Artigos Científicos - ICJ

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Políticas públicas e manejo comunitário de recursos naturais na Amazônia
(2003-12) BENATTI, José Heder; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; OLIVEIRA, Ana Cristina Mendes de
Este texto pretende descrever os principais resultados da pesquisa realizada no âmbito dos Projetos de Pesquisa Dirigida do Subprograma de Ciência e Tecnologia - SPC&T, Programa Piloto para a Proteção das Florestas Tropicais do Brasil - PPG7,1 entre fevereiro de 2000 a junho de 2003. O trabalho contou com o apoio do Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia, como instituição executora. A pesquisa buscou contribuir para o estabelecimento de diretrizes e políticas públicas ambientais, relativas às práticas de manejo comunitário dos recursos naturais, nas áreas de várzea e terra firme. Através do estudo de iniciativas de manejo em andamento, promissoras ou não, foi possível fornecer subsídios para o reconhecimento destas experiências no âmbito das políticas públicas. Desta forma, espera-se estar contribuindo para o estabelecimento de uma relação menos conflituosa entre as necessidades de desenvolvimento local e a conservação ambiental da região. O conceito de manejo comunitário de recursos naturais apareceu com maior intensidade a partir da década de 80, quando cientistas naturais e sociais insistiam em demonstrar a relação entre degradação ambiental e questões de justiça social, empobrecimento rural e direitos indígenas. Este conceito traz consigo as práticas de gestão participativa disseminadas na Amazônia no final do século passado, quando vários grupos de produtores familiares rurais se envolveram em iniciativas de manejo comunitário, em resposta às diversas pressões sobre os recursos naturais comuns de que dependiam. Estas iniciativas têm sido caracterizadas pelo importante papel desempenhado por mediadores (Igrejas, ONGs e financiadores), pela diversidade de arranjos institucionais envolvidos (Cunha, 2002) e pelas diferentes estratégias de usos em função das características dos recursos manejados (Oliveira, 2002). Os programas de manejo comunitário que vêm sendo implementados na Amazônia nas últimas décadas partem da premissa de que as comunidades locais envolvidas apresentam maior interesse na sustentabilidade de seus recursos do que o governo ou instituições distantes destas comunidades. Além disto, possuem maior conhecimento dos processos ecológicos e das práticas tradicionais de manejo de recursos naturais. Nos últimos dez anos, a política de gestão ambiental do Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente (IBAMA) tem passado por uma transformação profunda. Durante esse período, o IBAMA introduziu uma série de medidas para descentralizar a gestão dos recursos naturais e aumentar o grau de participação de grupos de usuários locais. Através desse processo de descentralização, o órgão ambiental federal está institucionalizando as iniciativas de manejo comunitário, o qual vem sendo implantado na região através de dois projetos: o Provárzea2 e o Promanejo,3 na busca de promover a co-gestão dos recursos naturais na região amazônica. O desenvolvimento desse novo sistema de gestão enfrenta uma série de dificuldades. De um lado, a organização comunitária continua bastante frágil, sendo que não há uma sistematização adequada dos fatores que influenciam no desempenho desta organização, o que, por sua vez, dificulta a elaboração de políticas que favoreçam o processo de fortalecimento social. Do outro lado, a implantação de um sistema de co-gestão implica em mudanças profundas na legislação de gestão ambiental e na criação de novas instituições para implementar essas políticas. Foram analisadas algumas iniciativas de manejo comunitário, sendo a maioria implementada com base no processo de co-gestão. Essa análise objetivou identificar os fatores que facilitam ou dificultam a participação efetiva das populações tradicionais na gestão dos recursos naturais, e estudou a relação entre os agentes do governo e os usuários locais dos recursos. O estudo demonstrou que ocorreram mudanças nas políticas e nas instituições de gestão de recursos naturais, aumentando a participação dos usuários na gestão local. Também foram identificados fatores importantes no desempenho dos sistemas de manejo comunitário e elementos específicos das políticas de gestão que devem ser reavaliados. Para exemplificar essas mudanças iremos descrever, resumidamente, os prinicipais casos analisados na pesquisa.
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Estabilidade constitucional e acordos constitucionais: os processos constituintes de Brasil (1987-1988) e Espanha (1977-1978)
(2008-12) MAUÉS, Antonio Gomes Moreira; SANTOS, Élida de Oliveira Lauris dos
The article analyses the agreements which formed the majorities in the constituent assemblies of Brazil (1987-1988) and Spain (1977-1978), trying to identify its contribution to the constitutional stability in both countries. This analysis is developed through three steps: study of the rules that governed the constituent assemblies; organization of data about the votings which approved constitutional provisions; and analysis of the constitutional debates, in which three process of majority formation have been identified, mutual concessions; no-decision and arithmetical majority. The work shows that the use of mutual concessions and no-decision in the constituent assembly promotes the process of consensus building regarding the constitution, contributing to its stability.
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Questão fundiária e sucessão da terra na fronteira Oeste da Amazônia
(2008-12) BENATTI, José Heder; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; HURTIENNE, Thomas Peter; SANTOS, Roberto Araújo de Oliveira; PORTELA, Roselene de Souza
In Brazil, in the second half of the 20th century, several state land organizations were created, which tried to solve the growing confl icts for lands. One of the main objectives of these state land organizations was to garantee the access to the rural property, that is, to make that the largest number of people could have a piece of land to work. Another role was that of the management of the public patrimony. However, in practice, one noticed that the management summed up more in incorporating the devoluted lands into the patrimony and then transferring them to private people, than in thinking about a policy in which the way of use and management of the natural resources would be defi ned by the institutes of lands. We tried to show this issue related to the production of several forms of land conflicts linked to the performance of the state land organizations, as well as the understanding of these confl icts in a new legal and political conjuncture, since it is necessary to define, in the governmental organizational structure, which one is the state organization or the instance responsible for the execution of the land policy, for management of the natural renewed resources and, principally, for the devoluted lands. The analysis of the land situation and of the confl icts in the area of Br-163 (Cuiabá-Santarém Road) is highlighted in how the visualization of the land structure is important for the elaboration of a strategic plan of a social, economical and ecological ordering.
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Jogando com os precedentes: regras, analogias, princípios
(2012-12) MAUÉS, Antonio Gomes Moreira
This article analyses the use of binding precedents by the Brazilian Supreme Court in the light of three conceptions of precedents, which are developed by F. Schauer (precedents as rules), C. Sunstein (precedents as analogies) and R. Dworkin (precedents as principles). After the exposition of the main aspects of each theory, based respectively on the concepts of entrenched generalizations, incompletely theorized agreements and chain novel, the article debates the arguments that they can provide for the use of precedents in Brazilian law.
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Capítulos de uma história: a decisão do STF sobre união homoafetiva à luz do direito como integridade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06) MAUÉS, Antonio Gomes Moreira
This work analyses the STF ruling that recognized same-sex unions, based on law as integrity theory of R. Dworkin and on documentary research about the subject. It criticizes the use of legislative intent as a ground to conclude that the Constitution prohibits same-sex unions and argues that the construction of the right to equality in the field of sexual orientation in Brazilian law authorizes the judiciary to recognize these unions.
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O efeito vinculante na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal:análise das reclamações constitucionais n. 11.000 a 13.000
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-08) MAUÉS, Antonio Gomes Moreira
This article analyses how the Brazilian Supreme Court applies the binding effect of its rulings and summula, especially regarding its bindingness upon the other bodies of the judicial power. The research was based on the collection of data about the constitutional claims n. 11.000 to 13.000, from which we identified three most frequent subjects, related to the rulings on Direct Action of Unconstitutionality n. 3.395, Summula n. 10 and Declaratory Action of Constitutionality n. 16. The jurisprudential analysis of these claims shows that the Brazilian Supreme Court recognizes that the binding effect of its rulings upon judges and courts does not forbid them to make distinguishiments and to decide not to apply these precedents to specific cases.
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O Mapa da pós-graduação em direito no Brasil: uma análise a partir do método da social network analysis
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-12) GAMEIRO, Ian Pimentel; GUIMARÃES FILHO, Gilberto
Objective: This research aims to answer how the graduate studies in Law network is structured in Brazil, as well as which programs of this network have the higher capacity to influence the others. Methodology: The guideline used in this research is the “absorption of egresses of a program by the others”. This study has only contemplated the professors who are permanent members of the 94 stricto sensu graduate programs in law, that have been operating until 2016, and whose evaluation area is Law. The data have been collected from Sucupira platform and the method chosen was the Social Network Analysis (SNA), with the Ucinet 6.528 and NetDraw 2.141 software. Results: The network of graduate studies in Law in Brazil proved to be irregular and unevenly distributed throughout the country: not too dense, strongly oriented to the South and Southeast areas of the country, and quite regionalized. The program which has the strongest capacity of influence is held by PUC-SP. Conclusion: The structural characteristics of the network allow us to understand some of the factors that constrain the quality of Brazilian legal education as a whole, such as the lack of formation offered in some member states or the low exchange of talents among programs.
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Narrativas de cotistas raciais sobre suas experiências na universidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-12) LEMOS, Isabele Batista de
The article resulted from a research focused on the academic trajectories of students who entered the system through racial quotas in the Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), considering the analysis of the meanings attributed by students themselves to this experience they lived. In the field of studies about the functioning of racial affirmative actions, the research analyzes the narratives of thirteen students who entered UFPA through the racial quota and have already graduated or are close to complete their graduation. The conclusions of this study suggest that, regarding the students interviewed, the program of UFPA has been effective in providing these young people with access and successful stay at the university, although they still face financial difficulties, problems to access cultural benefits and prejudice, both because they are racial quota beneficiaries and because they are black.
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O Dano existencial na sociedade de consumo
(Centro Universitário 7 de Setembro, 2018) VERBICARO, Dennis; CRUZ, Raiza da Costa Santos
The present article, through the deductive method and through national and foreign bibliographic research, aims to analyze the phenomenon of existential damage in con sumer relations. In today's society, there is a strong harassment of the Cultural Industry for the consumer to submit to a consumption pattern aimed at personal self-satisfaction, or even ac ceptance in the social environment. The media's appeal for the acquisition of goods and ser vices overwhelms the psyche of consumers, especially the most vulnerable groups, generating an artificial freedom of choice and artificial happiness, insofar as their personal dissatisfaction with life, or even their Emotional and social needs could be appeased by the satisfaction and pleasure of buying. The research also addresses the novel discussion of consumer behavioral vulnerability to consumer harassment in the context of hypermodernity.
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A política nacional das relações de consumo como modelo de democracia deliberativa
(Casa Civil da Presidência da República, 2018-01) VERBICARO, Dennis
The article proposes an analysis of the civic identity formation and consumer policy actions as expressions of an instrumental concept of citizenship in a deliberative democracy model. This citizenship presupposes qualified public participation in the National Policy for Consumer’s relations, in particular through the Consumer Protection Representative Associations in Brazil. The State’s role as developer of effective and permanent activities of civil society will be redefined, mediating the dialogue between consumers and suppliers, which has repercussions in the prevention and suppression of illicit consumption and ensures the improvement of the quality and safety of products and services, placed on the economic market. The deductive method of investigation was used, based on national and foreign bibliographical research, resulting in the indication of political spaces of qualified consumer action, with a view to improving the legal protection of consumer relations.
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Indicações geográficas e agrobiodiversidade no contexto amazônico: a necessidade de um desenvolvimento territorial que leve em consideração a identidade cultural inerente aos produtos oriundos do conhecimento tradicional
(Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, 2018-08) OLIVEIRA, Amanda Borges de; MOREIRA, Eliane Cristina Pinto
Investigating the potential of Geographical Indications for the protection of agrobiodiversity products derived from traditional knowledge is the central objective of this work. As for the methodology, it is an exploratory research, counting on data from Bibliographic Research and Field Research. The first one aimed at understanding the main concepts addressed in this work as Geographical Indications, Territorial Development and Agrobiodiversity. The Field Survey refers to the case of the Geographical Indication for the flour of Bragança -PA, still in the articulation phase, through direct observation and interrogation. A systematic observation and questioning based on forms directed to the main actors involved in the construction of the mentioned Geographical Indication project were applied, such as representatives of the cooperative elected to present the application to the INPI, public and private agents included in the process, besides the contributions of producers, reference in the production of the flour of Bragança. Therefore, from the case cited, through the induction method, it was concluded that for the protection of agrobiodiversity products, derived from traditional knowledge, it is necessary that the Geographical Indication project and its subsequent management be based on a the idea of territorial development, which takes into account not only the final product with economic prospects, but also the cultural identity inherent to the product, as well as the various social actors related to it, permeating its entire productive chain and collaborating to access markets in a qualitative way.
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O Lugar do direito penal na luta dos movimentos de mulheres no Brasil
(Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2018-12) SOUZA, Luanna Tomaz de
The article analyzes the extent to which women's movements have used the use of criminal law as a mean of coping with the violence committed against women in Brazil and which are the problems arising from this linkage. First, we analyze the action of women's movements in Brazil, then the problems of recourse to the law in the actions of social movements and whether it can have an emancipatory bias. Finally, it is evaluated whether the action of the women's movements has imported a legitimation of a selective and violent system.
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O Estado de Coisas Inconstitucional na ADPF 347 e a sedução do Direito: o impacto da medida cautelar e a resposta dos poderes políticos
(Fundação Getulio Vargas, 2019) MAGALHÃES, Breno Baía
This article intends to analyze the State of Unconstitutional Affairs from the evaluation of the impacts of the interim order granted by the STF in the three branches of the Republic and the possibility of social changes from it. Dealing with the decision of the STF in ADPF 347 as a decision that creates political paths to be covered by the involved agents, in this case, the Executive, Legisla tive and Judicial powers, it seeks to evaluate the feasibility of the answers pre sented in order to reach, or not, the requirements formulated by the judicial decision. The data collected in the scope of the powers were contrasted with the objectives of the interim orders and with the justifications of the State of Unconstitutional Affairs. Next, the article argues for the impossibility of changes in the factual situation presented through legal categories, based on Gerald Rosenberg’s theses on social changes through law. The study concludes that the granted interim orders are not effective, because the powers presented answers that follow the same nature of the policies traditionally developed in Brazil, and that a social change is unlikely through the declaration of the State of Unconstitutional Affairs
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A incrível doutrina de um caso só: análise do estado de coisas inconstitucional na ADPF 347
(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2019) MAGALHÃES, Breno Baía
The article intends to make a dogmatic analysis of ADPF 347, a judicial precedent that inserted the category State of Unconstitutional Affairs (SUA) in the interpretative canon of the Brazilian Constitutional Law. The creation of said category implies the delimitation of its elements for their characterization and application in later cases. Thus, as a scientific method, the article intends to perform a dogmatic analysis of the elements that make up the identification of an SUA, according to the decision taken by the Federal Supreme Court (FSC). The dogmatic study proceeded from a description of its constitutional contours, that is, the requirements for the declaration of the ECI and its characteristics, to then challenge the constitutional characterization of the category under consideration and to highlight the mobilization of the FSC justices in order to limit its applicability only to the case of the prison system. The study concludes that the dogmatic categorie is problematic from the point of view of its argumentative coherence and its application will be restricted to the case of the Brazilian prison system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os sistemas internacionais de proteção aos direitos humanos e a responsabilidade do estado no enfrentamento à violência doméstica e familiar
(Centro Universitário UNIFAFIBE, 2019) SOUZA, Luanna Tomaz de; SMITH, Andreza do Socorro Pantoja de Oliveira; FERREIRA, Vida Evelyn Pina Bonfim
In the present article we analyze, from the performance of the international human rights protection systems, the extent of the State's responsibility in facing the violence committed against women. The purpose of the article is to verify how the global and inter-american human rights protection system has understood the state's role in situations of domestic and family violence. A feminist methodology based on the perspective of transformation of the institutions is realized, recognizing limits and also presenting potentialities in the defense and promotion of women's rights. The research is bibliographic and documentary, being analyzed the international and national documents of recognition of the rights of women and decisions of the Inter-American Court of human rights on the subject.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A convenção da criança e os limites na responsabilização de crianças e adolescentes no Brasil: rupturas e permanências
(Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2019) SOUZA, Luanna Tomaz de; ALBUQUERQUE, Fernando da Silva; ABOIM, Josilene Barbosa
This research will seek to verify the contribution of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) to establish limits to state power in the responsabilization of children and adolescents in conflict with the law in Brazil. The dialectical method will be used with bibliographical and documentary bases to analyze the ruptures and stays in the investigation of infractions existing before and after the validity of the Convention.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade sexual e proteção integral à infância e juventude no direito internacional
(Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2019) SMITH, Andreza do Socorro Pantoja de Oliveira
In the present study, it is argued that sexual orientation constitutes an integral protection’s scope foreseen in the international norm about the human rights of the child, which imposes to the state and the society the development of actions and policies with the objective to promote discussions about sexual diversity and sexual rights as a mechanism of prevention and confrontation to violences of this nature.
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Dignidade humana, humilhação e forma de vida
(Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2019) MATOS, Saulo Monteiro Martinho de
In normative terms, human dignity usually implies two consequences: (a) human beings cannot be treated in some particular ways due to their condition as humans; and (b) some forms of life do not correspond to the ideal life of our community. This study consists in discussing the meaning of this idea of human dignity in contrast to the concept of humiliation in the context of institutional, i.e. political and legal, rights. Two concepts of human dignity will be discussed. The first absolute/necessary and formal/transcendental concept implies the proposition “because human beings have dignity, the following cluster of rights is valid.” Conversely, the second contingent and material concept corresponds to the thought “for being able to live in dignity, we must respect the following rights.” This paper claims that human dignity should be understood as the right to be protected from humiliation. Humiliation is the experience of incapacity or absence of self-determination.
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Aplicação do princípio jusambiental do poluidor-pagador às situações de trabalho análogo ao de escravo
(Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal, 2019-04) MARANHÃO, Ney Stany Morais; MESQUITA, Valena Jacob Chaves; GARCIA, Anna Marcella Mendes
It is started on the hypothesis that work in slave-like conditions constitutes a labor-environmental pollution modality, attracting, as a consequence, all the rich normative estuary that gives substance to the Environmental Law in benefit of the adequate legal protection of the balance of the work environment. In this line of reasoning, the legal potentialities resulting of incidence of polluter-pays principle at this peculiar type of environmental damage are questioned. The research is qualitative, eminently bibliographical, and the hypothetical deductive method was used to test the initial hypothesis, confirming it.
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A judicialização do refúgio no STJ: deferência ao executivo e incoerência interpretativa
(Universidade Federal do Paraná, 2019-04) MAGALHÃES, Breno Baía; CORRÊA, Gabriella Thaís Sousa
The present article intends to analyze the jurisprudence of the Brazilian Superior Court of Justice (Superior Tribunal de Justiça, or STJ), in order to identify which hypotheses of judicialization of refuge, according to the categories stipulated by Jubilut (2011), are presented in that court and if there is or not judicial deference to the Executive branch decisions on expulsion or denial of refugee status. This empirical article analyzed the entire content of 13 decisions of the STJ, among full bench and monocratic decisions. The methodology employed is institutionalist, focused on the jurisprudential construction of the rules and their impact on the achievement of their purposes. The study concludes that the STJ developed a doctrine of great deference to the Executive branch, stressing the impossibility of judicial review of the merits of administrative decisions on issues related to Brazil’s foreign policy. Finally, we argue, as a future agenda for research, that the judicial trend of total deference may indicate a position of the Brazilian State regarding a foreign policy of non-reception of refugees.