Brazilian Amazon, he wrote a book not only as a trip report, common at that time, but also as a Bildungsroman. The main character, Hartoman, Martius’ alter ego, comes to Brazil with an extremely Eurocentric and prejudiced vision of the country and about those who live in this place, best known as Indians. However, after a period living together with the autochthonous, Hartoman partially changes his mind. If before he was shown as Eurocentric, this perception is then transformed, leading the character to a personal and intellectual development, like proposes the Bildungsroman. This novel “of Brazil” remained unpublished in Brazil, as well as in Germany, until 1967, when the manuscript was founded by Erwin Theodor at the Baviera’s Library. After this discovery, Erwin Theodor’s Brazilian translation occurred in 1992, to a simultaneous release with Germany. During the XIX century, it prevailed in Brazil a strand of Romanticism whose purposes were very different from the Martius’ novel, this one more inclined to the German Romanticism, particularly to its Jena period, which wanted a cooperation between different kind of people, not a nationalism as they wanted in Brazil. Thus, Martius’ novel would not be directed to the Brazilian public, anxious to meet a “genuine Brazilian Literature” in which fauna, flora and forest were exalted by national authors under the allegation that they would be symbols of Brazil, raising the country to a level of grandiosity. Frey Apollonio, um romance do Brasil is important to the national Literature for being a novel that approaches Brazil and tries to explore the country, even though through a foreigner’s point of view.
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Frontiers and economic institutions in Brazil: an approach focused on the new institutional economics
(Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Planejamento Urbano e Regional, 2017-04) CARVALHO, André Cutrim
The present article seeks to discuss the meaning (s) of frontiers in Brazil and the role of institutions in the process of economic development through the new institutional economics. Any pattern of collective behavior characterizes an institution, and as such determines the “rules of the game”. The frontier represents a socio-economic relationship of production because the structure of society in building a frontier is dominated (in)directly by capital. In Brazil, the movement to occupy land on the frontier does not usually occur through contingent smallholders, but rather through a mixture of different social segments, such as: migrants, “landless” males, farmers and entrepreneurs, all seeking land to occupy, to produce and to speculate. The main conclusion is that a developed institutional system may help to promote economic development by structuring the surrounding environment and stimulating the process of cooperation, innovation and learning in the frontier regions of Brazil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Governamentalidade liberal em alguns saberes educacionais e escolares brasileiros
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017) LEMOS, Flávia Cristina Silveira; BRÍCIO, Vilma Nonato de; GALINDO, Dolores Cristina Gomes; FRANCO, Ana Carolina Farias
This paper presents some thoughts on governance practices in the Brazilian liberal education and the organization of the school system from the perspective of governmentality in Foucault, during the twentieth century. Thus, the theoretical framework used to undertake the analysis includes some authors / the educational area, as well as attempts to link them to the discussion with some concepts developed by Foucault on liberalism, governmentality, power knowledge, subjectivity and education. Education, in this perspective becomes one governamentality apparatus that builds speeches and visibilities that subjectify subjects in different ways. In Brazil, the liberal education combined with the desire to modernize bodies and another company, engendering forms of government to operate on the social spheres, cultural, political, ethical and economically in the lives and bodies.
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Governança e políticas de saúde: conflitos e custos de cooperação no financiamento dos serviços especializados no Brasil e na Espanha
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-03) FARIA, Tamara Lima Martins; RODRIGO, Susana Galera; NASCIMENTO, Durbens Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4086120226722277
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Governança florestal via comércio internacional de madeira: políticas da União Europeia e suas influências nos atores sociais do Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-10) LIMA, Rayssa Yuki Murakami; AZEVEDO-RAMOS, Claudia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1968630321407619
Following the international trend towards sustainable and illegality-free production chains, the European Union (EU) has adopted its own policies and strategies that potentially impact countries such as Brazil, which produce a large part of the commodities consumed by the EU, including timber. In this sense, the objective of this study is to understand how ready Brazilian governance of the tropical native forest sector is to respond to the demands of this trend, based on domestic policies and strategies, as well as on the network of interaction and influence of its stakeholders. To meet this objective, a systematic review was first used using the PRISMA-P protocol to identify Brazilian and international instruments for promoting legality and sustainability in the timber sector. Next, a situational analysis was carried out to assess in detail the possible impacts of the EU Regulation for Deforestation-Free Products (EUDR) on the forest scenario in Brazil. Finally, the network analysis served to understand how the relationships and influence strategies of stakeholders in the Brazilian forest sector (government, private sector, civil society and academia) affect Brazilian governance in the international scenario. Our results indicate that Brazil is well positioned regarding instruments, particularly state-owned instruments, since they have synergies with each other and with international instruments in the same area. However, the effective implementation of these instruments remains the country's main challenge. In addition to correcting these shortcomings, the application of a policy mix and/or hybrid strategies based on national instruments would be necessary. Additionally, dialogue, cooperation and mutual accountability between producing and consuming countries, as well as economic incentives, are recommended. These recommendations are also valid for Brazil's alignment with the EUDR, since the country may face risks associated, above all, with legal and governance aspects (e.g: inconsistencies between EU standards and Brazilian environmental laws), economic (e.g: unequal distribution of additional costs) and socio-environmental (e.g: shifts to less regulated markets). On the other hand, the EUDR also offers opportunities for Brazil to strengthen its sustainability instruments and policies by seeking to maintain its exports to the EU. In the perception of stakeholders in the Brazilian forestry sector, the Regulation brings together more negative than positive perceptions and the networks of relationships and influences formed by them showed little connectivity. Furthermore, we identified asymmetries regarding the influence strategies of the determined focus groups: the federal government and the private sector tended towards influence strategies of direct retention of resources (e.g: direct control of information for decision-making), while civil society and academia tended towards indirect retention and indirect use strategies, respectively. We conclude that Brazilian forest governance has structures that are partially aligned with international sustainability and legality requirements. Brazil has good instruments in this sense, and they are connected to the needs of international governance, but it needs to improve their domestic implementation to be effective. The network of stakeholders needs to strengthen its cohesion and connectivity to improve its forms of influence on forest governance beyond the individual interests of groups. To remain a relevant player in the commodities trade, Brazil faces the challenge of adapting and improving its forest governance to the strict international demands for sustainability, such as European policies, overcoming historical illegalities in the timber production chain, improving existing instruments and strengthening the network of stakeholders. Consumer countries that have already been complicit in the problem by importing products of illegal origin should consider supporting producer countries in adapting their production methods to reduce socioenvironmental risks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
La importancia de la educación y del capital humano como dinamizador del desarrollo en Brasil
(Servicios Académicos Intercontinentales S.L., 2018-04) CARVALHO, André Cutrim
The main objective of this article is to bring to the dance the debate on education and development in Brazil, especially in the current context of economic, social and, mainly, institutional crisis. Education, generally and broadly, is and always was considered an important factor in the socioeconomic development of a country and, in a certain way, an indicator linked to the quality of life. In this context, the relationships that involve education and development, evidently refer to multiple and complex social, economic and cultural dimensions. As the objective is to characterize the role of each one in the process of economic development of the region, this research can be defined as exploratory. In addition, the article in question will seek as many information as possible to understand this important, but difficult connection movement involving education and development in Brazil using the qualitative research technique. As a most important conclusive aspect, it is necessary to emphasize that the development of Brazil was deeply compromised in the course of its formation due to the absence of educational establishments. In addition, the inefficient education system contributed to the low intellectual level of the population, a fact that interfered directly with the country's economy. Then, to deprive the Brazilian population today of a more elaborate education is to opt for the subordination of the country internationally. In addition, nothing can be more devastating and disastrous for a country than an uncultivated and uncivilized population, taking into account that the true national development, be it in the cultural, scientific and technological areas, goes through a political choice that prioritizes the intellectual elevation of its town. If these principles are not contemplated, our public schools will continue to embitter with their low qualitative indexes and a process of economic development increasingly distant and unenforceable.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Legislação ambiental: histórico de desafios e conquistas para as políticas públicas brasileiras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) GARVÃO, Rodrigo Fraga; NASCIMENTO BAIS, Simone Andrea Lima do
The present article makes a reflection on the public policies of protection to the environment, in Brazilian territory. With a historical approach, it presents the normative frameworks of protection to the environment and its achievements, as well as a reflection on the current situation of the discussions on the environment in the present time. It makes a historical cut from the beginning of the 17th century to the 21st century, addressing ECO-92 and Rio 92, as well as Laws 9433/1997 and 9605/1998, premises for the identification of advances and normative achievements for the protection of the environment in Brazil. For this research were carried out the studies in the field of Brazilian environmental legislation, among them official documents, among them the Brazilian constitution, decrees and laws.
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Migração internacional na Pan-Amazônia: um estudo sobre a migração venezuelana e o acolhimento dos migrantes em Boa Vista-RR e Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-26) SODRÉ, Danilo Ferreira; ARAGÓN VACA, Luis Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2713210031909963
Considering the recent unfolding of migratory phenomena around the globe, it is necessary to address the displacements that are present in the regional context of Latin America and the Pan Amazon. Within this reality, the migration of Venezuelans towards other countries has gained relevance and attention not only from academia, but also from humanity. The intense flow to countries considered Amazonian draws attention. Brazil presents itself as one of the most sought after destinations of this migration. The label of crisis migration is valid because of the latest events in Venezuela, such as the lack of supplies like food and medicine. However, the hypothesis raised is that this migration is not exclusively a crisis migration, but also a spontaneous labor migration. In this sense, we analyze this migration and its unfoldings to explain how this displacement to the cities of Belém-PA and Boa Vista-RR occurs. Supported by the methodology of mixed studies, the research involves techniques of data collection from a survey and bibliographic analysis; survey and document analysis; and the guided/individual interview used in a field work carried out in Boa Vista. Thus, it is observed that, although most of this migratory flow of Venezuelans to Brazil, to the Amazon, more specifically to the cities of Belém-PA and Boa Vista-RR, are considered as a crisis migration, it could be seen that there is also the understanding of the presence of a labor migration, especially that displacement of Venezuelans to the capital of Roraima, which is characterized as the displacement of people in search of employment opportunities to improve their lives.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Panorama e importância econômica do café no mercado internacional de commodities agrícolas: uma análise espectral
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; CARVALHO, David Ferreira; FILGUEIRAS, Gisalda Carvalho; ARAÚJO, Ana Cláudia de Sousa; CARVALHO, Abner Vilhena de
This paper aims to discuss the panorama and importance of coffee for Brazil, especially in economic terms, by making use of the empirical and analytical instruments of the spectral analysis, based on the time series of coffee prices in the international agricultural commodities market. New York (USA). In fact, coffee is an important component of total exports from several countries, including Brazil. Over time, coffee has become an economically important product of many families around the world. From the methodological point of view,the research used the statistical-econometric framework derived from the spectral analysis of time series. The results of this analysis show that climate shocks on coffee prices may have longer effects and those agricultural policies that directly affect the coffee production chain may have longer lasting effects. Moreover, the results indicate that the coffee price trend is in a combination of deterministic and stochastic trends.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Socioambientalização das decisões da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos: o caso do povo Xucuru vs Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-30) SOUSA, Pilar Ravena de; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
The present dissertation aims to demonstrate that within its contentious jurisdiction, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR Court) manifests a process of social environmentalism in its jurisprudence. The case study was combined with bibliographic and documentary reviews as a research methodology. The case object of the study is the case of the Xucuru People vs Brazil. In the first chapter, the concept of socio- environmentalism is constructed (Souza Filho, 2002; Santilli, 2005; Diegues, 2008), which will be used to understand the socio-environmental effect of the Inter-American Court. To this end, the historical approach to the origin of the socio-environmental movement, its impact on Brazilian legislation, and how socio-environmental conflicts give rise to the perspective of socio-environmental justice in Brazil are made. The socio-environmental issue originates in the colonisation period, from how the territory was exploited and the labour of traditional communities and populations. However, the socio-environmental movement is only consigned from the articulation of environmental and social movements in Brazil, in the period after the Military Regime that preceded the constituent assembly. The period of the Military Dictatorship in Brazil was marked by the predatory exploitation of the Amazon, affecting traditional populations and communities. After this period, the rubber tappers' movement, led by Chico Mendes, stood out for presenting a path of development in the Amazon region that was not predatory development. From this intersection of the articulation between social movements and environmental movements, new rights were born, which broke with the exacerbated protection of individual rights and included, in the constitutional text, social rights and collective rights. Finally, the origin of the concept of Socio- Environmental Justice is discussed, which understands traditional communities as agents of conflict, considering that they are agents who have another relationship with nature, in which what is human and what is a natural resource is not divided – and, therefore, they need to be actors of Socio-Environmental Justice, starring in the agenda. The second chapter deals with the history of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the techniques used by this Court to protect the environment, given the limitation of its jurisdiction. To this end, the techniques of "greening" are analysed (MAZZUOLI; TEIXEIRA, 2017), used by other International Courts, to demonstrate that the effect on the Inter-American Court of Human Rights is not a matter of greening its decisions, but instead of a socio-environmental approach in the construction of its Jurisprudence, based on the concept of Socio-Environmental Justice (Moreira, 2017). In the third chapter, the paradigm case is presented, a dispute in the Court of Human Rights between the Xucuru People and Brazi, a signatory member state of the Court's contentious jurisdiction. The dispute has as its object the demarcation of the lands of the Xucuru People, who do not respect the principle of speed, and, in the face of legislative changes in the country, had the demarcation process postponed several times. Given the legislative change, which made it possible for third parties to contest the demarcation, conflicts arose over the land object of the demarcation. The Inter- American Court of Human Rights judgment was signed in 2018 and, as of the date of the judgment, the indigenous landfill had not suffered total disintrusion, and could not fully enjoy its territory. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights recognised Brazil's obligation to end the demarcation process with the full disintrusion of indigenous territory from the perspective of communal property, recognising that the demarcated lands must belong entirely to the Xucuru People; in addition to recognising Brazil's duty to indemnify the Xucuru People for the unjustified extension of the process of demarcation of the territory of the Xucuru People.