Dissertações em Biodiversidade e Conservação (Mestrado) - PPGBC/Altamira

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/9261

O Mestrado Acadêmico iniciou-se em 2014 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação (PPGBC) do Campus Universitário de Abaetetuba da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento inicial do Pacu-branco Myloplus Rubripinnis (Characiformes: serrasalmidae) da bacia do Rio Xingu
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-22) OLIVEIRA, Elzamara de Castro; ZACARDI, Diego Maia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8348319991578546; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-2652-9477; SOUSA, Leandro Melo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6529610233878356; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0793-9737
The species Myloplus rubripinnis, popularly known as the white pacu, has great ecological potential as a seed disperser and represents an important food and economic resource for several riverine families. However, little is known about the bioecology of adult specimens, and there is no research on the early development of this species. In this context, the present study aimed to morphologically characterize the initial phases of the life cycle of M. rubripinnis, captured in the middle stretch of the Xingu River, and identify the main changes in growth patterns through different regression models. The individuals were collected using a plankton net in various habitats present in the Xingu River, during the four phases of the local hydrological cycle (flood, flood, ebb, and drought) between January 2021 and April 2022. After identification, the specimens were classified according to the developmental stage into the larval period (yolk-sac, preflexion, flexion, and postflexion) and the juvenile period. A total of 55 individuals with a standard length ranging from 7.21 to 35.53 mm were analyzed. During the larval period, the eyes are large and spherical, the head size varies from small to large, and the fusiform body ranges from long to moderate, with a convex dorsal profile. The intestine reaches the middle region of the body, and the mouth is terminal. Initially, the larvae are altricial, with pigmentation scarce in the body, limited to a linear band along the lateral line and intensifying towards the back of the caudal peduncle. In the early stages, small clusters of punctate chromatophores appear in the occipital region, on the side of the snout, in the first rays of the dorsal and anal fins, at the base of the anus, and in the rays of the caudal fin. In more developed stages, irregular vertical bands form throughout the body. The total number of myomers ranged from 41 to 42 segments (21 to 22 preanal and 20 postanal). The complete sequence of fin formation and the number of unbranched and branched rays are as follows: caudal (superior iiii+9-7+iiii inferior), dorsal (iii,20), anal (iii,32), ventral (i,5), and pectoral (i,10). The growth analysis indicated greater changes during the transition from the flexion to the post-flexion stages, marking the end of larval development. It is noteworthy that the pattern of pigmentation, along with meristic data, serves as effective distinguishing characteristics for identifying the species among its congeners. This emphasizes the importance of morphological, meristic, and morphometric aspects for the accurate identification of the species in its naturals environment. Additionally, this information can aid in understanding the locations and spawning periods, as well as contribute to the management, conservation, and sustainability efforts of this Neotropical fish.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Espécies arbóreas presentes na zona urbana de Altamira - Pará: índices espaciais e diversidade florística
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-28) FEIO, Elnatan Ferreira; VELOSO, Gabriel Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9757471213923099; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-3655-4166; HERRERA, Raírys Cravo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2153779197306503; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-8359
In recent decades, the interest in studying the urbanization process in cities has become an extremely important subject, since this phenomenon is not planned. Disregarding regional differences, it becomes very distant to design more sustainable cities. One of the ways to achieve this sustainability is by promoting actions that encourage the insertion of afforestation achieving positive effects, such as the alleviation of the heat resulting from asphalting and the implementation of urban spaces. Thus, the promotion of afforestation in cities is one of the ways to minimize the adverse effects of climate in cities and improve the quality of life of the inhabitants. This work was carried out at the headquarters of the municipality of Altamira, located in the southwest region of Pará state. It was performed in three stages: (i) mapping of tree planting from manual vectorization to generate a cloud of points that enabled the analysis through the application of Kernel Density Statistics of the spatial distribution of tree species using calculation of environmental parameters for estimative, such as Vegetation Coverage Index (CVI) and Percentage of Vegetation Coverage (PCV); (ii) acquisition of remote sensing images with low cloudiness during the dry season, referring to the years 2011 and 2021 from the Satellites Landsat 5 Sensor TM and Landsat 8 Sensor Tirs, respectively, with images acquired on National Institute for Space Research (INPE) website; and (iii) survey of tree census in three neighborhoods of the city based on the largest coverage indices calculated in the first stage of the research to determine the Shannon-Weaver, Simpson, and Pielou Equability Indices. It was observed that the distribution of afforestation in Altamira is very variable and deficient, where most of the city's neighborhoods have a tree density deficit. The central neighborhoods are the most consolidated and have the highest densities of individuals. The PCV was 0.49% and the ICVH was 1.72 m² of canopy/inhabitant. Values under recommended by the United Nations Organization - UN and the Brazilian Society of Urban Arborization - SBAU. For the year 2011, the terrestrial thermal conditions in the city of Altamira varied between a minimum of 23.97°C and a maximum of 34.80°C, maintaining a constant around 32°C in the urbanized area, out of line with the maximum temperature 34°C was registered in a few points of the city, with an average temperature of 32.09°C at Centro neighborhood. In 2021, the temperature in Altamira reached a minimum of 23.35°C and a maximum of 33.89°C. The result of calculating the indices for the Premem, Jardim Uirapuru and Esplanada do Xingu neighborhoods showed the following values, respectively: a) Shannon-Weaver diversity (H'): 1.73, 1.81, 2.28; b) Pielou equability (J'): 0.65, 0.57, 0.72, and c) Simpson (C): 0.69, 0.71, 0.85, respectively. Qualitative analysis indicated that the higher the value of C, the lower the diversity of species, therefore, the highest distributed diversity is found in the Premem neighborhood. For the quantitative analysis, 793 tree individuals were cataloged, divided into 61 species, belonging to 40 botanical families which was found that 68% are exotic species and 32% are native. It is observed that the arrangement of the spatial distribution of urban trees did not follow the growth of the urban fabric, allowing the emergence of areas with low tree density which ended up in the urgency of a policy elaboration that contemplates green areas in our city, in order to humanizing roads and public areas and contributing to the regulation of the microclimate in Altamira, with positive effects on the well-being of the population and those who transit through here. Thus, this study has the necessary attributes to support urban planning in actions aimed at promoting comfort and the future attenuation of thermal sensation events, valuing the planting of native species to the detriment of exotic ones.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uso de caixas-ninho pela fauna de vertebrados em relação às variáveis ambientais em um fragmento de Floresta Amazônica em Altamira-Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-07-27) BENTO, Silnara Carmo; GOMES, Felipe Bittioli Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0924023357753741
The Amazon rainforest is considered one of the largest remnants of tropical rainforest in the world, but the sharp exploitation of natural resources in the Amazon has caused a growing loss of biodiversity. These impacts have worryingly reached the fauna that depends on natural cavities present in alive or dead trees as spots for nesting, sheltering or foraging. To compensate the loss of environmental complexity, the use of nest boxes has been successfully used, especially forests of temperate regions, for diverse groups of vertebrates, from birds to mammals. For the Neotropical region, it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of this environmental intervention through the experimentation and observation regarding the use of these nest boxes in relation to the environmental variables, being our goal to develop these observations in a fragment of Amazon forest in Pará. The study used 30 wooden nest boxes distributed along a RAPELD research module located in a forest fragment in the Xingu region of Altamira. Eight boxes were installed in transect One and 16 transect the Two, added six boxes along the stream. Four boxes per parcel were installed, two at the beginning and two at the end, one 1.5 m hight and the other with 5 m. in relation to the ground; the boxes installed along the stream were fixed with intercalated height (1,5 and 5 m) distanced 50 m each other. Environmental and spatial variables were measured: opening the canopy edge distance, and an average density of the surrounding DAP trees, distance and altitude stream. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA), were used to correlate the occurrence of bird, amphibians and reptiles species, and used to verify the relationship between the nesting site variables and locations in relation to the sampling sites. Seven boxes were occupied by vertebrates, all then as sheltering. Four were occupied by mammals (Didelphidae and Rodentia), two reptiles (Thecadatilus rapicauda) and one amphibian (Osteocephalus taurinus). Sampling covered the entire study area through the heterogeneous distribution of the artificial cavities, there was slight variation between the variables and the nest boxes (PCA - 39.50% explanation of the axes). There was no significant correlation, but a tendency of use for T. rapicauda to occupy boxes associated with the variables distance of the stream and altitude, and mammals with the variable vegetation cover. Different from other Brazilian studies there was low occupation of nest boxes, and our results were not substantial to determine the use of nest boxes for environmental enrichment in fragmented environmental fragments in the Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização anato-histoquímica e nutricional de Piper peltatum L. (Piperaceae): uma planta alimentícia não convencional ocorrente na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-29) PALHETA, Gredany Rodrigues; HERRERA, Raírys Cravo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/215377919730650; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-9699-8359; REIS, Alisson Rodrigo Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7258026642139407; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7182-4814
Unconventional food plants (UFP) are a group of edible and medicinal species not commercialized on a large scale, including leaves, flowers, fruits, roots, among other parts. Its origin is associated with traditional people who passed on their knowledge to family members. Given the diverse Brazilian flora, especially Amazonian species, there are still few scientific reports about these plants. Therefore, it is necessary to apply new methodologies for taxonomic identification, presence of substances and nutritional profile of edible plants. Because of this, the work aimed to diagnose the scientific production of non-conventional food plants and anatomically and nutritionally characterize the caapeba-amazônica leaf (Piper peltatum L.), contributing to scientific knowledge of the Amazonian flora. For scientometrics, the descriptors “Plantas alimentícias não convencionais” were used in Google Scholar and “Unconventional Food Plant*” in Scopus and Web of Science. For data visualization, R language was used by the Bibliometrix package and the Publish or Perish software. Astra Blue and Basic Fuchsin reagents were added to the anatomical sections of the leaf and Toluidine Blue, Ferric Chloride, Lugol and Sudam III were added for histochemistry. The Nutritional characterization was determined by analyzes of Moisture, Water Activity, Ph, TTA, TSS, Ashes, Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and antioxidant profile. In the results, an increase in publications about UFP was observed and the theme has been published in journals with a high Qualis stratum. Related keywords indicate experimental studies as relevant themes for publication. The caapeba-amazônica is a species present in UFP articles although little quoted and studied. The anatomical characteristics of the P. peltatum leaf are consistent with the piperaceae family. In its histochemical test, the presence of lipids, phenolic compounds, starch and cellulose was observed. From the physiochemical results, it was observed to be perishable and should be stored in refrigeration. It is a source of minerals, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, in addition to being an antioxidant. It is important to maintain new studies to contribute to the knowledge of UFP species, including Amazonian ones, such as P. peltatum, which presents substances with medicinal and food properties similar to other UFP hardwoods. Its consumption depends on the central vein of the leaf being removed, softened by cooking and similar culinary preparation of the cabbage leaf. It is a food and nutrient alternative, including for individuals affected by food insecurity. Its consumption favors agroecology and conservation of Amazonian biodiversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Indicadores de qualidade do solo e sistema de plantio adensado em área degradada na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-30) SILVA, Kerciane Pedro da; SANTOS JUNIOR, Jaime Barros dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8994389767647854; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-2933-8764; LEÃO, Fábio Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6256044082655658; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3258-8748
Soil degradation results in the loss of organic matter and compaction, making the assessment of soil health through quality indicators essential for monitoring and adapting management practices in degraded areas. Furthermore, seeking new planting strategies for forest restoration is important so that areas that have suffered some type of degradation can be restored. In this context, the objectives of this study were: 1. To compare soil quality in forest areas and different topographies of a pasture area. 2. To analyze the survival and growth of tree species. 3. To evaluate the effect of grafting on C. sanguinolentum planted in spaced groups. The research was conducted at the Environmental Studies Center (CEA), located in the municipality of Vitória do Xingu, PA, in the Volta Grande do Xingu region. Soil samples were collected from the forest area and at three different altitude ranges (120-130 m, 130-140 m, and 140-150 m) in the degraded area to determine physical and chemical attributes, in addition to calculating the Soil Structural Quality Index (IQES). The dense planting technique consisted of the distribution of 30 groups located on three different topographies (120, 130, and 140 m). Each group was composed of 13 seedlings of forest species representing different successional stages, with the climax species C. sanguinolentum positioned in the center. In each altitude range, five grafted and five non-grafted individuals of C. sanguinolentum were planted in the center of the groups, and monitored over a six-month period. The soil analysis identified significant differences in physical and chemical parameters between forest areas and pasture areas, highlighting the impact of management practices in degraded areas. The forest areas exhibited better physical soil quality compared to the degraded areas. In the forest, there were higher concentrations of organic carbon, available phosphorus, and potassium, as well as a more acidic pH due to the accumulation of organic matter. On the other hand, the degraded altitude ranges showed a tendency toward soil compaction. In the dense planting, the mortality rate was 7.69%, with the species S. mombin and G. americana showing no mortality. S. mombin had the highest growth in height (75.87%) and diameter (168.25%). The species C. sanguinolentum showed better performance in diameter among the non-grafted seedlings, with mortality occurring only in the grafted seedlings. Seedling growth was influenced by altitude, with better diameter and height development of the studied species in the lower altitude area. The soil analysis results demonstrated that native vegetation contributes to the improvement of soil quality and maintains positive ecological processes, while inappropriate practices harm the soil's ecological functionality. Dense planting, in general, proved to be an effective strategy for ecological restoration, thus promoting ecosystem functionality and contributing to the advancement of ecological succession in degraded areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da presença de metais pesados na água potável fornecida à população urbana de Altamira e o seu possível impacto epidemiológico sobre doenças crônicas renais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-30) STORCH, Wesley; FAIAL, Kleber R. Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0166366420811929; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-8575-1262; PEREIRA, Adenilson Leão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3184636120604556
The Xingu River is crucial for potable water supply in Altamira, but it faces risks of heavy metal pollution, especially mercury, due to illegal mining and UHBM activities. Mercury can bioaccumulate in humans and be associated with an increased risk of hypertension and kidney diseases. This study evaluated the presence of heavy metals in Altamira's drinking water and outlined the epidemiological profile of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Altamira and the Xingu region. Concentrations of Al, As, Cr, Cd, Pb, Fe, and Hg were measured in 24 water samples collected in July 2022, using ICP/MS by the Evandro Chagas Institute, compared to Brazilian legislation and WHO limits. Mortality data from CKD, diabetes mellitus (DM), and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed using public data from DATASUS. Additionally, medical records of CKD patients treated at HRPT from 2007 to 2023 were analyzed. The concentrations of metals in the analyzed water samples were within established limits, except for aluminum (Al), which was elevated in two water samples. Mortality data obtained from DATASUS between 2000 and 2020 showed a significant increase in mortality due to SAH in Altamira (R²=0.80), while mortality from CKD (R²=0.30) and DM (R²=0.31) had a smaller impact on the mortality rate during the studied period. Considering the medical records of CKD patients treated at HRPT, it was identified that between 2007 and 2023, 174 CKD patients treated at HRPT were from Altamira, with 64.4% men and 35.6% women. Regarding age, 48.85% were over 60 years old, and 36.78% were between 41 and 60 years old. The main comorbidity associated with CKD was SAH (56.90%), followed by the association of SAH and DM (36.94%). Altamira presented an average prevalence of 8.99 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and an average incidence of 10.24 new cases per year of CKD during the analyzed period. In the Xingu region, 403 CKD cases were identified, predominantly in men (61.5%) with an average age of 60 years. The main comorbidity associated with CKD was SAH (49.88%), followed by the association of SAH and DM (37.47%). The average prevalence of CKD in the region was 6.97 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with an average incidence of 23.70 new cases per year of CKD during the analyzed period. The levels of metals in the analyzed water samples are within the limits recommended by Brazilian legislation and WHO. The high prevalence of CKD in Altamira and the Xingu region raises concerns about public health impacts. Historical mercury contamination may be related to the high mortality from SAH and the prevalence of CKD associated with SAH. These results emphasize the need for continuous monitoring of water quality and public policies to mitigate the impacts of CKD in the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Micropropagação de espécies lenhosas nativas: análise cienciométrica e perspectivas para a conservação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-30) SILVA, Gabriel Alves de Souza da; ROCHA, Tainá Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483048741747967; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0001-6842-2945; HERRERA, Raírys Cravo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2153779197306503; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2153779197306503
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Enxertia e indução da floração com Paclobutrazol em golosa (Chrysom sapyllunuignolentum (Pierre) Baehnni)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-24) RIBEIRO, Cleber da Silva; LEÃO, Fábio Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6256044082655658; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3258-8748
Accelerating the flowering and fruiting of species in degraded areas can make forest restoration more efficient. Grafting combined with plant growth regulators has the potential to enhance this process. This study evaluated the effectiveness of grafting and different graft protection techniques on the grafting success rate of Golosa seedlings (Chrysophyllum sanguinolentum) and the impact of paclobutrazol on grafted and non-grafted seedlings under different shading conditions. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Pará in two phases. The first phase, carried out between August and September 2023, involved grafting 160 seedlings distributed across four graft protection treatments: parafilm (T1), parafilm with kraft paper bag (T2), plastic bag (T3), and plastic bag with kraft paper bag (T4). A completely randomized block design was used, and the seedlings were kept in a greenhouse. Budding was evaluated at 20, 27, 34, 41, 48, and 56 days after grafting. Since normality and homogeneity assumptions were not met, the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) was applied. The second phase, conducted between June and December 2024, evaluated stem diameter, height, number of leaves, and chlorophyll index, considering grafting, shading, and paclobutrazol application as factors. A completely randomized design was used, with 56 seedlings divided into grafted (28) and non-grafted (28) groups, subjected to two shading levels (full sun and 50% shade) and two paclobutrazol treatments: application of 2 ml diluted in 250 ml of water and a control without application. Measurements were taken at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days after PBZ application. Data analysis was performed using R Studio software, applying Generalized Linear Models (GLM). The results showed significant differences between graft protection treatments. T2 (parafilm with kraft paper bag) had the highest grafting success rate (27.5%), followed by T4 (12.5%), while T1 had 10%, and T3 showed no budding. Regarding shading, plants under 50% shade exhibited greater stem diameter growth (2.36%), a higher number of leaves (53), and a higher chlorophyll index (34.2 g). Height growth was also greater under shade but was not statistically significant. Non-grafted plants had a higher number of leaves (64), while grafted plants had the highest chlorophyll index (30.7 g). PBZ reduced the average number of leaves (42) and stem diameter growth (1.99%) but did not significantly affect height or the chlorophyll index. It is concluded that grafting is an effective asexual reproduction technique for C. sanguinolentum, and graft protection with parafilm and a kraft paper bag improves grafting success. Additionally, grafting may accelerate flowering and fruiting, but this hypothesis requires long-term monitoring. PBZ proved to be phytotoxic, reducing growth and causing total leaf loss.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização espermática de Parancistrus nudiventris Rapp Py-Daniel & Zuanon, 2005 (Siluriformes, Loricariidae), espécie amazônica endêmica do Rio Xingu, Pará, Brasi
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-03-21) LOPES, Thaís da Silva; SOUSA, Leandro Melo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6529610233878356; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0793-9737
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Germinação após alagamento, fenologia, morfologia e bioquímica de sementes de Campsiandra angustifolia Spruce Ex Beth
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-11-28) FONTENELE, Milena Gomes; HERRERA, Raírys Cravo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2153779197306503; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-8359
Periodic flooding, a characteristic of Amazonian riparian forests, plays a central role in the ecological dynamics of these environments, but also poses challenges for plant species. The study involved the manual collection of Campsiandra angustifolia Spruce ex Beth fruits from 10 mother trees located on the banks of the Xingu River in Altamira. After the fruits had naturally opened, the seeds were evaluated for their characteristics, including measurements of length, width, thickness and weight. The water content of the seeds was also determined and biochemical analyses were performed, such as the quantification of proteins, amino acids and soluble carbohydrates. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate seed germination under flooding conditions, the floating time and post-flooding germination, with different flooding periods. The seeds were characterized as large, flat, dark brown in color and smooth in texture. In terms of size, they are on average 45.16 mm long, 52.02 mm wide, 7.70 mm thick and weigh 6.82 g. The seeds present an average of 17.6164 mg PRT/gDM for total soluble proteins. Among the protein fractions, glutelins presented the highest concentration, followed by prolamins, albumins and globulins. Total soluble amino acids presented a concentration of 65.5260 mg AA/gDM. As for sugars, the values of total soluble sugars (AST) and reducing sugars (RS) were 66.0156 mg AST/gDM and 61.9131 mg RS/gDM, respectively. Although all the seeds initially floated and later sank in the water, the environment did not provide the necessary conditions for germination. However, the results indicated that C. angustifolia seeds have a high germination capacity after short periods of flooding (15, 30 and 45 days). However, in longer periods of flooding (60, 75 and 90 days), germination was progressively reduced. The absence of significant effects of flooding on seedling growth variables indicated that, once germinated, they can develop relatively uniformly under different initial flooding conditions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A aplicação do hormônio 24-Epibrassinolídeo promove o desenvolvimento e crescimento de mudas de Genipa Americana L. sob diferentes níveis de sombreamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-20) LIMA, Gustavo Gomes; ALVES, Graciliano Galdino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8085271321555747; HERNÁNDEZ-RUZ, Emil José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9304799439158425; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3593-3260
One of the essential factors to start the restoration process of an area is the production of vigorous seedlings of adequate size for their survival, however, several challenges make large-scale production impossible, such as the unavailability of seeds and seedlings. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of different concentrations of the hormone 24-epibrassinolide associated with different levels of shading on the development of genipap seedlings (Genipa americana L.). Genipap seedlings were used in three shading conditions: 50% shade, 35% shade and full sun. The seedlings were subjected to four concentrations of 10, 20, 30 and 40 nM of the hormone 24-epibrassinolide, maintaining a control treatment, in an experimental arrangement in randomized blocks, with four blocks and five treatments. Data were collected at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days after application (DAA) of treatments, with measurements of plant length, stem diameter and number of leaves. To analyze growth parameters, R software was used, generating a Generalized Linear Model (GLM), and analysis of variance was performed on the results of biochemical parameters, with comparison of means by Tukey's test and to compare environmental and physiological data, a principal component analysis (PCA). Plants maintained at 35% shade showed positive effects on the parameters of height, diameter, number of leaves and lower concentrations of the hormone provided an increase in growth variables. The highest concentrations of biochemical variables were observed in conditions of lower hormone concentrations, under full sun and 50%. The environmental parameters were directly linked to the physiological responses of genipap seedlings. The accelerated development and growth of genipap seedlings is possible under certain shading conditions, and presents positive effects under the action of the hormone, which favors the development of robust plants.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Suplementação alimentar com açaí (Euterpe oleracea) como potencial modulador das defesas antioxidantes e dano oxidativo em zebrafish (Danio rerio)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-25) NASCIMENTO, Géssica Amorim do; AMADO, Lilian Lund; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3382900147208081; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0001-7693-8191; VALENTIN, Fernanda Nogueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5323991664296959; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8279-3758
Diets enriched with Amazonian açaí (E. oleracea) provide great nutritional and therapeutic health benefits, related to the presence of bioactive compounds. The pulp of the açaí fruit is high in anthocyanins, plant pigments that have anti- inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The use of D. rerio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) as an animal model in bioassays is important for evaluating possible molecular alterations caused by the pro-oxidants present in the cells, with direct applications in other fish and can also be extrapolated to humans, due to the genetic homology of 70% of the genome. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of dietary supplementation with freeze-dried açaí pulp (AÇL), testing different concentrations of anthocyanins, as a potential modulator of the antioxidant defence system in D. rerio. The study was carried out in the Ecotoxicology section of LAPMAR at UFPA/Belém. A total of 40 D. rerio specimens were organized into: control group (CTR) - standard diet only; and according to the value of the standard diet, the amounts for supplementation in treatment were calculated T1 - standard diet and supplementation of 10% AÇL; T2 - standard diet and supplementation of 25% AÇL; T3 - standard diet and supplementation of 50% AÇL. Water physicochemical parameters, siphoning and partial water changes were analyzed over the course of 5 days. At the end of the 120-hour experiment, the fish were collected, euthanized by cryoanesthesia, biometrically measured, weighed and stored at -80 ºC in an ultrafreezer. Subsequently, the whole animals were homogenized, followed by the quantification of total proteins and measurements of biochemical biomarkers of oxidative stress: total antioxidant capacity (TACC), glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione s- transferase (GST) and lipoperoxidation (LPO). The results were analyzed by means of comparisons between independent groups with a quantitative response variable, using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, with a significance level of 5%. Of the physicochemical parameters evaluated, ammonia levels were the only ones monitored that showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the T3 - 50% AÇL treatment at the last analysis time. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.005) for the biometric data and also for the biomarkers between the sample groups. The results indicate that the supplementary supply of açaí for longer periods can promote a neutralization of pro-oxidant agents in the cells. This supplementation can be considered a natural alternative to increase resistance to stress in the face of pro-oxidant conditions in the body, establishing chemoprotection strategies for human and animal health.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uso de recursos naturais por seis comunidades ribeirinhas da Volta Grande do Xingu
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-29) SOUZA, Thais Santos; SERRA , Anderson Borges; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9878285735905103; SANTOS, Graciliano Galdino Alves dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8085271321555747; HERNÁNDEZ-RUZ, Emil José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9304799439158425
The Amazon basin has a potential for harnessing its water resources, which has been explored by building hydroelectric plants to meet the growing demand for energy generation. However, hydroelectric plants cause great transformations in the use of natural resources, such as fishing and the use of forest resources. This is the case of the construction of the Belo Monte hydroelectric plant (UHE) on the Xingu River, west of Pará. In the research, we studied what changes occurred in the use of medicinal plants, fishing, and hunting after the construction of the Belo Monte UHE, in six communities in region of Volta Grande do Xingu. 45 semi-structured interviews were carried out, with the application of tests with families who live next to the river after the construction of the Belo Monte HPP and who exercise or have already used flora, hunting and fishing activities, both for commercial purposes and for consumption. domestic. The frequency of use of each species for hunting, medicinal plants and fishing was observed. There was a reduction in species appreciated for consumption of fish and wild animals (game). In the use of medicinal plants, andiroba obtained the highest frequency of use. Thus, considering the results, that the use of medicinal plants in riverside families occurred after the construction of the Belo Monte HPP, for fishing and hunting there was a reduction of species appreciated for consumption, and consequently these factors provoke changes in the way of life of riverside families.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Percepção socioambiental dos alunos de escolas públicas em Altamira-Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-28) PIMENTEL, Andria Jaizza dos Santos; SILVA, Karina Dias da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2271768102150398; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5548-4995
Environmental education is how interactions between society and the environment are perceived. Environmental education acquired at school is advantageous because it promotes reflective behaviors about the relevance of sustainable development. This study aims to analyze the application of environmental education in secondary education in public schools. The research examined students' views through the application of questionnaires in the classroom, aiming to identify the implementation of environmental education and the transmission of this knowledge. It was found that, even though environmental education is widely debated, there are still few fixed projects being developed specifically on the topic. In addition, students have difficulty identifying socio-environmental problems, impacts and the environmental context in which they live. It is concluded that the active participation of schools is fundamental for the formation of knowledge and human awareness about the importance of disseminating environmental education. In this sense, as a way of supporting the school network in the formation of new citizens aware of their role in the world, a guiding booklet was created containing theory world, a guiding booklet was created containing theory, games, activities, guided tours and a quiz to support the implementation of the theme.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Consequências da construção da Usina Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte para o saneamento básico na cidade de Altamira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-27) MARTINS, Beatriz da Silva; JOHANSEN, Igor Cavallini; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8675081294684590; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-5360-3740; CALVI, Miquéias Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1925851965991165; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9409-9915
The implementation of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant was tied to compensation and social and environmental conditions, with the universalization of basic sanitation in the city of Altamira, in the state of Pará, being the highlight of this study. The city's physical, social, cultural and environmental space has changed as a result of the implementation of this project. The aim of this research was to investigate and describe the expansion of basic sanitation services – that is, water supply, collection and treatment of domestic sewage, and solid waste – in the city of Altamira between 2010 and 2022. The analyses used secondary data on basic sanitation obtained from the 2010 Demographic Census and primary data collected in a survey applied to 500 households in the city of Altamira in 2022. A documentation analysis was also carried out of the Basic Environmental Project for the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant and the Altamira Integrated Municipal Basic Sanitation Plan. A review of the literature related to the problem was also carried out. Despite the significant improvements and positive results for the environment and public health, it was observed that the condition of universalization of basic sanitation services in the city of Altamira was not achieved. The governance of these services has encountered obstacles between the municipality and the Belo Monte developer, in the context of the implementation, expansion and transfer of services. With regard to the problems associated with governance, we would highlight the discussion about who would be responsible for carrying out the intra-household water and sewage connections, the population's historical dissatisfaction with the water supply services, the residents' resistance to accepting the intra-household water and sewage connections and the flaws in the planning of the executive project. These implications substantially affected the capacity to expand and the quality of these basic services to the population of the city of Altamira.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sobrevivência e crescimento inicial de espécies nativas em plantio de enriquecimento em área de recomposição florestal da UHE de Belo Monte
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-02-17) SOUZA, Onassis de Pablo Santos de; HERRERA, Raírys Cravo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2153779197306503; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-8359
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade de mamíferos e aves cinegéticas na terra do meio
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-28) SACCARDI, Victor; HERNÁNDEZ-RUZ, Emil José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9304799439158425; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3593-3260
Studies on species abundance are critical to understand the patterns and responses of communities to everlasting effects, like climate change, or transient disturbances, like hunting and deforestation. Millions of people in tropical forests depend on wildlife to ensure their protein intake and their food security. Terra do Meio is located in Pará state, Brazilian Amazon, in the watershed of the middle Xingu river, composing a group of protected areas that receive great deforestation pressure, where traditional indigenous and riverside populations live. In order to describe the diversity of medium and large mammals and game bird species of three Conservation Units, 835 km were covered in nine transects. Comparisons were also made between the areas, ascertaining the impacts of hunting, and proposed recommendations for the monitoring of the biodiversity. Population estimates of the species were obtained by the Distance Sampling method. Indirect data were also collected and camera traps also installed. 47 species were recorded. The results suggest that hunting does not drastically affect wild populations in the area and may indicate that local hunting currently tends to be sustainable. This study reinforces the importance of extensive areas for the maintenance of viable populations and the sustainability of hunting in these regions. This study presents estimates of species density in these areas, and it provides the first information on the diversity of mammals and game birds of Riozinho do Anfrísio Extractive Reserve.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Prática da caça por moradores urbanos na região oeste da rodovia Transamazônica paraense, no médio Xingu
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-10-25) REZENDE, Rozinete Francisca; GOMES, Felipe Bittioli Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0924023357753741; MOURTHÉ, Ítalo Martins da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0147415006930129; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6289-6517
Hunting is an important socioeconomic and cultural activity for human populations, including riverine and indigenous ones. Although it is also practiced by urban populations, studies considering these actors are still scarce. Our objective was to characterize hunting by urban dwellers in three cities located in the west stretch of the Transamazon Highway in Pará. The research consisted of semi-structured interviews and informal conversations. The following characteristics were characterized: i) hunted animals, ii) employed techniques, iii) hunters 'socioeconomic profile, and iv) influence of species characteristics on hunters' preference or rejection. Interviews took place between March and May 2019. Principal Coordinate Analyzes were used to determine the most important characteristics in hunters' choice or rejection of species. 59 men were interviewed, 16 in Altamira, 24 in Brasil Novo and 19 in Medicilândia. Most of the interviewees had local origin (61%), incomplete elementary (46%) or high school (29%) and monthly income ≤1,500 reais (68%). Hunting is more frequent during drought, using the waiting technique (91%). Most respondents hunt in forested areas (86%), relatively close to cities. Twenty-one species were mentioned, including 15 mammals, 4 birds and 2 reptiles. Cuniculus paca (paca), Tayassu pecari (peccary), Mazama americana (red deer), and armadillos (Dasypodidae) were the most hunted species. The size, taste of meat, availability and existence of conflicts with agricultural activity were the main characteristics determining the preference of hunters. Ten species, including primates and tapirs (Tapirus terrestis), were rejected mainly due to their appearance, availability and taste of meat.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento osteológico de Pseudacanthicus pirarara (Siluriformes, Loricariidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-02-16) RAMOS, Lucas Fernando Peres; CHAMON, Carine Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6917927460947313; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1122-6788; SOUSA, Leandro Melo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6529610233878356; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0793-9737
The Loricariidae family is characterized by encompassing a great diversity of species, many of which are present in the Amazon basin. Pseudacanthicus pirarara is a large- sized catfish species that has records of occurrence in the Xingu river basin. The species has an intense orange or almost red color on its fins, in addition to rows of yellow covered by dermal bone plates formed by highly developed odontodes, these are characteristics that make P. pirarara a prominent species in the aquarium trade, in which has long attracted the attention of aquarists around the world. One of the most studied anatomical systems in fish is the skeleton, so that the characteristics present in the bones of individuals are essential for directing work on the description and morphology of species. Studies that investigate the osteological development of fish can be carried out with individuals in different periods of life, however, works that use specimens in the initial stages of development are more detailed, presenting exclusive data, in addition to serving as comparison material for other Teleosts. Thus, the main objective of this study is to carry out a complete osteological description of the representatives of Pseudacanthicus pirarara that are in the initial stages of life, in addition to reporting the osteological development of the individuals during the larval period. The specimens used for this study come from ex situ reproduction procedures realized at the Laboratório de Aquicultura de Peixes Ornamentais do Xingu (LAQUAX). One hundred individuals were obtained in different stages of life and degrees of development. For the osteological analyses, the individuals were submmited to the Taylor & Van Dyke diaphanization protocol with adaptations for larvae. Subsequently, osteological analyzes were carried out through the dissection of the specimens, so that a complete elaboration of the nomenclature of the bone structures was possible. During the analyses, we investigated the moment of ossification of the structures, considering the life stages and the standard length of the individuals, seeking to record the initial ontogenetic development, and to elaborate the first osteological description of a large Loricariidae species. Finally, we discuss the heterochronies and the moment of ossification of the bone complexes in P. pirarara, comparing with the available ontogenetic data of another representative of Loricariidae, and of two other Siluriformes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
PANC na visão dos estudantes de ciências biológicas da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-26) DUARTE, Larissa Rodrigues Ferreira; MENEZES, Moirah Paula Machado de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4242537967460940